Software Engineering II - CS605 Mid Term Solved Mcqs

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~*~SHINING STAR~*~
Which one of the following activities does not belong to Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, and
Management Plan?
Risk Identification
Risk Projection
Risk Mitigation
Risk avoidance
Risk Management and Contingency Planning
Pair programming is associated with:
RAD
Incremental development
eXtreme Programming
Prototyping
Synchronize and stabilize
The prototyping model of software development is
A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined.
A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly.
The best approach to use for projects with large development teams.
A risky model that rarely produces a meaningful product.
An old fashioned model that is rarely used any more.
Which maturity level is characterised by:
"Basic project management processes established to track cost, schedule and
functionality. Has the necessary process discipline in place to repeat earlier successes on
projects with similar applications".
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Defect prevention is defined as:
Avoiding defect insertion
Avoiding defect insertion, but fixing errors when reported (not sure)
Finding and fixing errors after insertion
Finding and fixing errors after release
Not reporting errors
Which one of the following principles/techniques is NOT a software projects scheduling
principle?
Interdependency
identification
time allocation
effort validation
Function point analysis
Milestone definition
Which one of the following is the 4th level of the SEI Capability Maturity Model?
initial or ad hoc
optimizing
managed
defined
repeatable
Which one of the following is NOT a useful indicators of software quality?
Correctness
Code size
Maintainability
Integrity
Usability
Which one of the following does not belong to a strategy for dealing with risk?
Risk avoidance
Security risk assessment
Risk monitoring
Risk management and Contingency planning
Who of the following is NOT usually present in a technical review:
User
Quality Engineer
The programming tools supplier
Specialist with knowledge of the application
Architect
What activity does a software project manager need to perform to minimize the risk of software
failure?
double the project team size
request a large budget
allow absolutely no schedule slippage
define milestones and track progress
Request 50% more time than estimated
The quality of a software is high, if the code produced for one system can be applied to others
with little or no modification.
the allocations are difficult to cope with changes in the organization.
it does not allow to make copies.
it causes the user no surprises during operation.
the modifications are reflected in the documentation.
Three categories of risks are
business risks, personnel risks, budget risks
project risks, technical risks, business risks
planning risks, technical risks, personnel risks
management risks, technical risks, design risks
The software reengineering process model includes restructuring activities for which of the following
work
items?
Code
Documentation
Data
all of the given options
One graphical technique for determining whether a process exhibits out-of-control change behavior
is a.
control chart
fishbone diagram
Pareto diagram
process diagram
What team structure for the following situation would you choose and why?
You have been appointed a software project manager for a company that services the
genetic
engineering world. Your job is to manage the development t of a new software product
that will
accelerate the pace of gene typing. The work is R&D oriented, but the goal to produce a
product
within the next year
.
Change control is not necessary if a development group is making use of an automated project
database tool.
T
F
The linear sequential model of software development is also known as the
Classical life cycle model
Fountain model
Spiral model
Chaos model
Doubling the size of your software project team is guaranteed to cut project completion time in half.
1. T
2. F
The number of people required for a software project is determined
after an estimate of the development effort is made.
after an estimate of the development effort is made.
from an assessment of the technical complexity of the system.
Which of these benefits can be achieved when software is restructured?
higher quality programs
reduced maintenance effort
software easier to test
The first step in project planning is to
determine the budget.
select a team organizational model.
determine the project constraints.
establish the objectives and scope.
The goal of quality assurance is to provide management with the data needed to determine which
software
engineers are producing the most defects.
1. True
2. False
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached
will result in a decline in effectiveness. This law is know as
__________________
. Law of Diminishing returns
. Law of effectiveness
. Law of Saturation
. Law of Marketing returns
Build and Fix model is a ___________ type of software development activity.
. Mathematical
. Perfect
. Haphazard
. Planned
In _________________ a team is structured along a traditional hierarchy of authority
. closed paradigm
. synchronous paradigm
. random paradigm
. open paradigm
MTTC is the abbreviation of
. measured time to change
. mean time to collaborate
. mean time to change
. measure time to cope
While creating matrix for a set of projects, data should be collected that belongs to a
similar domain
. true
. false
The rapid application development model is
. Another name for component-based development.
. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly
. A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model.
