SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B.

SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

B. Sc. Degree Course in

MICROBIOLOGY

SYLLABUS FOR THIRD YEAR

(To be implemented from Academic Year 2015-16)

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

GENERAL INFORMATION
Eligibility at third year B. Sc. Microbiology:
Student shall clear all First Year B. Sc. Microbiology courses and satisfactorily keep terms of
Second Year of B. Sc. with Microbiology as one of the subjects.

Course Structure: T. Y. B. Sc. Microbiology course includes 12 theory papers and 3 practical
courses. Six theory papers will be taught in semester III and the remaining six in semester IV.
Practical are conducted over semesters III and IV. The examination will be held semester-wise
for theory paper whereas the examination for three practical courses will be held at the end of
the semester IV.

Work-load:
Theory Papers: Four Periods / Week per Paper (Total 48 / Paper per Semester)
Practical Course: Four Hours / Week per course (Total 96 / Course per Semester). Practical is
to be conducted as four hours each day on three consecutive days / Batch.

Standard of Passing:
i. In order to pass in the Second Year and Third Year theory examination, the candidate has
to obtain 20 marks out of 50 in each course of each semester. (Minimum 16 marks must
be obtained in the University Theory Examination).
ii. In order to pass in practical examination, the candidate has to obtain 40 marks out of 100
in each course. (Minimum 32 marks must be obtained in the University Examination.)

Award of Class:
The class will be awarded to the student on the aggregate marks obtained during the second and
third year in the Principle subject only. The award of the class shall be as follows:
1. Aggregate 70% and above First Class with Distinction
2. Aggregate 60% and more but less than 70% First Class
3. Aggregate 55% and more but less than 60% Higher Second Class
4. Aggregate 50% and more but less than 55% Second Class
5. Aggregate 40% and more but less than 50% Pass Class
6. Below 40% Fail

ATKT Rules:
While going from F. Y. B. Sc. to S. Y. B. Sc. at least 8 courses (out of total 12) should be
cleared; however all F. Y. B. Sc. courses should be cleared while going to T. Y. B. Sc.
While going from S. Y. B. Sc. to T. Y. B. Sc., at least 12 courses (out of 20) should be cleared
(Practical Course at S. Y. B. Sc. will be equivalent to 2 courses).

University Terms:
University authorities declare dates for commencement and conclusion of the first and second
terms. Terms can be kept by only duly admitted students. The term shall be granted only on
minimum 80 percent attendance at theory and practical course and satisfactory performance
during the term.

Medium of Instruction: The medium of instruction for the course shall be English.

Qualification of Teachers: With minimum undergraduate and postgraduate degree in

Microbiology (B. Sc. and M. Sc. Microbiology) and qualified as per UGC regulations.

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

Equivalences for the New Courses (w. e. f. from 2015-16)

with Old Courses (from 2010-11) in Microbiology
T. Y. B. Sc. Microbiology

Semester III Semester IV Practical Courses

New Course Old Course New Course Old Course New Course Old Course
Paper Course Title Paper Course Title Paper Course Title Paper Course Title Paper Course Title Paper Course Title
MB Medical MB Medical MB Medical MB Medical
331 Microbiology 331 Microbiology 341 Microbiology 341 Microbiology
MB 347 MB 347
-I -I - II - II
Practical course – I Practical course – I
MB Genetics & MB Genetics and MB Genetics & MB Genetics and
Applied Microbiology Applied Microbiology
332 Molecular 332 Molecular 342 Molecular 342 Molecular
Biology - I Biology - I Biology - II Biology - II
MB Enzymology MB Enzymology MB Metabolism MB Metabolism MB 348 MB 348
333 333 343 343
Practical course – II Practical course – II
MB Immunology - MB Immunology - MB Immunology - MB Immunology - Biochemistry & Biochemistry &
334 I 334 I 344 II 344 II Molecular Biology Genetics
MB Fermentation MB Fermentation MB Fermentation MB Fermentation MB 349 MB 349
335 Technology -I 335 Technology -I 345 Technology - 345 Technology -
II II Practical course – III Practical course – III

MB Food & Dairy MB Food & dairy MB Agricultural & MB Soil & Diagnostic Diagnostic
336 Microbiology 336 Microbiology 346 Environmental 346 Agricultural Microbiology & Microbiology &
Microbiology Microbiology Immunology Immunology

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

Course Structure
T. Y. B. Sc. Microbiology

Theory Courses
Semester III Semester IV
Paper Course Title Internal University Paper Course Title Internal University
Exam Exam Exam Exam
Marks Marks Marks Marks
Medical Medical
MB MB
Microbiology 10 40 Microbiology 10 40
331 341
-I - II
Genetics & Genetics &
MB MB
Molecular 10 40 Molecular 10 40
332 342
Biology - I Biology - II
MB Enzymology MB Metabolism
10 40 10 40
333 343
MB Immunology MB Immunology -
10 40 10 40
334 -I 344 II
Fermentation Fermentation
MB MB
Technology - 10 40 Technology - 10 40
335 345
I II
Food & Agricultural &
MB MB
Dairy 10 40 Environmental 10 40
336 346
Microbiology Microbiology

Practical Courses
Paper Course Title Internal University
Exam Marks Exam Marks
Practical course – I
MB 347 20 80
Applied Microbiology
Practical course – II
MB 348 Biochemistry & Molecular 20 80
Biology
Practical course – III
MB 349 Diagnostic Microbiology & 20 80
Immunology

