Transparencies Electrohydraulics Festo PDF
Transparencies Electrohydraulics Festo PDF
Transparencies Electrohydraulics Festo PDF
Electrohydraulics
Collection of
Transparencies
A B
a b
a b
P T
T A P B
a b
T A P B
095051 GB
Order no.: 095051
Designation: E.-HYDR-FOLIEN.
Description: D:OT-TP601-GB
Edition: 07/2001
Author: Dieter Scholz
Graphics: Doris Schwarzenberger
Layout: 18.07.2001, Beatrice Huber
This set of overhead transparencies has been designed for use with the basic level
of the technology package TP600 “Electrohydraulics”. The set of overhead
transparencies and the technology package form part of the Learning System for
Automation from Festo Didactic GmbH & Co.
The 30 transparencies in this set have been optimised from the didactic and
methodological points of view. Each transparency is accompanied by a short text
which provides the trainer with a quick overview of the training contents of the
transparency concerned.
The text sheet includes a complete illustration of the transparency, in certain cases
with additional explanations and legends which the trainer can enter on the
transparency in the course of a training session.
New! The enclosed CD-ROM contains the entire overhead transparencies and
Electronic presentation accompanying text of this edition in an electronically presentable form in the files
„Electrohydraulics _transparencies.pdf“ and „Electrohydraulics _text.pdf“. In
addition to the screen presentation, which can be made in any order, the contents
can be printed out and text and graphics can be used for your own training
® ®
preparations, insofar as the functionality of the required Adobe Acrobat Reader
permits this. This freely distributable software is available on the CD-ROM in the
currently valid English version for Windows 95/98/NT for installation in the directory
„Acrobat_Reader“. Please start the file „rs405eng.exe“ and follow the subsequent
dialogue.
Electrohydraulic press
Electrical signals are used to activate the valves in the hydraulic installation.
Motor with
hydraulic pump
Valve manifold
Actuator
(cylinder)
Control pane
Division of installation into signal control section and hydraulic power section.
Solenoid valves form the interface between the electrical signal control section and
the hydraulic power section.
Hydraulic power section Controls the flow of hydraulic fluid by means of solenoid valves. Actuators convert
hydraulic energy into motions.
Power section
è è Solenoid
valve
è
Hydraulic
Power power
supply supply
(conversion)
è
è è
è
è
è
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. TP 601, Transparency 02
3
Supplies signal control section with specified or maximum voltage and current
values.
230V
AC DC
24V
50 °C
TR G C T T
Transformer Rectifier Smoothing Stabilisation Fuse
230V
AC DC
24V
TR G C T T
Electrical circuit
A circuit consists of at least a power source, a load device and connecting lines.
Technical direction Electrical current flows from the positive terminal of the power supply to the
of current flow negative terminal.
A B
A B
Measuring circuits
Voltage measurement The voltage drop across a load device is measured in parallel with the device.
+ +
+ +
- -
Ohm’s law
Ohm’s law Describes the relationship between current (I), voltage (V) and resistance (R).
With ohmic resistances, the current rises in linear proportion to the voltage.
Graph The value pairs for a constant resistance lie on a straight line. The current I is
proportional to the voltage V.
Voltage V
Resistance R 10 V 20 V 30 V 40 V
Relay 0.5 A 1.0 A 1.5 A 2.0 A
V=R•I Solenoid coil 0.33 A 0.66 A 1.0 A 1.33 A
V
I= 2.0
R
A
A 1.5
+
R 1.0
V
I
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 V 40
V
Voltage V
Resistance R 10 V 20 V 30 V 40 V
Relay
Solenoid coil
2.0
A
A 1.5
+
R 1.0
- V
I
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 V 40
V
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. TP 601, Transparency 06
7
Rectifiers
The pulsating voltage is smoothed using a capacitor and filters (reactance coil,
resistor).
L
~
Diodes C R =
Voltage Voltage
retification smoothing
V
t t t
=
V
t t V t
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. TP 601, Transparency 07
8
Analogue values Analogue values describe continuous functions, such as the continuous filling of a
bucket of water.
Digital values Digital values describe integer parts of a maximum value. A dice, for example, shows
one of six possible numbers.
Binary values Binary values are a special form of digital values. They can assume only two values,
such as in the case of a switch, which can only be on or off.
6
full 5 On 1
4
Volume V
half- 3
Value
full 2
Light
1
empty 0 Off 0
Switching
Filling time t Experiments with dice time point Time t
-
Volume V
Value
Light
Filling time t Experiments with dice Time t
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. TP 601, Transparency 08
9
Actuation of contacts.
Momentary contact switch A momentary contact switch has a “rest position” and an “actuated position”.
Sustained contact switch A sustained contact switch has two detents. It thus has two rest positions.
Momentary and sustained switches can close or open current paths or switch from
one current path to another.
3 3
4 4
Changeover contact N/O and N/C contacts in a single housing; one contact is open while the other is
closed.
The designations of the switch contacts are governed by the European standard
EN 50012.
Switch elements
Connection
(N/O contact)
Connection
(N/C contact)
3 1 2 4
4 2 1
Limit switches
Switch lever
Stem (insulated)
Contact
Snap-action
mechanism
Proximity switches
Inductive Signal is generated by the presence of any material with good conductivity in an
oscillating magnetic field.
