GATE 2016 - PE Solutions1

GATE AIOTS PE (India’s Best Institute for Petroleum Engineers)
GATE 2016 PAPER ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS

(Note: If you have any doubts regarding solutions kindly send your query we would love to help you)
Marks Analysis
SUBJECT NO OF QUES. Level of Total Marks
Toughness
Engineering 1M: 5 Easy to 15
Mathematics 2M: 5 Moderate
General 1M: 5 Easy to 15
Aptitude 2M:5 Moderate
Petroleum 1M: 1 Easy 1
Exploration
Oil and Gas Well 1M: 2 Easy to 12
Drilling Technology 2M: 5 Moderate
Reservoir 1M: 3 Easy to 15
Engineering 2M: 6 Moderate
Petroleum 1M: 2 Easy to 18
Production 2M: 8 Moderate
Operations
Offshore Drilling 1M: 2 Easy to 4
and Production 2M: 1 Moderate
Practices
Petroleum 1M: 3 Easy to 7
Formation 2M: 2 Moderate
Evaluation
HSE 1M: 2 Easy to 2
Moderate
Oil and Gas Well 1M :1 Easy to 5
Testing 2M :2 Moderate
Enhanced Oil 1M :2 Easy to 4
Recovery 2M: 1 Moderate
Techniques
Latest trends in 1M : 2 Easy to 2
Petroleum Moderate
Engineering
TOTAL 65 100
Web: www.gateaiotspe.in Email: [email protected] Call us: 09743192324

MARKS ANALYSIS
Total Marks (100)
4 2
5 15
2
4 15
GATE 2016 PETROLEUM ENGINEERING MARKS ANALYSIS
For more info visit: www.gateaiotspe.in
18
12
Engineering Mathematics
1
GA
15
Petroleum Exploration
Oil and Gas Well Drilling Technology
Reservoir Engineering
Petroleum Production Operations
Offshore Drilling and Production

Practices
Petroleum Formation Evaluation
HSE
Oil and Gas Well Testing
Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques

Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.

Q1.
Answer: 1
Q2.
Answer: B

Q3.
Answer: 1
Q4.
Answer: D
Q5.
Answer: C
Q.6 Which of the following is preferred fast neutron source in neutron logging?
(A) Americium-Beryllium
(B) Radium-Beryllium
(C) Deuterium-Tritium
(D) Thorium-Beryllium

Q.7 Using the gamma ray log given in the figure, the shaliness index for point S is __________%.
Answer: 75
Solution: =>Vshale = (GRmax – GR log)/ (GRmax – GRmin)
=>Vshale = (70 -10) / (90-10)= 75%
Q.8 Identify the logging device that is based on the concept of longitudinal and transverse relaxation
times.
(A) Thermal neutron decay

(B) Induced gamma ray spectroscopy
(C) Neutron
(D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Q.9 The three main stages of evolution of organic matter in sediments are Catagenesis (C), Diagenesis
(D) and Metagenesis (M). Their chronological order is
(A) D - C - M (B) C - D - M
(C) D - M - C (D) C - M - D
Q.10 For a kick off operation, a directional well has to be drilled for an arc-length of 2500 ft to achieve
an inclination of 50°.
The radius of curvature will be ______ ft.
Answer: 2864.7

Solution: As for any circular path (Angle / 360) = arc length / 𝟐𝛑R
Thus R = 𝟑𝟔𝟎/𝟐𝛑 𝐱 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡/𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧=(𝟑𝟔𝟎/𝟐𝛑)𝐱(𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎/𝟓𝟎)=>𝟐𝟖𝟔𝟒.𝟕 𝐟𝐭
Q.11 Which of the following is the MOST COMMON cause for a fishing job?
(A) Differential sticking (B) Use of oil based mud

(C) Lost circulation (D) Well kick
Q.12 The figure shows the producing gas oil ratio (GOR) behaviour with time for an oil reservoir under
primary production. At initial reservoir condition, Pb is the bubble point pressure of the crude oil. PR(t)
represents the reservoir pressure at time ‘t’. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) PR(t1) > Pb, PR(t2) > Pb (B) PR(t1) > Pb, PR(t2) < Pb
(C) PR(t1) < Pb, PR(t2) > Pb (D) PR(t1) < Pb, PR(t2) < Pb
Q.13 A core, with a length of 10 cm, breadth of 4 cm and width of 4 cm, weighs 282.4 g in its dry form.
The core is then saturated 100% with brine of density 1.1 g/cm3. The brine saturated core weighs 300 g.
The porosity of this core sample is ___________%.
Answer: 10
Solution:
Given Mass of Brine = 300 – 282.4 = 17.6 g