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 331: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY - I

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Introduction to infectious diseases of following human body systems: 10
(Brief anatomy and physiology, Diseases, Pathogens and Symptoms )
a. Respiratory system
b. Gastrointestinal system
c. Kidney and Liver
d. Genital system
e. Central nervous system
II Epidemiology: 10
a. Definition, scope and applications
b. Incidence and prevalence rates, mortality and morbidity rates
c. Disease distribution based on time, place and person
d. Case control and cohort studies – study design and application
e. Principle and methods – Clinical trials of drugs and vaccines
(Randomized control trials Concurrent parallel and cross-over trials)
f. Epidemiology of infectious diseases
i. Sources and reservoirs of infection
ii. Modes of transmission of infections
iii. Disease prevention and control measures
III Study of following groups of bacterial pathogens: (with respect to - 28
Classification and Biochemical characters, Antigenic structure, Viability
characteristics, Pathogenicity, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Laboratory
diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and Chemotherapy):
i. Enteric pathogens (E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter,
Vibrio)
ii. Pneumococci and Neiserria
iii. Pyogenic organisms – Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas
iv. Spirochetes – Treponema, Leptospira
v. Clostridium tetani and Clostridium perfringens
vi. Bacillus anthracis
vii. Acinetobacter spp.
viii. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
ix. Rickettsia

MB – 341: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY - II

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Chemotherapy: 20
1. Introduction to chemotherapy
2. Desirable parameters of chemotherapeutic agent (Selective toxicity,
Bioavailability of Drug, MIC, MBC, LD-50 value, routes of drug
administration)
3. Mode of action of antimicrobial agents on:
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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

a. Bacteria:
i. Cell wall (Beta lactams [1st to 6th Generation- e.g. Meropenem,
Imipenem Piperacillin], Tazobactam, Cycloserine, Bacitracin)
ii. Cell membrane (Polymyxin, Monensin)
iii. Protein synthesis (Streptomycin, Tetracycline)
iv. Nucleic acids (Nalidixic acid, Rifamycin, Quinolones)
v. Enzyme inhibitors (Trimethoprim)
b. Fungi:
(Griseofulvin, Nystatin, Amphotericin B, Anidulafungin,
Voriconazole)
c. Viruses:
(Acyclovir, Zidovudine, Oseltamivir)
d. Protozoa:
(Metronidazole, Mepacrine)

4. Resistance to antibiotics:
i. Development of antibiotic resistance (e.g. ESBL, VRE, MRSA)
ii. Reasons and Mechanisms of drug resistance
iii. Antibiotics misuse
II a. Introduction to cultivation of viruses: 2
b. Study of following groups of viral pathogens (with respect to – Virion 16
characteristics, Viability characteristics, Pathogenicity, Pathogenesis,
Symptoms, Laboratory diagnosis including serological diagnosis,
Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and Chemotherapy):
i. HIV
ii. Polio virus
iii. Hemorrhagic viruses (Dengue, Ebola)
iv. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B viruses
v. Influenza virus (human, swine and bird)
vi. FMD virus and Rinderpest virus
vii. Japanese encephalitis virus
viii. Rota virus
ix. Rhabdoviruses (Rabies)
x. Herpes Virus (simplex, zoster)
xi. Oncogenic viruses (DNA, RNA)
III Study of following groups of parasites (with respect to – Classification, Life 5
cycle, Morphological characteristics, Viability characteristics, Pathogenicity,
Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Laboratory diagnosis (Serological diagnosis
wherever applicable), Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and Chemotherapy):
a. Plasmodium
b. Entamoeba
c. Giardia
IV Study of following groups of Candida and Non-Candida fungal pathogens 5
(with respect to – Morphological and cultural characteristics, Classification,
Pathogenicity, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Laboratory diagnosis, Epidemiology,
Prophylaxis and Chemotherapy)

References:
1. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L, 1992. Microbiology: An introduction 5th Edition,
Benjamin Pub. Co. NY
2. Roitt, P.I: Mims, C.J. Medical Microbiology
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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

3. Chakraborty, P., 2003 A textbook of Microbiology, 2nd Edition New Central Book
Agency, India.
4. Medical Microbiology edited by Samuel Baron. Fourth edition. (University of Texas
Medical Branch of Galvesion)
5. Sherris, John C, Ed, Medical Microbiology: an Introduction to infectious diseases.
Elsevier Publication IInd edition.
6. Virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens (Second edition) by Roth, Bolin, Brogden
Minion and Michael.
7. Ganti, A. Sastry.1975. Veterinary Pathology. Seventh Edition. Revised by P. Rama Rao.
8. Davis B.D., Delbacco, 1990 Microbiology 4th edition, J.B. Lippincott Co. NY
9. Wolfgang K. Joklik, 1992, Zinsser Microbiology 20th Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional
Publishing.
10. Dey, N.C and Dey, TK. 1988, Medical Bacteriology, Allied Agency, Calcutta, 17th
Edition
11. Ananthnarayana, R. and C.E, Jayaram Panikar, 1996 Text book of microbiology, 5th
edition, Orient Longman.
12. Park and Park, Preventive and Social medicine. 2013, Publisher: Banarsidas Bhanot,
Jabalpur
13. David Greenwood, 1995, Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 3rd Edition, Oxford University
Press.
14. Franklin, T.J and Snow, G. A. 2012, Biochemistry of Antimicrobial Action. Springer
Science & Business Media
15. Mukherjee, K.L 1988 Medical Laboratory Technology, Vol III, 10th Edition, Tata Mc.
Graw-Hill Pub Co