. All of the given
While managing the historical data, we should consider the following except
. Data should be collected only from scientific projects and applications
. Data should be collected from many projects
. Data should be consistent
. Correct data should be taken
Quality costs may be divided into costs associated with
. prevention, appraisal, and failure
. people, process, and product
. customers, developers, and maintenance
. all of the given
When a software is delivered to a client and then client reports the bug in it then that
bug is termed as
. Error
. Defect
. Mistake
. Fault
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) is the
. Time when system remained unable for usage
. Time taken to fix the error
. Time taken to repair the software
. All of the given options are correct.
Reliability and Safety are same concepts with respect to software quality
. True
. False
Software configuration management is used to
. Manage change in the software
. Mange the financials accounts in an organization
. Manage the administration of company
. All of the given
SCM is the requirement of the ________ level(s) of CMM
. First
. Second and later
. Third and later
. Only Second
If a new version of a product is released by fixing the bugs in the previous release then
it is termed as _________________
. Product Update
. Product Upgrade
. Defect Removal
. Product Performance
The Evolution Graph signifies the
. version relationship
. baseline of a particular release
. change control activity
. all of the given
The management of creeping requirements is important for the ease of
. maintenance
. development
. testing
. all of the given
Following are the components of a Legacy system except:
. business processes
. system hardware
. marketing
. application software
There are many reasons for which the legacy system become difficult to maintain
EXCEPT
. Language in which system was developed become obsolete
. lack of consistency as different parts of the system have been developed by different
teams
. None of these
. No documentation is available
The application software is assessed on the basis of following factors except
. Documentation
. Understandability
. Code Refactoring
. Test data
The process of rediscovering the software design is called
. Reverse Engineering
. Business Engineering
. Business Process Engineering
. Forward Engineering
In ______________, new user and technology requirement can also be integrated
into the re-engineering effort.
. Backward re-engineering
. Forward re-engineering
A redesigned business process must be prototyped before it is fully integrated
into the business.
. False
. True
In ___________ representation of CMMI model, consideration is given to improve
selected processes areas.
. Staged
. Continuous
)
The purpose of earned value analysis is to
. determine how to compensate developers based on their productivity
. provide a quantitative means of assessing software project progress
. provide a qualitative means of assessing software project progress
. set the price point for a software product based on development effort
The software plan is not a static document, it is frequently adjusted to make the
project appear on track to meet all deadlines and quality targets.
. True
. False
There are tools available in the market for project tracking. These tools can
autmomatically track and manage the project replacing the need of any human
being as a Project Manager.
. True
. False
Timeline chart is also known as the _____________ chart
. Gantt
. PERT
. FREE LANCE
. None of the given
The processes at ----------- is focus on continually improving process performance
through both incremental and innovative technological changes/improvements.
. Level 5
. Level 1
. Level 4
. Level 3
In a complex system that will lead to much >>>..code to write and maintain.
. More
. None of the given
. Less
. Meaningless
Review is a type of _________ that helps preventing the bugs to move in the next
stage of software development
. Bug seeding tool
. Filter
. Alarm
. None of the given
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 2 )
Why software engineers collect measures?
To have the accurate requirments
To achive Goals more effectly and more effeciently
Give two importances of reviews?
With Technical review you may come to know more about the technical
requirments and specifications.
reviews the process description for compliance with the organizational policies,
internal software standards, externally imposed standards, and other parts of the
software project plan.
Discuss the role of program restructuring in software reengineering?
In this case we modify source code and data in order to make it amenable to future
changes. This includes code as well as data restructuring. Code restructuring
requires redesign with same function with higher quality than original program
and data restructuring involves restructuring the database or the database schema.
It may also involve code restructuring.All will be insoftware reengineering/
Program is restructured after the reverse engineering phase.
Give the properties of Capability Levels?
0 Incomplete
1 Performed
2 Managed
3 Defined
4 Quantitatively Managed
5 Optimizing
Give any six attribute of Requirements?
Software Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance
Cost of quality
SQA Activities
SQA Group Activities
Quality Control
List the factors involved in calculating the cost of Reengineering?
Current annual maintenance cost for an application
Current annual operation cost for an application
Current annual business value of an application
Predicted annual maintenance cost after reengineering
Predicted annual operations cost after reengineering
Predicted annual business value cost after reengineering
Eestimated reengineering cost
Estimated reengineering calendar time
Reengineering risk factor
Expected life of the system
How do you identify the problems in a software?
Draw the Software Reengineering Process Model.
Can you think it is difficult to implement CMM level in small software
companies?
The CMM Level where basic project management processes are established to
track cost, schedule, and functionality. That is, it is characterized by basic project
management practices. It also implies that without project management not much
can be achieved. In Small software house
– Project size
As the project size increases, the complexity of the problem also increases and
therefore its management also becomes more difficult.