Since Pore Volume = Brine Volume = Mass/Density = 17.6/1.1 = 16 cm3
Bulk Volume = 4 x 4 x 10 = 160 cm3
Thus, Porosity = Pore Volume/ Bulk Volume = 16/160 = 10%

Q.14 A hydraulic line of a subsurface safety valve has a fluid of specific gravity 1.2 to operate the valve.
The valve closing pressure is 1,200 psia and the recommended safety margin is 200 psia.
The maximum depth at which the valve can be positioned is____________ ft.
Answer: 1924 ft
Solution:
𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡=(𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟎𝟎)/𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟐 𝐱 𝟏.𝟐 𝐱 𝟖.𝟑𝟑=𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟒 𝐟𝐭
Q.15 A sucker rod pump unit is designated by C-228D-200-74. Here, ‘D’ represents
(A) double reduction gearbox. (B) diameter of sucker rod.

(C) diameter of plunger. (D) stroke length.

Q.16 The three translational motions for a floating vessel are
(A) Roll-Pitch-Yaw. (B) Heave-Pitch-Sway.

(C) Surge-Sway-Heave. (D) Roll-Sway-Heave.
Q.17 Jack-up rigs are typically used for off-shore drilling when the water depth is in the range
A. < 25 ft
B. 50 - 500 ft
C. 1000 - 2000 ft
D. > 2000 ft
Q.18 Interference tests can be used for
I. determining communication between two or more wells.

II. mature oil wells having skin damage.
III. determining permeability in tested wells.
IV. providing inputs for secondary and tertiary oil recovery methods
(A) only I and II (B) only I, II and IV (C) only II, III and IV (D) I, II, III and IV
Q.19 For an effective hydraulically-fractured well, the skin factor would GENERALLY be
(A) negative. (B) positive. (C) zero. (D) indeterminate
Q.20 The maximum discharge limit of oil and grease in a marine coastal area as per Environmental
(protection) Rules, 1986 in India is
(A) 0.1 mg/L (B) 20 mg/L. (C) 500 mg/L. (D) 4000 mg/L
Q.21 Which of the following gases is NOT responsible for global warming?
(A) Carbon dioxide (B) Methane
(C) Water vapour (D) Nitrogen
Q.22 In an oil reservoir flooded with water, the volumetric sweep efficiency is 70%. The connate water
saturation in the reservoir is 0.4 and the residual oil saturation for the water flood is 0.3.
The overall efficiency of the reservoir is ____________ %.

Answer: 35

Solution: Displacement efficiency = (Soi – Sor)/ Sor = {( 0.6 -0.3) / 0.3} = 0.5
Where Soi = 1- Swc
Thus Overall efficiency = volumetric efficiency * Displacement efficiency = 0.7 * 0.5 = 0.35
Q. 23 Identify the pair of CORRECT statements for surfactant-micellar-polymer flooding.
I. It reduces interfacial tension between crude oil and water.

II. It influences mobility ratio unfavorably.
III. It improves microscopic displacement efficiency.
IV. It increases isothermal compressibility of the crude oil.
(A) I & II (B) I & III
(C) III & IV (D) II & IV
Q.24 Gas hydrate forms at
(A) low pressure and low temperature conditions.

(B) low pressure and high temperature conditions.
(C) high pressure and low temperature conditions.
(D) high pressure and high temperature conditions.
Q.25 Production of coal bed methane (CBM) is based on
(A) distillation. (B) underground coal gasification.

(C) desorption. (D) coal liquefaction.
Q. 26 – Q. 55 carry two marks each.

26.
Answer: 0

27.
Answer: 1.84
28. A box has a total of ten identical sized balls. Seven of these balls are black in colour and the rest three
are red. Three balls are picked from the box one after another without replacement.
The probability that two of the balls are black and one is red is equal to ______.
Answer: 0.525
29.
Answer: C

30.
Answer: D
Q.31 The porosities of cubic and hexagonal packings, respectively, are
(A) 47.6% and 25.9%. (B) 39.5% and 29.5%.