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 332: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - I

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Gene Linkage and crossing over: 10
a. Mendelian laws,
b. Recombination in eukaryotes Double Strand Break (DSB) model
c. Gene linkage and cross over
d. Chromosome mapping, Recombination frequency, Map unit
e. Mapping Chromosome by Tetrad analysis
f. Mapping Chromosome by Para sexual cycle
II DNA Replication: 7
a. Single replicon
b. Bidirectional movement of replication fork. Ori C,
c. Prepriming and Priming reaction.
d. DNA polymerases, DNA synthesis of leading, lagging strand
e. Okazaki fragments.
f. Termination- Ter sequence, Tus protein
g. Mismatched repair
III Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription: 11
a. Structure of Promotors
b. Structure and role of RNA polymerases.
c. Initiation, elongation and termination
d. Post transcriptional modification
e. Regulation of transcription
f. Introduction to RNA splicing
IV Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation: 8
a. Role of m-RNA, t-RNA and Ribosomes in translation
b. Synthesis of amino acyl tRNA
c. Initiation, elongation, translocation and termination of protein
d. Regulation of translation
V Guidelines for gene manipulation: 4
a. History of recombinant DNA technology - Potential uses and biohazards
b. Safety guidelines for recombinant DNA technology laboratory set up
VI Techniques used in recombinant DNA technology: 8
a. Isolation and purification of genomic DNA
b. Agarose gel electrophoresis
c. Blotting- Southern, Northern and Western

MB – 342: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - II

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Gene transfer by transformation: 5
a. Development of competence in Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria.
b. Process of transformation in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

c. Factors affecting transformation.

d. Mapping of chromosome by co-transformation.
II Gene transfer by transduction: 4
a. Process of generalized transduction.
b. Process of specialized transduction.
c. Mapping by Co-transduction.
III Gene transfer by conjugation: 5
a. Properties of F plasmid,
b. F+, F-, Hfr and F′ strains
c. Process of conjugation between F+ and F- and Hfr and F-
d. Mapping of conjugant's by interruptedmating experiment.
IV DNA damage and repair: 8
a. DNA damage by hydrolysis, deamination, alkylation oxidation and
radiation
b. Base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair
c. Recombinational repair
d. Photoreactivation
e. Translesion DNA synthesis
V Recombination and Mutants in Bacteriophages 10
a. Bacteriophage mutants
i. Plaque morphology
ii. Conditional lethal (Ts and Am) mutants
iii. Deletion Mutants
b. Deletion Mapping using bacteriophage deletion mutants
c. Benzer`s spot tests
d. Genetic Complementation
i. Cis-trans test of genetic function
ii. Intercistronic (rII locus of T4 phage)
iii. Intracistronic (β galactosidase)
VI Tools of Recombinant DNA technology: 8
a. Vectors used: Plasmids, Viral DNA, cosmids, phagemids, PACs, BACs,
YACs, Expression vectors
b. Restriction Enzymes
c. Insertion of foreign DNA in hosts
d. Genomic and c DNA library
e. Concept of a clone and probe
VII Generation of recombinant DNA molecule: 8
a. Cutting and joining the DNA molecules.
b. Methods to transfer recombinant DNA into host cells.
c. Methods of screening the cells containing the recombinant DNA.
d. Identification of clones using probes

References:

1. Bruce A. (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edn. Publisher: Garland Science,
New York.
2. David Freidfelder, (1987).Molecular Biology, 2nd Edn. Jones & Bartlett Pub.
3. Gardner, Simmons, Snustad. (2006), Principles of Genetics, 8th Edn.John Wiley & Sons.
Inc. New York.
4. Gunther S. Stent, (1978), Molecular Genetics: An Introductory Narrative, 2nd Edn. W.H.
Freeman & Co.
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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

5. Hayes, W. (1964), The Genetics of Bacteria and their Viruses, CBS Pub. New Delhi.
6. James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell, Alexander Gann, Michael
Levine, Richard Losick, (2013 ), Molecular Biology of the Gene, 7th Edn. Pearson
Publishers.
7. Jocelyn E. Krebs, Elliott S. Goldstein, Stephen T. Kilpatrick, (2012) Lewin's GENES
XI , 11th Edn. Jones &Bartlett Learning
8. Lodish H. et al. (2012), Molecular Cell Biology, 7th Edn. W. H. Freeman & Company.
New York.
9. Primrose, S. B. (2002).Principles of Gene Manipulation6th Edn. Oxford: Blackwell
Scientific Publications
10. Russel Peter. (2009), iGenetics: A Molecular Approach, 3rd Edn. Publisher Benjamin
Cummings
11. Russel, Peter, (1990), Essential Genetics, 7thEdn. Blackwell Science Pub.
12. Stanier, R. Y. (1987), General Microbiology, 5th Edition, Macmillan Pub. Co. NY
13. Strickberger, M.W. (1985), Genetics, 3rd Edition Macmillan Pub. Co. NY.

