Babuyan Claro

Province Cagayan
City/Town Calayan
Eleveation 843m
Type Stratovolcano
Status Active
Askedna Hot Springs is located in
Activity
the southern base of the volcano.
Last
1917
Erruptions
Historic
1831, 1860, 1913
Erruptions

Babuyan Claro has four morphologically fresh

volcanic edifices: Mt. Cayonan in the south, Mt.
Naydi and Mt. Dionisio in the southeast and Mt.
Pangasun, a stratovolcano which has two very well-
preserved craters 300 and 400 m in diameter.
It has one hot spring called Askedna Hot Spring
which is located at the southern basal slope of
Babuyan Claro. It has a temperature range of 44.6 to
50.2°C. The water in Askedna hot spring is slightly
acidic and the silica content is relatively high since
the spring flows directly from lava flow deposits. The
spring water can be classified as near-neutral sodium-
chloride brine.

In July 1993, there were reports of earthquakes and

an alleged drying up of vegetation at the upper slopes
and summit area of the volcano but volcanologists
said the earthquakes were of tectonic origins and
there was no significant change in the volcanic
activity. In February 2004, there were reports of
grayish steam clouds hovering above the summit but
volcanologists from Phivolcs said the seismic swarm
was of tectonic origin and the steaming activity was
only wispy to weak.
Biliran
Province Biliran
City/Town Kawayan
Eleveation 1301m
Type Composite
Status Active
Activity Fumarolic, hot springs
Last
September 26, 1939
Erruptions
Historic
n/a
Erruptions

The volcanic island of Biliran, located across the

narrow Biliran Strait from the northern tip of Leyte
Island, contains many prominent andesitic lava
domes, the highest of which is 1301 m Surio. Several
Pleistocene K-Ar dates have been obtained from
volcanic centers on northern Biliran Island. Fumarole
fields are scattered throughout the 20 x 35 km wide
island. The only known historical activity at Biliran
was a phreatic explosive eruption and possible debris
avalanche at a thermal area in 1939.
Local earthquakes accompanied by rumbling sounds
were reportedly felt at places near the volcano.
Furthermore, thick steam clouds rising from the
volcano and drying up of vegetation at the upper
slopes were reportedly observed by boat passengers
and fishermen.
Data gathered, however, by the investigating team
showed that no unusual volcanic activity took place.
The volcano and the island are identic. The central
Biliran-Libtong Thermal Areas have 12 hot springs
and one bubbling pool. There are 3 other thermal
active areas: North Biliran-Panamao Thermal Area,
Anas Thermal Area, South Biliran-Kalambis Thermal
Area
Bulusan

Province Sorsogon
City/Town Irosin
Eleveation 1565m
Type Stratovolcano
Status ALERT !
Activity Steam
Last Erruptions Bulusan is on Alert Level 0
Historic Erruptions 2010
Luzon's southernmost volcano, Bulusan, was constructed
along the rim of the 11-km-diameter dacitic-to-rhyolitic
Irosin caldera, which was formed about 35,000-40,000
years ago. Bulusan lies at the SE end of the Bicol
volcanic arc occupying the peninsula of the same name
that forms the elongated SE tip of Luzon. A broad, flat
moat is located below the topographically prominent SW
rim of Irosin caldera; the NE rim is buried by the
andesitic Bulusan complex. Bulusan is flanked by several
other large intracaldera lava domes and cones, including
the prominent Mount Jormajan lava dome on the SW
flank and Sharp Peak to the NE. Bulusan has four craters
and four hot springs. Crater No. 1, called Blackbird Lake,
is 20 m in diameter and 15 m deep. The oval Crater No. 2
is 60 m by 30 m and 15 m deep. Crater No. 3 is about 90
m in diameter and 20 m deep and Crater No. 4, which is
near the northeastern, rim opened during the 1981
eruption. There is also a 100-meter fissure measuring 5 to
8 m wide below Crater No. 4.. Many moderate explosive
eruptions have been recorded at Bulusan since the mid-
19th century.
Mount Bulusan in Sorsogon had shown increased activity
since November 17, 2010. Bulusan Volcano has returned
to normalcy following a general decline of monitoring
parameters after its last phreatic (steam-driven) eruption
on May 13, 2011.
In view of the overall decline in all parameters,
PHIVOLCS has now lowered the alert status of Bulusan
Volcano from Alert level 1 to Alert level 0. This means
that no eruption is foreseen in the immediate future.
Cabalian
Province Southern Leyte
City/Town Ormoc City
Eleveation 900m
Type Stratovolcano
Status Active
Activity Solfatares, hot springs
Last
1820
Erruptions
Historic
Quaternary
Erruptions