(C) 47.6% and 39.5%. (D) 39.5% and 25.9%.
Q.32 In sonic logging, the sonic velocities in the formation and drilling mud are 50,000 ft/s and 500 ft/s,
respectively.
The critical angle is ____ radians.
Answer: 0.01
Solution: 𝛉=𝐬𝐢𝐧−(𝟓𝟎𝟎/𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)=𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟎.𝟎𝟏)=𝟎.𝟓𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝐝𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞=𝟎.𝟎𝟏 𝐑𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧
Q.33 A section of a clean sandstone reservoir was logged and found to have a porosity of 10%. The
cementation (m) and saturation (n) exponents are equal to 2. The constant ‘a’ in Archie’s saturation
equation is 1. The formation water resistivity is 0.036 ohm-meter and the formation resistivity is 10 ohm-
meter.
The water saturation in the reservoir is______%.

Answer: 60
Solution: Solve it using Archie’s equation 𝑺𝒘𝒏=𝒂 𝑹𝒘/∅𝒎 𝑹𝒕

Q.34 Match the entries in Group 1 with those in Group 2
Group 1 Group 2
P. Blow Out Preventer I. Horizontal well problem
Q. Diamond bit II. Reverse ballooning
R. Tubing elongation III. Well control
S. Eccentricity IV. Crown
V. Ballooning
(A) P-III, Q-IV, R-V, S-II (B) P-V, Q-IV, R-I, S-II
(C) P-III, Q-IV, R-II, S-I (D) P-IV, Q-III, R-V, S-I
Q.35 One thousand sacks of cement are required for cementing a protection casing of setting depth of
12,000 ft (top float collar) and annular capacity of 0.40 ft3 per linear ft. The cementing truck has a mixing
capacity of 20 sacks per min. A 1.15 ft3/cycle capacity rig mud pump having an 18 inch stroke and a 6.5
inch liner operating at 60 rpm with 90% efficiency is used for the cementing job. The total cementing time
is ______________ min.
Answer: 119.565 min
Solution: Total time= mixing time + pumping time

Mixing time=Number of sacks/mixing capacity=1000/20=50 minutes
Voume of cement to be pumped=0.40 x 12000=4800 ft3
Capacity of rig pump = 1.15 * 60 = 69 ft3/ minute
Thus pumping time = volume of cement to be pumped/ capacity of rig pump
= 4800/ 69 = 69.565 min
Thus total mixing time = 50 + 69.565 = 119.565 min.
Q.36 It is desired to increase the density of 200 bbl of 10 ppg mud to 12 ppg mud using API Barite of
density 35 ppg. The final volume is not limited.
[1 bbl = 42 gallons]
The amount of API Barite required is ________ lbm.
Answer: 25563.2
Solution:
Using mass conservation
V1D1 + V2D2 = VFDF
200 x 10 + 35 V2 = (200 + V2) x 12
(35 – 12) V2 = 2400 - 2000
V2 = 17.39 bbl

Thus mass of barite needed= 17.39 x 42 x 35= 25563.3 lbm.
Q.37 Using the High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) filter press data given below, the estimated
API filtration loss is _________ cm3.
Data given: Time (min) Filtrate volume (cm3)

1.0 6.5
7.5 14.0
Answer: 51.64 cm3
Solution
The standard API filter press has an area of 45 cm2 and is operated at a pressure of 6.8 atm (100 psig).
The filtrate volume collected in a 30-minute time period is reported as the standard water loss. If a
signify cant spurt loss is observed, the following equation should be used to extrapolate the 7.5-minute
water loss to the standard API water loss:
V30= 2 (V7.5-Vsp) + Vsp
The best method for determining spurt loss is to plot V vs. √t and extrapolate to zero time and the
spurt loss of the cell can be obtained by extrapolating to zero time using the two data points given:
Thus Vsp= 6.5- ((14.0 – 6.5) √1)/ (√7.5 - √1 ) = 2.18 cm3
However, since the standard API fi lter press has twice the cross-sectional area of the HP/HT filter
press, the corrected spurt loss is 4.14 cm3. The 30-minute filtrate volume can be computed using
V30= 2(V7.5-Vsp)+Vsp
=> V30= 2(14.0-2.18) + 2.18= 25.82 cm3
Adjusting for the effect of the filter press cross-sectional area, we obtain an API water loss of 51.64
cm3 at the elevated temperature and pressure of the test.
Q.38 A Differential Liberation Experiment (DLE) and a Constant Composition Expansion (CCE)/Flash
liberation experiment were performed in a laboratory for a crude oil to find the formation volume
factor (Bo) and the dissolved gas oil ratio (Rs). The pressure stages for both experiments were kept
the same. At a pressure less than the bubble point pressure of the crude oil, which of the following
statements is TRUE?