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 333: ENZYMOLOGY
Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Enzymes: 5
a. Structure of enzymes: Methods to determine amino acid residues at active
site (Physical and chemical methods)
b. Role of cofactors in metabolism: 6
Occurrence, Structure and Biochemical functions of the following:
i. Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) and the Pyrimidine nucleotides.
ii. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and the Flavin nucleotides
iii. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) and Thiamine Pyrophosphate
iv. Pantothenic acid and coenzyme A
v. Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6)
vi. Metal ions
II Enzyme assays: 4
a. Principles of enzyme assays: Sampling methods and continuous assay
b. Enzymes assays with examples by:
i. Spectrophotometric methods
ii. Spectroflurometric methods
iii. Radioisotope assay
III Principles and Methods of Enzyme purification: 12
a. Methods of cell fractionation
b. Principles and methods of enzyme purification:
i. Based on molecular size
ii. Based on charge
iii. Based on solubility differences
iv. Based on specific binding property and selective adsorption
c. Criteria for purity: SDS-PAGE, ultracentrifugation, and construction of
purification chart
d. Characterization of enzymes:
i. Determination of Molecular weight based on:
Ultracentrifugation, SDS-PAGE, gel filtration
ii. Stability of enzyme activity at pH and temperature
IV Enzyme Kinetics: 10
a. Concept and use of initial velocity
b. Michaelis Menton equation for the initial velocity of single substrate
enzyme catalyzed reaction. Brigg’s Haldane modification of Michaelis
Menton equation. Michaelis Menton plot. Definition with significance
of Km, Ks, Vmax
c. Different plots for plotting Kinetic data:
i. Lineweaver and Burk plot
ii. Hanes plot
iii. Eadie Hofstee plot
iv. Eisanthal, Cornish-Bowden plot
d. Concepts and types of Enzyme Inhibitions
V Metabolic Regulations: 9
i. Enzyme compartmentalization at cellular level
ii. Allosteric enzymes
iii. Feedback mechanisms

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iv. Covalently modified regulatory enzymes (e.g. Glycogen

phosphorylase)
v. Proteolytic activation of zymogens
vi. Isozymes - concept and examples
vii. Multienzyme complex e.g. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDH)
VI Immobilization of enzymes: 2
Concept, methods of immobilization and applications

MB – 343: METABOLISM
Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Membrane transport mechanisms: 6
i. Passive transport - Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated transport
ii. Active transport - Active transport systems in bacteria
iii. Group translocation of sugars in bacteria
iv. Ionophores: Mechanism and examples
II Bioenergetics: 16
i. Laws of thermodynamics
ii. Concepts of free energy, entropy, high energy compounds:
Pyrophosphate, enolic phosphates, acyl phosphates, thioester
compounds, and guanidinium compounds
iii. Mitochondrial electron transport chain: components, arrangement of
different components in the inner membrane, structure and function of
ATP synthatase, inhibitors and uncouplers of ETC and oxidative
phosphorylation, energetics of mitochondrial electron transfer chain
III Biosynthesis and Degradation: 18
a. Chemistry, concept of polymerization of macromolecules:
Polysaccharides. (Starch, glycogen and peptidoglycan) and Lipids
(Fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids)
b. Degradation of macromolecules – Polysaccharides (starch,
glycogenand cellulose), Lipids (fatty acids oxidation) and Proteins
(urea cycle)
IV Bacterial Photosynthesis: 8
i. Habitat and examples of photosynthetic bacteria
ii. Photosynthetic apparatus
iii. Oxygenic and Anoxygenic mechanisms
iv. Calvin cycle and its regulation

References:
1. Nelson D. L. and Cox M. M. (2002) Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, Mac Millan
Worth Pub. Co. New Delhi
2. Segel Irvin H. (1997). Biochemical Calculations. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New
York.
3. Garrett, R. H. and Grisham, C. M. (2004) Biochemistry. 3rd Ed. Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Company, California.
4. Conn Eric, Stumpf Paul K., Bruuening George, Doi Roy H., (1987) Outlines of
Biochemistry 5th Ed , John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.
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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

5. Palmer Trevor (2001) Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical chemistry,

Horwood Pub. Co. Chinchester, England.
6. White David (2000) Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes. 2nd Ed. Oxford
University Press, New York.
7. David A. Hall & Krishna Rao (1999) Photosynthesis (Studies in Biology) 6th Edition,
Cambridge University Press, London

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 334: IMMUNOLOGY – I

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Immunity: Definition and Classification 2
II Formation of blood cells: 2
Erythrocytic, myelocytic, monocytic and lymphocytic lineages and
differentiation process, lymphocyte types and subsets
III Organs of immune system:
a. Primary lymphoid organs (Thymus and Bursa): 3
Thymus – structure, thymic education (positive and negative
selection)
b. Secondary lymphoid organs – structure and function of spleen and 3
lymph node, mucous associated lymphoid tissue; response of
secondary lymphoid organs to antigen, lymphatic system and lymph
circulation
IV Innate immunity: Non specific mechanisms of defense
a. First line of defense – Physical, chemical and biological barriers 1
b. Second line of defense:
i. Humoral components: Defensins, pattern recognition proteins 2
(PRP) and pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),
complement, kinins, acute phase reactants.
ii. Cellular components: Phagocytic cells – PMNL, macrophages 2
(reticulo-endothelial cell system) and dendritic cells
iii. Functions: Phagocytosis (oxygen dependent and independent 6
systems), Complement activation (Classical, Alternative and
lectin pathway), Coagulation system, Inflammation (cardinal
signs, mediators, vascular and cellular changes, role of Toll-like
receptors)
V Antigen:
a. Concepts and factors affecting immunogenecity 2
b. Antigenic determinants, haptens and cross-reactivity, Carriers, 2
Adjuvants
c. Types of antigens: Thymus-dependent and thymus-independent 2
antigens, Synthetic antigens, Soluble and particulate antigens,
Autoantigens, Isoantigens
VI Immunoglobulins:
a. Structure of basic unit, chemical and biological properties 2
b. Characteristic of domain structure, functions of light and heavy 1
chain domains
c. Antigenic nature of immunoglobulin molecules 1
d. Molecular basis of antibody diversity (kappa chain, lambda chain 2
and heavy chain diversity)
VII Adaptive / Acquired Immunity (Third line of defense):
1. Humoral Immune Response
a. Primary and secondary response kinetics, significance in vaccination 3
programs
b. Antigen processing and presentation (MHC class I and class II 6
restriction pathways), cell-cell interactions and adhesion molecules,