Cabalian is classified by the Philippine Institute of

Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) as active
with solfataric activity. Radiocarbon dating on a
pyroclastic flow deposit from the volcano estimated
that the last eruption was in 1820 +/- 30 years.
The stratovolcano has an elevation of 945 metres with
a base diameter of 8.5 kilometres). The predominant
rock type is andesite. Beside solfataras, other thermal
features present are hot springs located on the east and
west flank of the volcano. Mainit Hot Spring in the
municipality of Anahawan, Southern Leyte has a
temperature of 63.4–63.9°C
miguin de Babuyanes
Province Cagayan
City/Town Calayan
Eleveation 712m
Type Stratovolcano
Status Potentially active
Activity Fumarolic with thermal springs.
Last
1857
Erruptions
Historic
n/a
Erruptions

Camiguin de Babuyanes is a semi-active

stratovolcano on Calayan Island part of the
Babuyan Islands group, in Calayan
municipality, in the province of Cagayan.
Well forested, Camiguin de Babuyanes has an
elevation of 712 metres, and a base diameter
of 3,200 metres.

Mount Camiguin occupies the SW tip of 22-

km-long Calayan Island. Fumaroles are found
on the southwest, west, and east flanks of the
volcano. A boiling spring is located near sea
level on the western flank of the volcano.
Didicas
Province Cagayan
City/Town Calayan
Eleveation 228m
Type Submarine/Dome
Status Active
Activity none
Last
1952
Erruptions
Historic
1773
Erruptions

Didicas volcano, 22 km NE of Camiguin Island, was

a submarine volcano prior to 1952, when a permanent
island was formed. Didicas now consists of a small,
244-m-high andesitic lava dome about 1.4 km in
longest exposed dimension. A 400-m-wide crater was
formed during the 1952 eruption. The first recorded
submarine eruption of Didicas was in 1773.
The first recorded subaerial cone reached a height of
213 m in 1860, after a four-year-long eruption, but
soon was eroded beneath the sea. Three rock masses
up to 82 m high were left after an eruption in 1900.
Two eruptions have occurred since 1952 at an
explosion crater on the northern side of the island.
Hibok-Hibok
Province Camiguin
City/Town Catarman
Eleveation 1332m
Type Stratovolcano / dome complex
Status Active
Activity Fumarolic with thermal springs.
Last
1948 - 1953
Erruptions
Historic
1871
Erruptions

Mt. Mambajao forms the high point of Camiguin

Island at 1552 m. It has a youthful morphology with
summit and flank lava domes, one of which partially
fills a crater breached to the NW, but has not had
historical eruptions.
The eroded stratovolcanoes of Mt. Butay and Mt.
Guinsiliban form the SE tip of the island and lie at
one end of the NNW-SSE trending line of vents
cutting across the island. The Benoni cinder cone lies
along the SE coast.
The youngest volcano, and the only historically active
one, is Hibok-Hibok. It lies at the NW end of the
island, about 6 km NW of Mt. Mambajao. This
andesitic-to-rhyolitic volcano contains several lava
domes, including Mt. Vulcan on its NW flank.
Major eruptions during 1871-75 and 1948-53 formed
flank lava domes at Hibok-Hibok and produced
pyroclastic flows that devastated coastal villages.
Iraya
Province Batanes
City/Town Basco
Eleveation 1009m
Type Stratovolcano
Status Potentially active
Activity Seismic swarm in 1998.
Last
n/a
Erruptions
Historic
1454
Erruptions

1998 Seismic swarm. A temporary seismic

monitoring network was established in Batan Island
and was maintained for several months.
When frequency of earthquake occurrences
diminished, the temporary stations, one in San
Joaquin and another near Iraya's crater, were pulled
out.
But the Basco Seismological station continued to
monitor the seismic movement of the island as well
as any activity that may be attributed to Iraya
Volcano.
Jolo Group
Province Sulu
City/Town Jolo
Eleveation 583m
Type Cinder cone
Status Active
Activity Solfataric, hot springs
Last
n/a
Erruptions
Historic
n/a
Erruptions