(A) Bo (CCE) > Bo (DLE), Rs (CCE) > Rs (DLE)
(B) Bo (CCE) > Bo (DLE), Rs (CCE) < Rs (DLE)
(C) Bo (CCE) < Bo (DLE), Rs (CCE) > Rs (DLE)
(D) Bo (CCE) < Bo (DLE), Rs (CCE) < Rs (DLE)
7/
11

Q.39 The production of a gas well was found to decline exponentially. The observed production rate on
1st January, 2014 was 0.6×1010 SCF/month and on 1st January, 2015, it was 0.4×1010 SCF/month. The
economic production limit for the well is estimated to be 0.002×1010 SCF/month.
The remaining reserves for the well as on 1st January, 2015 were ______ × 1010 SCF.
Answer: 11.77
Solution:
For an exponential decline
Putting values of q (0.4×1010 SCF/month), qi (0.6×1010 SCF/month) and t= 12 months in above

equation we get,
Monthly decline rate (d)= 0.0337 month-1
Let Np be the remaining reserve for the well on 1st January, 2015 then
Np= (q- qa)/d
Where q= 0.4×1010 SCF/month & qa= 0.002×1010 SCF/month
Thus Np= ((0.4-0.002)/0.0337) ×1010 SCF/month

=> Np= 11.77 ×1010 SCF/month
Q.40 A 30 ft thick gas reservoir has an area of 3,000 acres (1 acre = 43,560 ft2). The porosity of the
reservoir is 15% and the connate water saturation is 20%. Initial reservoir pressure and temperature are
2,600 psig and 150°F (= 610°R), respectively. The compressibility factor (Z) at initial conditions is 0.82. The
gas in the reservoir can be produced till it attains the final pressure of 1,000 psig (Z = 0.88) under
isothermal conditions.
The gas recovery factor is ______ %.
Answer: 64.14%
Solution: Bginitial=0.02826 x (ZT/P) =0.02826 x 0.82 x 610/2600

=>5.40 x 10-3 cf/scf
𝟏/𝐁𝐠𝐢nitial =𝟏𝟖𝟑.𝟖𝟐
Bgabandonment=0.02826 x (ZT/P) =0.02826 x 0.88∗610/1000
=>0.0151699cf/scf
𝟏/𝐁𝐠𝐚=𝟔𝟓.𝟗𝟐
As 𝐑𝐅=[(𝟏/𝐁𝐠𝐢)−(𝟏/𝐁𝐠𝐚)]𝟏/𝐁𝐠𝐢