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

response to super-antigens, role of cytokines in activation and

differentiation of B-cells
2. Cell Mediated Immune Response 3
a. Activation and differentiation of T cells
b. Mechanism of CTL mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC
c. Significance of CMI
VIII Transplantation and Immunity 3
a. Types of Grafts,
b. Allograft rejection mechanisms
c. Prevention of allograft rejection

MB – 344: IMMUNOLOGY – II

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Major Histocompatibility Complex: 6
a. Structure of MHC in man and mouse
b. Structure and functions of MHC class–I and class–II molecules
c. Polymorphism of MHC molecules
d. MHC antigen typing (microcytoxicity and mixed lymphocyte
reaction)
II Cytokines: 3
Types, General characters and role in immune activation - Interferons,
Interleukins and TNFs
III Antigen- Antibody Interactions 12
Principles of interactions: Antibody affinity and avidity, ratio of antigen
antibody, lattice hypothesis and two stage theory, antigen-antibody
reaction kinetics (dialysis equilibrium experiment)
Visualization of antigen antibody complexes
a. Precipitation reactions: in fluid and in gel, immunoelectrophoresis
b. Agglutination reactions: hemagglutination, bacterial agglutination,
passive agglutination and agglutination-inhibition
c. Immunofluorescence techniques: direct and indirect, FACS
d. ELISA, biotin-avidin system,
e. RIA
f. Jerne’s hemolytic plaque assay, ELISpot assay
IV Immunohematology 10
a. Systems of blood group antigens
b. ABO system - Biochemistry of blood group substances, Bombay
blood group, Inheritance of ABH antigens
c. Rh system
d. Laboratory methods of blood group typing, Coomb’s test
e. Medico-legal applications of blood groups
f. Blood banking practices, transfusion reactions
V Public health immunology
a. Types of vaccines and antisera 2
b. Immunization schedules: principles, schedules in developing and 2
developed countries
VI Hypersensitivity

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a. Immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity 2

b. Gell and Coomb’s classification of hypersensitivity – mechanism 4
with examples for type I, II, III and IV
c. Autoimmunity – Types, Immunopathological mechanisms, Theories 4
of origin of autoimmunity, Pathophysiology (mechanism of
symptom generation) of Myasthenia gravis and Rheumatoid arthritis,
Therapeutic immunosuppression for autoimmunity
VII Hybridoma Technology and Monoclonal Antibodies 2
a. Preparation, HAT selection and propagation of hybridomas secreting
monoclonal antibodies
b. Applications of monoclonal antibodies 1

References:
1. Abul K. Abbas and Andrew H. Lichtman. Basic Immunology- Functions and Disorders of
Immune System. 2nd Ed. 2004. Saunders. Elsevier Inc. PA. USA.
2. Aderem, A., and Underhill, D.M.: Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages. Annu. Rev.
Immunol. 1999, 17:593–623.
3. Austin J. M. and Wood K. J. (1993) Principles of Molecular and Cellular Immunology,
Oxford University Press, London
4. Barret James D. (1983) Text Book of Immunology 4th edition, C. V. Mosby & Co. London.
5. Biotechnology by open learning series (BIOTOL), (1993), Defense Mechanisms,
Butterworth and Heinemann Ltd., Oxford
6. Bohlson, S.S., Fraser, D.A., and Tenner, A.J.: Complement proteins C1q and MBL are
pattern recognition molecules that signal immediate and long-term protective immune
functions. Mol. Immunol. 2007, 44:33–43.
7. Chatterji C. C. (1992) Human Physiology Vol. 1 &2, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta.
8. De Smet, K., and Contreras, R.: Human antimicrobial peptides: defensins, cathelicidins and
histatins. Biotechnol. Lett. 2005, 27:1337–1347.
9. Ganz, T.: Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003,
3:710–720.
10. Garrison Fathman, Luis Soares, Steven M. Cha1 & Paul J. Utz, (2005), An array of
possibilities for the study of autoimmunity, Nature Rev., 435|2:605-611Bendelac Albert, Paul
B. Savage, and Luc Teyton, (2007)
11. Guyton A. C. and Hall J. E. (1996) Text Book of Medical Physiology, Goel Book Agency,
Bangalore.
12. Janeway Charles A., Paul Travers, Mark Walport, Mark Shlomchik. IMMUNOBIOLOGY
INTERACTIVE. 2005. Garland Science Publishing. USA.
13. Kindt T. J., Goldsby R. A., Osborne B. A., 2007, Kuby Immunology 6th Ed. W. H. Freeman
& Co., New York
14. Pathak S. S. and Palan V. (1997) Immunology - Essential and Fundamental, Pareen
Publications Bombay.
15. Roitt Evan, Brostoff J. Male D. (1993) Immunology 6th Ed., Mosby & Co. London.
16. Roitt I. M. (1988) Essentials of Immunology, ELBS, London.
17. Roitt M. (1984) Essentials of Immunology, P. G. Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
18. Stites D. P., Stobo J. D., Fudenberg H. H. and Wells J. V., (1982), Basic and Clinical
Immunology, 4th Ed., Lange Medical Publications, Maruzen Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore
19. Talwar G. P. (1983) Handbook of Immunology, Vikas Publishing Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
20. Zanetti, M.: The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defense of mammals. Curr. Issues
Mol. Biol. 2005, 7:179–196.
21. Zeev Pancer and Max D. Cooper, (2006), The Evolution of Adaptive Immunity, Ann. Rev.
Immunol., 24: 497–518
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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 335: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY – I