– Delivery deadline
Delivery deadline directly influences the resources and quality.
– Budgets and costs
A good estimate of budget, cost and schedule is essential for any successful
project.
– Application domain
Application domain also plays an important role in the success of a project. The
chances of success of a project in a well-known application domain would be much
better than of a project in a relatively unknown domain.
So implementation of all the procedure for this Level can be a bit difficult for small
software houses because they usually work on small projects where cost and time
always metter.
In order to measure the design quality, if the frequency of ripple defects is too
large, then it means that there is tight coupling and hence the
. design is maintainable
. design is not maintainable
. design has completed
. none of the given
We can include following type of data in the database for creating matrix against
each project except
. name of project
. size of project
. company’s CEO name
. cost of project
The only reason for an estimate to be unreliable is lack of experience related to the
application on the part of the estimator.
. true
. false
A consideration of software scope must include an evaluation of all external
interfaces.
. true
. false
If an error related to requirements is identified in testing phase, so this error will
be considered as an error in ___________ phase.
. Design
. Code
. Requirement
. Testing
Usually the performance of the organization change over-night.
. True
. False
Quality is the compliance of software to implicit and explicit quality factors.
Identify the explicit requirement from the following:
. Maintainability
. Compliance with CMMI
. Ease of use
. Efficiency
Following are the benefits of conducting review except
. Help in finding the size of the project
. Helps in verifying the quality of product
. Help in identifying where improvement is required.
. Helps in identifying the bugs in the work product
. True
. False
SCM is the requirement of the ________ level(s) of CMM
. First
. Second and later
. Third and later
. Only Second
We can include following items during configuration item identification:
. User Manuals and Documentations
. Source Code
. Software Requirement Specifications
. All of the given choices are correct
If a new version of a product is released by fixing the bugs in the previous release
then it is termed as _________________
. Product Update
. Product Upgrade
. Defect Removal
Every node signifies ___________ version of a release
. one
. two
. three
. four
The Change Control Authority does not have the rights to permit to bring the
change in the software
. True
. False
Check in and Check out is actually one and the same process with two different
names
. True
. False
There could be multiple GUIs to satisfy one requirement
. True
. False
_____________ is the process of Design recovery. At this stage the documentation
of the overall functionality is created.
. Database Engineering
. Refactoring
In code restructuring, we do not change the functionality of the code
. True
. False
In ______________, new user and technology requirement can also be integrated
into the re-engineering effort.
A _____________process is “a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a
defined business outcome”.
. Business
. Software
. CMM
. ISO
Software refactoring is a process in which
. External behavior of the system does not change
. Internal behavior of the system does not change
. Design of the software changes
. Architecture of the software changes
The formal methods model of software development makes use of mathematical
methods to
. define the specification for computer-based systems
. all of the given
. develop defect free computer-based systems
. verify the correctness of computer-based systems
Which one of the following describes the data and control to be processed,
function, performance, constraints, interfaces, and reliability?
. Product Quality
. Software scope estimation
. Resources requirements
. Time requirements
Which one of the following describes the data and control to be processed,
function, performance, constraints, interfaces, and reliability?
. Time requirements
. Product Quality
The software plan is not a static document, it is frequently adjusted to make the
project appear on track to meet all deadlines and quality targets.
. True
. False
The projects are classified into following categories except
. New application development
. Reengineering projects
. Concept development projects
. Marketing Development Projects
The processes at ----------- is focus on continually improving process performance
through both incremental and innovative technological changes/improvements.
. Level 5
. Level 1
. Level 4
. Level 3
Quantitative process-improvement objectives for the organization are established,
continually revised to reflect changing business objectives at -------------.
. Level 3
. Level 2
. Level 5
. Level 1
Reliability of a software is a
. functional requirement
. non-functional requirement
. Design Requirement
. None of the given
What issues must be included in the review list?
What is meant by requirement management?
Requirement Management is defined as a systematic approach to eliciting,
organizing, and documenting the requirements of the system, and a process that
establishes and maintains agreement between the customer and the project team
on the changing requirements of the system.
Give any two advantages of Software CMM?
How can we implemente metrics in small organizations ?
Give in brief any three factors related with operation?
Discuss the hazards those are associated with a computer-based cruise
controlfor an automobile?
What would you understand by the conventional numbering of the product
release?
Write down the levels of Capability Maturity Model (starting from 0-5)?
What are the risks associated in the migration of a Legacy system to a new
system?