Q.41 Brine is used to measure the absolute permeability of a core plug. The rock sample is 4 cm long and
its cross-sectional area is 4 cm2. The brine has a viscosity of 2 cp and is flowing at a constant rate of 0.5
cm3/s under a 4 atm pressure differential.
The absolute permeability is _________________ Darcy.
Answer: 0.25
Solution:
=>𝐐=−(𝐤𝐀/𝛍)𝐝𝐩/𝐝𝐥
=>𝟎.𝟓=𝐤 𝐱 𝟒 𝐱 𝟒/𝟐 𝐱 𝟒
=>k = 0.25 Darcy
Q.42 An oil well is drilled to cover a circular drainage area of radius 700 ft. The well is completed with a
7 inch production casing. Assume reservoir pressure of 1000 psig, permeability of 50 md, pay zone
thickness of 20 ft, oil viscosity of 3 cp and oil formation volume factor of 1.25 reservoir-bbl/STB.
For a flowing bottom-hole pressure of 500 psig, the primary production rate is _______ STB/day.
Answer: 121.32 STB/ day.
Solution:
=>Use following formula
=>𝐐= 𝐤 𝐱 𝐡 𝐱 Δ𝐏/𝟏𝟒𝟏.𝟐 𝐁 𝛍 [𝐥𝐧𝐑𝐞/𝐑𝐰]
Q.43 An Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) is installed at a depth of 1000 ft from the surface. The ESP
gives 20 ft water head per stage. The wellhead requires 100 psi pressure.
Minimum number of stages of the ESP required for this well is _____.
Answer: 62
Solution:
Pressure = 0.052 x 8.33 x Height (ft) =100 Psi
H=100/.052 x 8.33 =230.86 ft
𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎+𝟐𝟑𝟎.𝟖𝟔/𝟐𝟎=𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟎.𝟖𝟔/𝟐𝟎 =>𝟔𝟏.𝟓 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬
Thus number of stages required is 62.
Q.44 The schematic figure shows a two-phase horizontal separator designed for an oil and water
system.
The oil specific gravity is 0.8. The oil pad height is ho.
The vertical distance between the oil and the water weirs (Δh) at steady state is

(A) 0.2 ho (B) 0.8 ho (C) 1.0 ho (D) 1.2 ho

Answer: A
Solution:
Δ𝐡=𝐡𝐨 𝐱 (𝟏−𝛒𝐨𝐢𝐥/𝛒𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫)=(𝟏−𝟎.𝟖/𝟏) 𝐱 𝐡𝐨=𝟎.𝟐𝐡
Q.45 The vertical lift performance (VLP) and the inflow performance relationship (IPR) curves are used to
find the production operating conditions. If Pwf is the flowing bottom-hole pressure and Q is the oil flow
rate, select the CORRECT statement.
(A) Point 3 is absolute open flow, Curve 1 is VLP curve.

(B) Point 2 is at reservoir pressure, Curve 2 is VLP curve.
(C) Point 1 is operating condition, Curve 2 is IPR curve.
(D) Point 2 is absolute open flow, Curve 1 is IPR curve
Q.46 A ground station has a pump, which delivers a head of 1,000 m water. It is pumping oil of specific
gravity 0.8 into a horizontal pipe of diameter 0.5 m with an average velocity of 2 m/s. The efficiency of the
pump is 80%. Density of water is 1,000 kg/m3 and acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
The power required to operate the pump is _______________ Mega Watts.
Answer: 4.80
Solution: Pressure capacity of pump = density* acceleration due to gravity * height
=> 1000*9.8*1000 = 9800000 kg/m-s2
Thus output power developed by pump = Pressure capacity * Flow rate
Where flow rate = Area of horizontal pipe * Average velocity of oil
= (3.14/4) * (0.5)2 * 2 = 0.3925 m3/s
=> Output power= 9800000 * 0.3925= 3.8465 Mega Watts
=> Efficiency = Output Power/ Input Power
=> Input power = Output power/ Efficiency
=> Input Power = 3.8465/ 0.80
=> 4.80 Mega Watts.

Q.47 For a floating vessel, match the CORRECT pairs from Group 1 and Group 2 among the options
given below. (B = Centre of buoyancy; G = Centre of gravity and M = Metacentre)
Group 1 Group 2
P. M is above G I. Stable equilibrium condition
Q. M is below G II. Critically stable condition
R. M is coinciding with G III. Unstable condition
S. B is below G
(A) P-II, Q-III, R-I and S-II (B) P-I, Q-III, R-II and S-I
(C) P-III, Q-I, R-II and S-III (D) P-I, Q-II, R-III and S-I