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Strain Improvement: 9
a. Objective of strain improvement
b. Methods for strain improvement:
i. selection of different types of mutants
ii. application of rDNA technology
II Media optimization: 4
a. Classical approach – One factor at a time, Full factorial design
b. Placket & Burman design
c. Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
III Sterilization of Media: 4
a. Methods of sterilization
b. Batch sterilization and Continuous sterilization
c. Concept and derivation of Del factor
IV Scale-up and Scale-down: 5
a. Objective of scale-up
b. Levels of fermentation (laboratory, pilot-plant and production levels)
c. Criteria of scale-up for critical parameters (aeration and agitation,
broth rheology and sterilization)
d. Scale-down
V Principles and methods of downstream processing: 9
a. Cell disruption
b. Filtration
c. Centrifugation
d. Liquid-liquid extraction
e. Distillation
f. Ion exchange chromatography
g. Drying
VI Quality assurance (QA) of fermentation product: 12
a. Detection and Quantification of the product by physicochemical,
biological and enzymatic methods
b. Sterility testing
c. Pyrogen testing – Endotoxin detection
d. Ames test and modified Ames test
e. Toxicity testing
f. Shelf life determination
VII Fermentation economics: 3
Contribution of various expense heads to a process (Recurring and non
recurring expenditures) citing any suitable example.
Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) - Types of IPR
2

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 345: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY – II

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Introduction to Solid State Fermentation and Submerged Fermentation 2
II Large scale production of:
a. Primary Metabolites:
i. Vitamins (B12 and Riboflavin) 4
ii. Amino acid - Glutamic acid, Lysine 4
iii. Organic acids (Citric acid, Vinegar and Lactic acid) 6
b. Secondary metabolites:
i. Ethanol and alcoholic Beverages (Beer and Wine) 6
ii. Antibiotics (Penicillin and Streptomycin) 5

c. Enzymes (Amylase, Esterases and Proteases) 6

d. Microbial transformation of steroids 2

e. Biomass based products:

i. Yeast: Baker’s and Distiller’s yeast 3
ii. Mushroom production 2
f. Milk products: Cheese and Yogurt 3

g. Vaccines (Polio, Tetanus and Rabies) 3

h. Immune sera 2

References:

1. A. H. Patel. (1985), Industrial Microbiology, Macmillan India Ltd.

2. Bioreactor Design and Product Yield (1992), BIOTOL series, Butterworths Heinemann.
3. Casida, L. E., (1984), Industrial Microbiology, Wiley Easterbs, New Delhi
4. Dilip K. Arora editor, Fungal Biotechnology in agriculture, food and environmental
applications (Mycology), 2005. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. Basel
5. Indian Pharmacopia and British Pharmacopia (Latest Edn).
6. Lydersen B., N. a. D’ Elia and K. M. Nelson (Eds.) (1993) Bioprocess Engineering:
Syatems, Equipment and Facilities, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
7. Operational Modes of Bioreactors, (1992) BIOTOL series, Butterworths Heinemann.
8. Peppler, H. L (1979), Microbial Technology, Vol I and II, Academic Press, New York.
9. Peter F. Stanbury. Principles Of Fermentation Technology, 2E, Elsevier (A Division of
Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Limited), 2009
10. Prescott, S.C. and Dunn, C. G., (1983) Industrial Microbiology, Reed G. AVI tech
books.
11. Reed G. Ed. Prescott and Dunn’s Industrial Microbiology. 4th Ed., CBS Pub. New Delhi.
12. Shuichi and Aiba. Biochemical Engineering. Academic Press. 1982.
13. Stanbury, P. F. and Whittaker, A. (1984) Principles of Fermentation technology,
Pergamon press.
14. Sudhir U. Meshram, Ganghdhar B Shinde, Applied biotechnology. I.K. International Pvt.
Ltd. 2009

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

15. Van Damme E. J. (1984) Biotechnology of Industrial Antibiotics, Marcel Dekker Inc.
New York.
16. Wiseman A.(1985) Topics in Enzyme and Fermentation - Biotechnology, Vol. 1 and 2,
John Wiley and Sons, New York