How Duplicate Code can cause problem in the maintenance of a program?
Explain briefly.
Top of Form
Miscommunication among project staff is one of the reasons of the failure of the software project
True
False
_______________model is a haphazard type of software development activity.
Select correct option:
Water fall (notconfirmed\)
Incremental
Prototyping
Build and Fix
Total Marks: 1
Water fall model is a document driven model.
True
False
Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 10:14:12 AM )
Total Marks: 1
Spiral model has _____________ dimensions.
2
3
4
None of the above
Total Marks: 1
The ___________ model of software development is a good approach when core product is
required quickly.
Incremental
Linear Sequential
Prototyping (not confirmed)
None of the above
Total Marks: 1
In ____________________ team organization, there is no permanent leader rather there are
task coordinators.
Controlled Decentralized
Democratic Decentralized
Controlled Centralized
Synchronous paradigm
Total Marks: 1
___________________ is an Object Oriented model.
Spiral
Water fall
Incremental
Fountain
Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 02:56:43 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Vision phase in a software process focuses on __________.
What
Why
How
Change
Rapid application development is another form of _________________.
Incremental model
Prototyping model
Linear Sequential model
None of the above
_____________________ phase in a software process focuses on change.
Vision
Maintenance
Definition
Development
The______________ model of software development is a useful approach when a customer
cannot
define requirements clearly.
Prototyping
Water fall
RAD
Build and Fix
______________ model has a major drawback in that the delivered product may not fulfill the customer's
requirements.
Water fall
Build and Fix
Prototyping
Integrated water fall and prototyping
Quiz Start Time: 02:58 PM Time Left 84
sec(s)
MOI model of leadership stands for
Motivation , Operationalize ,Integration
Misunderstanding , Object, Ideas
Motivation , Organization , Innovation
Miscommunication , Organization, Invention
The _____________ model is used to overcome issues related to understanding and capturing of user requirements.
Rapid Prototyping
Water fall
Build and Fix
None of the above
____________activity is performed throughout software production
Maintenance
Development
Analysis
Quality Assurance
: In ________________ model the product is developed without any proper design and specifications.
Water fall
Build and Fix
Prototyping
None of the abov
software project management focuses on the four P’s: These are
People , Product , Process , Problem
People , Product , Process , Project
People , Passion , Process , Project
People , Passion , Planning , Project
: ___________ model of software development is a good approach when core product is required quickly.
Incremental
Linear Sequential
Prototyping
None of the above
: The _______________ dimension in rational unified process model represents the dynamic aspect of the process.
Horizontal
Angular
Vertical
Regular
model is developed keeping in mind the element of risk in the development of software
Spiral
RAD
Incremental
Synchronize and Stabilize
_______________ model is adopted by Microsoft
RAD
Build and Fix
Spiral
____________________ teams generate more and better solutions than individuals and are most useful for complex
problems
Decentralized
Centralized
: In _________________, there is both vertical and horizontal communication.
Controlled decentralized (CD)
Democratic decentralized (DD)
Controlled centralized (CC)
Synchronous paradigm (SP)
_____________dimension of Spiral model represents the cumulative cost to date
Radial
Angular
The important feature of extreme programming is the concept of __________________.
Feedback
Risk assessment
Pair programming
Requirement elicitation
In software development ____________________ is performed at the end of each phase.
Verification
Validation
__________________paradigm,structures a team loosely and depends on individual
initiative of the
team members
Closed
Random
Open
Synchronous
Quiz Start Time: 04:38 PM Time Left 73
sec(s)
Unrealistic deadline is NOT one of the reasons of project failure.
True
False
Spiral model has _____________ dimensions.
2
3
4
None of the above
Determination of the ....................is a pre-requisite of all sorts of estimates, including,
resources,
time, and budget.
software scope
software Risk
software Quality
software Management
We need to employ some statistical techniques and plot the result ---------------. This is
known as
statistical control techniques.
Graphically
Automatically
Manually
Personally
When more than one user interpret the same requirement in different ways then we can say
that the
requirements are
None of the given
Incomplete
Ambiguous not sure
Incorrect
Quiz Start Time: 06:23 PM
Time Left 89
sec(s)
The extent to which a program satisfies its specifications and fulfills the customer’s mission
objectives
is …………………
Integrity
Reliability
Correctness
None of given
Several entities are always created -------------- and deleted together then this is a strong
indication
that they should be grouped into ---------- logical file/files.