Q.48 Match the following
Group 1 Group 2
P. Master valve I. Drill stem testing tool
Q. Breather valve II. Heater-treater
R. Tester valve III. Christmas tree
S. Dump valve IV. Positive displacement motor
V. Storage tank
(A) P-III, Q-V, R-II and S-I (B) P-III, Q-V, R-I and S-IV
(C) P-II, Q-III, R-I and S-V (D) P-I, Q-III, R-II and S-IV
Q.49 A 50 ft thick reservoir has a porosity (φ) of 20% and a total isothermal compressibility ( Ct ) of
2.4×10-5 psi-1. The oil in the reservoir has a viscosity 0.75 cp and formation volume factor of 1.25 reservoir-
bbl/STB. A pressure build-up test is carried out on a well of radius 0.50 ft in the reservoir which was producing
at 500 STB/day for 500 hours. The flowing bottom-hole pressure at the start of build-up test (∆t =0) was found
to be 3,535 psia. The schematic of the pressure build-up data is shown in the figure.
The skin factor is ____________________.
Answer: 7
Solution:
𝐦=𝟏𝟔𝟐.𝟔 𝐪𝐁𝛍/𝐤𝐡
𝐤=𝟏𝟔𝟐.𝟔 𝐱 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟎.𝟕𝟓 𝐱 𝟏.𝟐𝟓/𝟕𝟓 𝐱 𝟓𝟎=𝟐𝟎.𝟑𝟐𝟓

𝐒=𝟏.𝟏𝟓𝟏 [𝐏𝟏 𝐡𝐫− 𝐏𝐰𝐟/𝐦−𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝐤/∅𝛍𝐂𝐭𝐫𝐰𝟐)+𝟑.𝟐𝟑]
𝐒=𝟏.𝟏𝟓𝟏 [𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟎−𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟓/𝟕𝟓−𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟐𝟎.𝟑𝟐𝟓/𝟎.𝟐 𝐱 𝟎.𝟕𝟓 𝐱 𝟐.𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎-5 𝐱 𝟎.𝟓2)+ 𝟑.𝟐𝟑]=𝟕
Q.50. During a production test in an oil reservoir, the oil production rate is 200 STB/day. The producing
gas oil 3ratio (GOR) is 800 SCF/STB and dissolved GOR is 200 SCF/STB. The formation volume factor of gas is
0.01 ft /SCF and the formation volume factor of oil is 1.2 reservoir-bbl/STB.
3
The down-hole GOR is __________ ft /reservoir-bbl.
Answer: 5
Solution:
(GOR) produced = (GOR) dissolved+(GOR)free
Thus, (GOR) free= (GOR) produced- (GOR) dissolved
From question data (GOR) free=800-200=600 SCF/STB.
=>Downhole GOR= Downhole gas rate/ Downhole oil rate
=> (Oil rate)*(GOR) free *(GAS FVF)/(Oil rate)*(Oil FVF) = 600*0.01/1.2= 5 ft3/reservoir-bbl
Q.51 A productivity test was conducted on a single-phase crude oil well. The well is capable of producing
100 STB/day at a flowing bottom-hole pressure of 1000 psig. The 24-hour shut-in static pressure is found to
be 1500 psig.
The maximum oil flow rate (Qmax) is_______ STB/day.
Answer: 300
Solution:
J= Q/ΔP=100/(1500−1000)=0.2 STB/day-psig
Where J is productivity index.
Thus maximum oil flow rate will occur when flowing bottom hole pressure would be 0 psig.
=> Qmax= 0.2 *(1500-0)= 300 STB/day
Q.52 An oil well of wellbore radius 0.5 ft is shown to develop a skin due to formation damage. The damaged
zone radius is 2.25 ft around the well. The formation permeability is 300 md and the permeability of the
damaged zone is 100 md.
The effective well bore radius for this well is___________ft.
Answer: 0.024 ft
Solution:
𝐒=(𝐤/𝐤𝐬−𝟏)𝐥𝐧(𝐫𝐬/𝐫𝐰)
S=(300/100−1) x ln(2.25/.5)=>3.00
𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐖𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐑𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬= 𝐫𝐰.𝐞−𝐒

=> 0.5 𝐞−3= 0.024 ft

Intentionally LEFT BLANK

Q.53 A producing well has a shut-in tubing pressure of 3,950 psig for crude oil of specific gravity 0.69.
[1 g/cm3 = 8.33 ppg]
The kill fluid density for a workover job at 11,600 ft (TVD) is ___________ ppg.
Answer: 12.296
Solution: 12.296 ppg
𝐊𝐌𝐖=𝐎𝐌𝐖+𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐏/𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟐 𝐱 𝐓𝐕𝐃=𝟏𝟐.𝟐𝟗𝟔 𝐩𝐩𝐠
Q.54 For a water-flood operation in a one-dimensional reservoir, the following data are given.
Porosity, ϕ = 0.25; Cross-sectional area, A = 25,000 ft 2; Horizontal distance between the vertical
production and injection well = 600 ft; Water injection rate, iw = 900 bbl/day; Slope of fractional flow
curve at shock front water saturation = 1.97; Water formation volume factor = 1.0 bbl/STB.
[ 1 bbl = 5.615 ft3 ]
The cumulative water volume injected at breakthrough is __________ × 105 bbl.