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 336: FOOD AND DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY
3. Dairy Development in India: 2
Role of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), National Dairy
Research Institute (NDRI), Military dairy farm, Indian Dairy
Corporation (IDC), Dairy Co-operatives, Milk Grid, Operation Flood.
4. Milk Chemistry and Constituents: 5
a. Definition and Composition of milk
b. Types of Milk (skimmed, toned and homogenized).
c. Concept of clean milk
d. Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk.
e. Nutritive value of milk
f. Physico-Chemical properties of milk.
5. Microbiology of milk: 8
a. Common micro-organisms found in milk
b. Fermentation and spoilage of milk
c. Milk borne diseases
6. Preservation of Milk by Pasteurization & its storage: 3
a. Methods of Pasteurization – LTH, HTST, UHT
b. Storage specifications after pasteurization
c. Phosphatase test and its significance
7. Microbial analysis of milk: 4
a. Dye reduction test (using methylene blue and resazurin)
b. Total bacterial count.
c. Brucella ring test and tests for mastitis.
d. Somatic cell count
II FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
1. Classification of Foods based on stability: 1
Perishable, Semi-perishable & stable
2. Food spoilage: 5
a. Chemical and physical properties of food affecting microbial growth
b. Sources of food spoilage micro-organisms
c. Spoilage of
i. Meat and Poultry products
ii. Bread
iii. Fruits and Vegetables
iv. Eggs
v. Sea foods
vi. Canned foods
c. Food preservation: 5
a. Principles of food preservation
b. Thermal destruction of bacteria - use of low temperature and high
temperature.
c. Determination of TDP, TDT, D, F, and Z values
d. Use of chemicals and antibiotics in food preservation
e. Canning

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

f. Dehydration
g. Use of radiations
h. Principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)-
i. Introduction to Tetrapack technology
4. Microbial food poisoning and food infection: 4
a. Food poisoning by:
i. Staphylococcus aureus
ii. Campylobacter
iii. Clostridium botulinum
iv. Aspergillus flavus
b. Food infection by :
i. Salmonella typhimurium
ii. Vibrio parahemolyticus
5. Fermented foods: 4
a. Definition and Types
b. Significance of fermented foods (probiotic characteristics of lactic
acid bacteria)
c. Fermentation of Idli batter, butter
6. Applications of genetically modified microorganisms: 5
a. Starter cultures
b. Genetically modified foods
i. Food grade Bio-preservatives
ii. Recombinant Dairy enzymes / Proteins
7. Food Sanitation and regulation 2

MB – 346: AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

MICROBIOLOGY
Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Lectures
I Agriculture Technology: 14
1. Plant growth improvement with respect to:
a. Disease resistance
b. Environmental tolerance
2. Methods of plant disease control
a. Chemical control
b. Eradication
c. Biological control (employing bacterial and fungal cultures)
d. Integrated pest management
e. Development of insect resistant plants (BT crops)
f. Application of viral proteins in controlling plant viral diseases
g. Antisense RNA technology in plant disease control
h. RNA interference (RNAi) in controlling plant pathogens
i. Mycoviruses acting against fungal plant pathogens
II Biochemistry and production of bio-fertilizers with respect to: 8
a. Nitrogen Fixation
i. Nonsymbiotic Nitrogen fixation : Diazotrophy, role of
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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

nitrogenase and hydrogenase, mechanism of nitrogen fixation

ii. Symbiotic Nitrogen fixation : Establishment of symbiosis,
Nodule development, mechanism of nitrogen fixation in root
nodules
iii. Nod genes, Nif genes, Nif gene cloning,
b. Phosphate solubilization
c. Potassium mobilization
d. Iron chelation
III Bioremediation and Waste Water Treatment: 12
1. Bioremediation:
Definition, Role of plants & Microbes in Bioremediation of:
a. Hydrocarbons
b. Industrial Wastes: (Dyes, Paper & Pulp, Heavy metals, Dairy,
Distillery , Tannery
c. Xenobiotics
2. Bioaugmentation:
a. Definition
b. Use of microbial cultures and enzymes for bioaugmentation
c. Applications
3. Genetically Modified Microorganisms in Bioremediation
4. Biosorption
IV Bioleaching: 6
a. Microorganisms used
b. Bioleaching process
c. Bioleaching of - Copper, Iron, Manganese, Gold, Silver
d. Advantages of Bioleaching
V Introduction to Nanobiotechnology: 2
Synthesis of Nanoparticles using microorganisms and its’ applications
VI Microbial Biosensors and Biochips in Environmental Monitoring: 3
a. Definition, components, types, advantages & limitations
b. Application of Biosensors and Biochips
VII Biofuel cells and Biodegradable plastic: 2
VIII Bioterrorism 1

References:

1. Ajay Singh, Owen P. Ward, 2004 edition, Applied Bioremediation and Phytoremediation
(Soil Biology). Springer;
2. Banwart G. J. (1989). Basic Food microbiology, 2nd Edn. Chapman and Hall.
International Thompson Publishing.
3. Charles R. Lane, Paul Beales, Kelvin J. D. Hughes (2012). Fungal Plant Pathogens.1st
Edn. CABI Publishing.
4. Clarence Henry Eckles, Willes Barnes Combs, Harold Macy (1943). Milk and milk
products, 4th Ed. McGraw-Hill book Company, Incorporated.
5. David S. Ingram, N.F. Robertson (1999). Plant Disease.1st Edn.: Collins
6. George Nicholas Agrios (2005).Plant Pathology.5th Edn. Academic Press Inc.
7. James M. Jay, Martin J. Loessner, David A. Golden (2005). Modern food microbiology,
7th Edn. Springer Science & Business.
8. John Postgate, (1998). Nitrogen Fixation. Cambridge University Press
9. K. S. Bilgrami, H. C. Dube (1984).A textbook of modern plant pathology. 7th Edn.