Jolo Group is an active group of volcanoes in the

island of Jolo in Southern Philippines.
A tsunami occurred in 1897, believed to have been
caused by a local submarine eruption on 21
September 1897. It is possible this eruption was
centered at Lake Seit, a volcanic maar with still active
solfatara.
Volcanoes in the Jolo Group are young and
considered active.
Kanlaon
Province Negros Occidental
City/Town Canlaon City
Eleveation 2435m
Type Stratovolcano
Status ALERT !
Activity Solfataric, hot springs
Last
Kanlaon is on Alert Level 2
Erruptions
Historic
1902, 1919
Erruptions

Kanlaon volcano (also spelled Canlaon or Canla-

on), the most active of the central Philippines, forms
the highest point on the island of Negros. The massive
2435-m-high andesitic stratovolcano is dotted with
fissure-controlled pyroclastic cones and craters, many
of which are filled by lakes. The largest debris
avalanche known in the Philippines traveled 33 km to
the SW from Kanlaon. The summit of Kanlaon
contains a 2-km-wide, elongated northern caldera with
a crater lake and a smaller, but higher, historically
active vent, Lugud crater, to the south. Historical
eruptions from Kanlaon, recorded since 1866, have
typically consisted of phreatic explosions of small-to-
moderate size that produce minor ashfalls near the
volcano.The volcano has three hot springs on its
slopes: Mambucal Hot Springs on the northwest,
Bucalan Hot Spring, Bungol Hot Spring. Its adjacent
volcanic edifices are Mt. Silay and Mt. Mandalagan,
north of Kanlaon.On August 10, 1996, Kanlaon
erupted without warning.
In the 8 days from 23 August to 1 September, 2009,
257 volcanic earthquakes were recorded. Usual
seismic activity during quiet periods is 0 to 4 quakes
in any 24 hour period. Epicenters of the recorded
quakes were clustered at the north-west slope which
may indicate movement of an active local fault at the
slope induced by pressure beneath the volcano.
Matutum
Province South Cotabato
City/Town Acmonan
Eleveation 2286m
Type Stratovolcano
Status Active
Fumarolic. Thermal springs in
Activity
Almoan and Linan.
Last 07 March 1911 (not confirmed),
Erruptions fumarolic
Historic
n/a
Erruptions

The symmetrical Matutum stratovolcano rises to

2286 m in southern Mindanao, NW of Sarangani Bay.
The summit of the andesitic-to-dacitic volcano is
truncated by a well-preserved 320-m-wide crater that
is breached by three gorges and has a 120-m-deep,
densely forested floor. Widespread silicic
pyroclastic-flow deposits surround the volcano,
which overlooks the major city of General Santos.
The youngest pyroclastic deposits were dated at about
2000 yrs BP. A report stated that Matutum volcano
was "smoking" on March 7, 1911 (Neumann van
Padang, 1953). The Akmoan and Lianan thermal
areas are located on the WSW flank of the volcano.
Mayon
Province Albay
City/Town Legazpi
Eleveation 2462m
Type Stratovolcano
Status ALERT !
Fumarolic and solfatares. Crater
Activity
glow. Volcanic tremor.
Last
Mayon is on Alert Level 1
Erruptions
Historic
1616, 1766, 1814
Erruptions

Mayon Volcano is the Philippines' most active

volcano and is considered to be the world's most
perfectly formed volcano for its symmetrical cone. It
is a basaltic-andesitic volcano.
The upper slopes of the volcano are steep averaging
35-40 degrees and are capped by a small summit
crater. Its sides are layers of lava and other volcanic
material. Mayon has had forty-seven eruptions in
recorded history.
The first recorded eruption was in 1616, the last major
eruption ceased on 1st October 2006, although a
devastating lahar followed on 30 November 2006.
The most destructive eruption of Mayon occurred on
February 1, 1814. Lava flowed but not as much
compared to the 1766 eruption.
PHIVOLCS is closely monitoring Mayon Volcano
and any new development will be relayed to all
concerned.
Pinatubo
Province Pampanga
City/Town Angeles City
Eleveation 1486m
Type Stratovolcano
Status Active
Activity Fumarolic
Last
1991, 1993
Erruptions
Historic
n/a
Erruptions