Together, Single
Together, Multiple
Together, Double
All of the given
Time Left 89
sec(s)
In case some software, it is extremely easy to operate with intuitive interface conforming to
most
excellent GUI practices of the industry. It needs very little training -----------------
Less than one hour
Less than two hour not sure
Less than five hour
Less than ten hour
Metrics to assess the quality of the analysis models and the corresponding software
specification
were proposed ............
in 1993- 1999.
Ricado in 1993
Davis in 1990
Davis in 1993
Determination of the ....................is a pre-requisite of all sorts of estimates, including,
resources,
time, and budget.
software scope
software Risk
software Quality
software Management
This chart is then used to develop the individual control chart is called statistical control
techniques.
Yes
No
Which statement is correct?
None of the given not sure
The greater the dependency between the components the lesser is coupling
The lesser the dependency between the components the greater is coupling
The greater the dependency between the components the greater is coupling
89
sec(s)
Function/Test matrix is a type of
Interim Test report
Final test report
Project status report not sure
Management report
___________ help in finding the matrix to be stable or unstable
Control chart
Directed Graph
Cyclic chart
Base line graph
Interim Test report
Final test report
Project status report not sure
Management report
objectives
is …………………
Integrity
Reliability
Correctness
None of given
Several entities are always created -------------- and deleted together then this is a strong
indication
that they should be grouped into ---------- logical file/files.
Together, Single
Together, Multiple
Together, Double
All of the given
In measuring Software Process Quality by using control charts, if the gap between the
defects
reported and defects fixed is increasing, then it means
The product is in unstable condition.
The product is ready for shipment
The product is in stable condition.
None of the above
that the
requirements are
None of the given
Incomplete
Ambiguous not sure
Incorrect
This chart is then used to develop the individual control chart is called statistical control
techniques.
Yes
No
In case some software, it is extremely easy to operate with intuitive interface conforming to
most
excellent GUI practices of the industry. It needs very little training -----------------
Less than one hour
Less than two hour not sure
Less than five hour
Less than ten hour
A --------------entity is the one which have any ----------- in the problem domain without some
other
entity.
Strong, Role*
All of the given
Weak, Function
None of the Given P # 47
------------------give you a better insight into the state of the process or product.
Metrics
Efficiency
Reliability
Usability
We need to employ some statistical techniques and plot the result ---------------. This is
known as
statistical control techniques.
Graphically
Automatically
Manually
Personally
objectives
is …………………
Integrity
Reliability
Correctness
None of given
Metrics to assess the quality of the analysis models and the corresponding software
specification
were proposed ............
in 1993- 1999.
Ricado in 1993
Davis in 1990
Davis in 1993
The most important objective of any engineering activity is to produce high quality product
with
limited resources and-----------------------
Time
Persons
Cost
Metrics
Interim Test report
Final test report
Project status report
Management report
None of the given
help in finding the matrix to be stable or unstable
Control chart
Directed Graph
Cyclic chart
Base line graph
The amount of computing resources required by a program to perform its function is
…………………..
Efficiency
Integrity
Reliability
None of given
The extent to which a program satisfies its specification and fulfills the customer’s mission
objectives
is said to be achieving the
Correctness
Reliability
Efficiency
Usability
of the ....................is a pre-requisite of all sorts of estimates, including, resources, time, and
budget.
software scope
software Risk
software Quality
software Management
that the
requirements are
None of the given
Incomplete
Ambiguous
Incorrect
Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can be controlled and
called
……….…
None of given
Efficiency
Reliability
Integrity
ILF is a --------------- identifiable group of logically control in formations ------------- the
boundary the
application.
user, within
user, without
All of the given
user, along
.........technique was initially developed for manufacturing processes in the 1920’s by Walter
Shewart.
Upper Control Line
Contorl chart
CMP
Quality
A --------------entity is the one which have any ----------- in the problem domain without some
other
entity.
Strong, Role*
All of the given
Weak, Function
None of the Given
objectives
is …………………
Integrity
Reliability
Correctness
None of given
Metrics to assess the quality of the analysis models and the corresponding software specification were proposed ............
in 1993- 1999.
Ricado in 1993
Davis in 1990
Davis in 1993
TRUE
The amount of computing resources required by a program to perform its function is …………………..
Efficiency
TRUE
Integrity
Reliability
None of given
ILF is a --------------- identifiable group of logically control in formations ------------- the boundary the application.
user, within
TRUE
user, without
All of the given
user, along
This chart is then used to develop the individual control chart is called statistical control techniques.