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

10. Martin Alexander (1999). Biodegradation and Bioremediation. Academic Press

11. Matthew Dickinson, (2003). Molecular Plant Pathology. Garland Publishing Inc.
12. N. S. Subba Rao. (1995). Soil Microorganisms and Plant growth. 3rd Edn. Science Pub
Inc
13. R. Barry King, John K. Sheldon, Gilbert M. Long, 1997 Practical Environmental
Bioremediation: The Field Guide, 2nd Edn. CRC Press
14. Sukumar. De (2001). Outlines of Dairy Technology. 1st Ed. Oxford University Press
Delhi.
15. Vani Educational Books, a division of Vikas publishing house. New Delhi.
16. William C. Frazier, Dennis C. Westhoff, N. M. Vanitha (2013). Food Microbiology,
5thEdn.McGraw-Hill Education (India).

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 347: PRACTICAL COURSE – I

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Practical
I Screening and isolation of pesticide degrading microorganisms from soil. 2
II Isolation and identification of lactic cultures up to genus level 2
III Laboratory scale fermentation, estimation, product recovery and yield 2
calculation of ethanol / organic acid (any one)
IV Quality assurance tests:
a. Antibiotic and growth factor assay (agar gel diffusion technique) 2
b. Sterility testing of non-biocidal injectables 1
V MIC and MBC of Antibacterial compounds 2
VI Tests for Milk and Dairy products 4
a. Phosphatase test
b. MBRT test
c. Test for mastitis
d. Milk fat estimation
e. Standard Plate Count (for milk / milk product e.g. milk powder)
f. Direct Microscopic count
g. Somatic cell count
VII Enrichment, Isolation, Preparation and Application of Bioinoculants (e.g. 2
Azo-Rhizo / Blue Green Algae (cyanobacteria), phosphate solubilizer -
anyone)
VIII Isolation and identification of Xanthomonas spp. from infected sample 1
IX Isolation and identification of Aspergillus spp. from onions infected with 1
Black Mould
X Antifungal activity of Lactic acid bacteria. 1
XI Microscopic examination of Fungi causing Rust and Smut infections in 1
Plants (Demonstration)
XII Dye removal from wastes by dead microbial Biomass 1
XIII Biosynthesis of nanoparticles 1
XIV Visit to a Dairy / Fermentation industry / Agriculture college and preparation 1
of visit report

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 348: PRACTICAL COURSE – II

BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Practical
I Determination of absorption spectra and molar extinction co-efficient 1
(by colorimetry/ spectrophotometry)
II Clinical Biochemistry - Estimations of: 4
a. blood sugar
b. blood urea
c. serum cholesterol
d. serum proteins and albumin
III Qualitative analytical tests for proteins and carbohydrates 2
IV Preparation of buffers 1
V Paper chromatography 1
VI Quantitative biochemical techniques: 3
a. Estimation of total carbohydrates by Phenol-sulfuric acid method
b. Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA method
c. Estimation of proteins by Folin Lowry method
VII Enzyme production: 5
a. Screening of amylase producing organisms
b. Production of amylase using these isolates
c. Precipitation of amylase from fermentation broth
d. d. Determination of specific activity of crude and purified amylase
VIII Isolation and enumeration of bacteriophages and study of phage morphology 2
IX Genomic (bacterial) DNA isolation and detection 1
X Isolation of plasmid DNA and gel electrophoresis (demonstration) 2
XI Transformation of E. coli and selection of recombinants 1
XII Visit to a research institute involved in biochemical / biotechnology research 1
and preparation of visit report

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 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY T. Y. B. SC MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS

MB – 349: PRACTICAL COURSE – III

DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Sr. No. of
Topic
No. Practical
I Clinical microbiology:
a. Physical, Chemical and Microscopic examination of Clinical samples 3
– urine, stool, pus, sputum
b. Isolation, identification of following pathogens from clinical 8
samples:
E. coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella
spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp.
(for identification use of keys as well as Bergey’s Manual is
recommended)
Antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates (for Gram negative and
Gram Positive)
c. Study of growth characters of isolated pathogens on following media: 1
Mannitol Salt Agar, Wilson Blair agar, Salmonella Shigella agar,
Glucose azide medium, Cetrimide agar, TSI agar
II Demonstration of permanent slides of following parasites: 1
a. Entamoeba histolytica
b. Ascaris spp.
c. Plasmodium spp.
d. Mycobacterium( tuberculosis and leprae)
III Epidemiological survey: 2
Development of hypothesis, Data collection, organization, statistical
analysis, graphical representation using computers and interpretation,
Preparation of report
IV Hemogram: 3
a. Estimation of hemoglobin (Acid hematin and Cyan-methemoglobin
method)
b. ESR and PCV determination,
c. White blood cell differential count from peripheral blood
d. Counting of RBCs and WBCs using counting chamber
e. Calculation of hematological indices
V Immunohematology: 2
Blood group typing by slide test and tube test for ABO and Rh systems,
Cross-matching, Coomb’s test
VI Agglutination tests: 1
Widal test, RPR test
VII Immunoprecipitation: 1
Double diffusion (Ouchterlony) technique
VIII Demonstrations of: 1
a. Serum protein separation by electrophoresis
b. ELISA ( Antigen/ Antibody detection)
c. iii. egg inoculation technique
IX Visit to blood bank and preparation of visit report 1

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