Capacitive Signal is also generated by all insulators with high dielectric constants in an
electrical field.
Optical Signal is generated when light barriers are interrupted or when light is reflected
back to an optical sensor.
Reed switches Signal is generated by magnets whose fields close the built-in contacts in the switch.
Magnet
Metal
capacitive or
Insulator
reflective
optical compo- magnetic
nent
Solenoid (electromagnet)
A magnetic field with concentric field lines is created around a conductor carrying an
electrical current.
A coil carrying an electrical current develops a uniform magnetic field in its axial
direction due to the overlapping of field lines.
Field around
a conductor
Iron core
Coil
Coil
+
-
The switching armature is drawn into the coil, which acts as a magnet.
This produces a displacement of the actuating piston in the hydraulic 4/2-way valve.
Switching armature
A B
P T
T A P B L
A B
P T
Dry solenoid The solenoid is separated from the hydraulic fluid; a seal is required on the stem.
Wet solenoid The armature chamber of the solenoid is filled with hydraulic fluid, the solenoid
operates in oil.
seal
Electrical
connections
Definition Switches which are actuated and held in their actuated positions
electromagnetically.
Special feature Each main contact is of double-break type (contacts used as main contacts),
of contactors suitable for
· all power ratings from small to very large
· only N/O and N/C contacts
Contacts Coil
Return spring
Hinged-armature solenoid Plunger-armature solenoid
- +
A B
24 V 1 24 V 1 2
3 3 3
S1 S1 K1
4 4 4
Y1 K1 Y1
0V 0V
24 V 1 24 V 1 2
0V 0V
Signal inversion
A B
24 V 1 2 24 V 1 2
3 1 1 3
S1 K1 S1 K1
4 2 2 4
K1 Y1 K1 Y1
0V 0V
S1 K1 Y1 S1 K1 Y1
0 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 0
24 V 1 2 24 V 1 2
3 1 1 3
S1 K1 S1 K1
4 2 2 4
K1 Y1 K1 Y1
0V 0V
S1 K1 Y1 S1 K1 Y1
0 0
1 1
Latching
Actuation of switch S1: Relay K1 reverses holding the current path of K1 closed.
24 V 1 2 3
3 3 3
S1 K1 K1 S1 S2 K1 & Y1
4 4 4
0 0 0
1 0 1 0
S2
2 1 0 1
1 1 1
K1 Y1 dominant on
0V
24 V 1 2 3
3 3 3
S1 K1 K1 S1 S2 K1 & Y1
4 4 4
0 0
1 0 1
S2
2 1 0
1 1
K1 Y1
0V
Circuit diagram
24 V 1
3
S0
4
2 3 4 5 6 7
3 3 3 3 3 3
S1 K1 S2 K2 K1 K2
4 4 4 4 4 4
1 1
K2 K1
2 2
A1 A1
K1 K2 Y1 Y2
A2 A2
0V
3
S0
4
3 3 3 3 3 3
S1 K1 S2 K2 K1 K2
4 4 4 4 4 4
1 1
K2 K1
2 2
A1 A1
K1 K2 Y1 Y2
A2 A2
Power is delivered via the pressure medium using a pump and drive motor.
The pack incorporates devices to remove air, water and solid particles from the
hydraulic fluid.
Filler filter
Suction filter Fluid level indicator
Cleaning aperture
Baffle plate
Drain screw
Hydraulic circuit
Hydraulic cylinder
Electrohydraulic
power valve
Feed pump
(top-up for Hydraulic
Hydraulic Motor leakage losses) motor
pump
Motor
Filter
Return
Safety Safety
line
valve valve
open closed
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. TP 601, Transparency 23
24
Hydraulic motor Driven via fluid flow on the basis of a pressure difference.
Pelectr. = V • I Phydr. = p • q
Flow
Current I rate q
Pressure p
Voltage V
Electric motor
Gear motor
Power losses
Frictional and
volumetric losses
Power losses
Frictional and
pressure losses
Frictional,
volumetric and
magnetic losses
Phydr. loss = ,p • q
Pressure switches
2 3
1
3 Pressure
2 p
a c
4 bar Hysteresis
b
Time t
1
3 Pressure
2 p
4 bar
Time t
Actuation on left The piston spool is displaced to the right and creates the connections P – A
and B – T.
Rest position Rest position produced by spring centring of piston spool. All inputs of the 4/3-way
valve are closed in this position.
A B
a b
a b
P T
T A P B
a b
T A P B
A B
a b
P T
T A P B
T A P B
Actuation on left The pilot piston spool is displaced to the right, and hydraulic fluid is directed to the
right-hand side of the main control spool, creating the connections P – A and B – T.
Rest position Rest position produced by spring centring of pilot and main piston spools. All ports
of the 4/3-way valve are closed at the main valve.
A B
P T
Simplified symbol
A B
T B P A P T
Detailed symbol
A B
P T
A B
T B P A P T
Electrical safety
1) Switch off
2) Check
3) Carry out work
EMERGENCY
STOP
Additional
insulation
L1
PE
220 V AC 24 V
Basic insulation
Hydraulic safety