Prior to 1991 Pinatubo volcano was a relatively

unknown, heavily forested lava dome complex
located 100 km NW of Manila with no records of
historical eruptions. The 1991 eruption, one of the
world's largest of the 20th century, ejected massive
amounts of tephra and produced voluminous
pyroclastic flows, forming a small, 2.5-km-wide
summit caldera whose floor is now covered by a lake.
Although the eruption caused hundreds of fatalities
and major damage with severe social and economic
impact, successful monitoring efforts greatly reduced
the number of fatalities. Widespread lahars that
redistributed products of the 1991 eruption have
continued to cause severe disruption.
At least six major eruptive periods, interrupted by
lengthy quiescent periods, have occurred from
modern Pinatubo volcano during the past 35,000
years. Most of these have produced major pyroclastic
flows and lahars that were even more extensive than
in 1991.
In total, about 30,000 people lived on the flanks of the
volcano in barangays and other small settlements.
About 500,000 people continue to live within 40 km
of the mountain, with population centres including
the 150,000 in Angeles City, and 20,000 at Clark
Freeport Zone.
Taal
Province Batangas
City/Town Tagaytay City
Eleveation 311m
Type Caldera
Status Active
Fumarolic and solfatares.
Activity
Volcanic tremor.
Last Erruptions Taal is on Alert Level 4
Historic
1572, 1911, 1965
Erruptions
Taal volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the
Philippines and has produced some of its most powerful
historical eruptions. In contrast to Mayon volcano, Taal is not
topographically prominent, but its prehistorical eruptions have
greatly changed the topography of SW Luzon. The 15 x 20 km
Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal, whose 267
sq km surface lies only 3 m above sea level. The maximum depth
of the lake is 160 m, and several eruptive centers lie submerged
beneath the lake. The 5-km-wide Volcano Island in north-central
Lake Taal is the location of all historical eruptions. The island is
a complex volcano composed of coalescing small
stratovolcanoes, tuff rings, and scoria cones that has grown
about 25% in area during historical time. Powerful pyroclastic
flows and surges from historical eruptions of Taal have caused
many fatalities.

There have been 33 recorded eruptions at Taal since 1572. One

of the more devastating eruptions occurred in 1911, which
claimed more than a thousand lives. The deposits of that
eruption consisted of a yellowish, fairly decomposed (non-
juvenile) tephra with a high sulfur content.
Although the volcano has been quiet since 1977, it has shown
signs of unrest since 1991, with strong seismic activity and
ground fracturing events, as well as the formation of small mud
pots and mud geysers on parts of the island. The Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) regularly
issues notices and warnings about current activity at Taal,
including ongoing seismic unrest.
Silay
Province Negros Occidental
City/Town Silay
Eleveation 1535m
Type Stratovolcano
Status Potentially active
Activity Fumarolic
Last
n/a
Erruptions
Historic
n/a
Erruptions

Silay volcano is the northernmost volcano on Negros

Island lies 28 km east of Silay City. It is a basaltic-
andesite stratovolcano with a partially breached, 3.5-
km-wide summit caldera.
It is unknown when the last eruptions occurred at
Silay volcano. The Malisbog solfatara field has
fumarolic activity and extensive sulfur deposits.
Smith
Province Cagayan
City/Town Calayan
Eleveation 688m
Type Cinder cone
Status Potentially active
Activity Hot springs
Last
1924
Erruptions
Historic
1642
Erruptions

Five Pleistocene-to-Holocene volcanic centers

occupy Babuyan de Claro Island north of Luzon. The
largest edifice is Mt. Pangasun (Babuyan Claro), an
active stratovolcano with two summit craters 300 and
400 m in diameter. The symmetrical basaltic andesite
cinder cone of Smith Volcano, located 4 km to the
NW of Babuyan Claro, rises to 688 m and is the
youngest volcano on the island. Both Babuyan Claro
and Smith volcanoes have apparently been active in
historical time, although the identity of the erupting
volcano is not always certain. Askedna Hot Spring is
located at the southern base of Babuyan Claro.