Answer: 3.3
Solution:
Putting values in the equation we get,
=>𝟔𝟎𝟎=(−𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟓.𝟔𝟏𝟓 𝐱 𝐭/𝟐𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟎.𝟐𝟓) 𝐱 𝟏.𝟗𝟕

=>𝐭=𝟑𝟕𝟔.𝟔𝟖 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
=> Thus cumulative water volume injected = 376.8*900= 𝟑.𝟑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎5 b𝐥
Q.55 A heavy oil reservoir is being flooded with a line drive (assume one-dimensional flooding). The
fractional flow of water is found to be 0.75 bbl/bbl at water saturation (SW) of 60%. A polymer solution
with twice the viscosity of water is used as displacing phase. Assume the relative permeability curves for
water flooding and polymer flooding are the same.
The fractional flow of polymer solution at a saturation of 60% is _________bbl/bbl.
Answer: 0.60
Solution: 𝐟water =𝟏/𝟏+(𝐤oil/𝐤water)(𝛍water/𝛍oil)
0.75= 𝟏/𝟏+(𝐤oil/𝐤water)(𝛍water/𝛍oil)
=> (𝐤oil/𝐤water)(𝛍water/𝛍oil)=1/3

As 𝐟polymer =𝟏/𝟏+( 𝐤oil/𝐤polymer)(𝛍polymer/𝛍oil)
=> 𝛍polymer=2 𝛍water

Thus 𝐟polymer =𝟏/𝟏+(2/3)=0.60 bbl/bbl
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GATE AIOTS PE (India’s Best Institute for Petroleum Engineers)

GATE 2016 PAPER ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS

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Total Marks (100)

Oil and Gas Well Drilling Technology

Petroleum Production Operations

Offshore Drilling and Production

Oil and Gas Well Testing

Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques

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Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each.

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(A) Thermal neutron decay

The radius of curvature will be ______ ft.

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(A) Differential sticking (B) Use of oil based mud

The porosity of this core sample is ___________%.

Given Mass of Brine = 300 – 282.4 = 17.6 g

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(A) double reduction gearbox. (B) diameter of sucker rod.

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Q.16 The three translational motions for a floating vessel are

(A) Roll-Pitch-Yaw. (B) Heave-Pitch-Sway.

Q.18 Interference tests can be used for

I. determining communication between two or more wells.

(A) negative. (B) positive. (C) zero. (D) indeterminate

(A) Carbon dioxide (B) Methane

(C) Water vapour (D) Nitrogen

The overall efficiency of the reservoir is ____________ %.

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Where Soi = 1- Swc

Q. 23 Identify the pair of CORRECT statements for surfactant-micellar-polymer flooding.

I. It reduces interfacial tension between crude oil and water.

(A) I & II (B) I & III

(C) III & IV (D) II & IV

Q.24 Gas hydrate forms at

(A) low pressure and low temperature conditions.

Q.25 Production of coal bed methane (CBM) is based on

(A) distillation. (B) underground coal gasification.

Q. 26 – Q. 55 carry two marks each.

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Q.31 The porosities of cubic and hexagonal packings, respectively, are

(A) 47.6% and 25.9%. (B) 39.5% and 29.5%.

The critical angle is ____ radians.

The water saturation in the reservoir is______%.

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Solution: Solve it using Archie’s equation 𝑺𝒘𝒏=𝒂 𝑹𝒘/∅𝒎 𝑹𝒕

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Q.34 Match the entries in Group 1 with those in Group 2

Answer: 119.565 min

Solution: Total time= mixing time + pumping time

The amount of API Barite required is ________ lbm.

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Data given: Time (min) Filtrate volume (cm3)

Answer: 51.64 cm3

V30= 2 (V7.5-Vsp) + Vsp