Yes
TRUE
No
None of the given
TRUE
Several entities are always created -------------- and deleted together then this is a strong indication that they should be
grouped
into ---------- logical file/files.
Together, Single
TRUE
Together, Multiple
Together, Double
All of the given
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left 57
sec(s)
Several entities are always created -------------- and deleted together then this is a strong indication that they should be
grouped
into ---------- logical file/files.
Together, Single
TRUE
All of the given
Together, Double
Together, Multiple
Click here to Save Answer & Move to Next Question
Bottom of Form
.........technique was initially developed for manufacturing processes in the 1920’s by Walter Shewart.
Upper Control Line
Contorl chart
TRUE
CMP
Quality
In measuring Software Process Quality by using control charts, if the gap between the defects reported and defects
fixed is
increasing, then it means
The product is in unstable condition.
TRUE
The product is ready for shipment
The product is in stable condition.
None of the above
The extent to which a program satisfies its specifications and fulfills the customer’s mission objectives is
…………………
Integrity
Reliability
Correctness
TRUE
None of given
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2008
CS605- Software Engineering-II (Session - 2)
Question No: 1 (Marks: 1) - Please choose one
Every task should be assigned to a specific team -------------.
. Member
. Manager
. Organizer
. None of the given
Which one is not the Software project planning activity carried out by the project manager
for
estimation?
. Time requirements
. Product Quality
The
higher the Error Index, the higher will be the Defect Removal Efficiency
. True
. False
While performing risk analysis, the impact of risk can not be measured quantitatively
. True(not sure)
. False
Degree of uncertainty that the product will meet its requirements and be fit for its intended use is
the
. Cost risks
. Schedule risks
. Performance risks
. None of the given choices
Proactive risk management philosophy is also some times termed as Indiana Jones school of
risk management
. true
. false
The
number of people required for a software project is determined
. after an estimate of the development effort is made.
. from an assessment of the technical complexity of the system.
. by the size of the project
. all of the given
Defect Removal Efficiency (DRE) can be measured by where E is Errors found delivery and D
is error found after delivery (typically within the first year of operation)
. DRE= E/(E+D)
. DRE= E - (E+D)
. DRE= E * (E+D)
. None of the given
Integrity means that the software should
. help the users to enjoy usability
. none of the given
. withstand the attack from a hacker
. help the hacker to hack the system
In
function point analysis technique EO stands for
. Export operation
. Export output
. External output
. None of these
Which of these software characteristics are used to determine the scope of a software project?
. context, Lines of code, function
. context, function, communication requirements
. information objectives, function, performance
. communications requirements, performance, information objectives
In
____________a team is structured loosely and depends on individual initiative of the team
members
. random paradigm
. closed paradigm
. open paradigm
In
_________________ a team is structured along a traditional hierarchy of authority
. closed paradigm
. random paradigm
. open paradigm
______________ is the first stage of waterfall lifecycle model
. Requirement definition
. Operation
. Unit testing
. Implementation
___________ is not the part of software development loop.
. Status Quo
. Problem definition
. Technical development
. Task set
__________ is not the management part of software development activities.
. Coding
. Configuration Management
. Quality Assurance
. Project planning
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
CS605- Software EngineeringII (Session - 1)
___________ is not the part of software development loop.
Status Quo
Problem definition
Technical development
Task set
The level 1 of CMM is known as
Managed
Defined
Initial
Repeatable
Mathematical
Perfect
Haphazard
Planned
According to DeMarco a good Project Manger
should be very nervous
should be very strict in official matters
should not ignore any mistake from his team members.
should have a big heart and should ignore small mistakes
The best project team organizational model to use when tackling extremely difficult
problems is the
chief programmer team model
democratic decentralized model
controlled decentralized model
controlled centralized model
Which factor is the least important when choosing the organizational structure for a
software team?
degree of communication desired
predicted size of the resulting program
rigidity of the delivery date
size of the project budget
Product and process decomposition occurs simultaneously as the project plan evolves
True
False
Measuring the quality and performance of a software through any mean is much better
than just making a guess about it.
true
false
The extent to which a program satisfies its specification and fulfills the customer’s
mission objectives is said to be achieving the
Usability
Efficiency
Reliability
Correctness
Integrity means that the software should
help the users to enjoy usability
none of the given
Withstand the attack from a hacker
help the hacker to hack the system
Ambiguous requirements can be measured quantitatively
false
true
Which is used to determine the most viable option for cost estimation when the
information in the “Decision tree” is complete.
E = 3.2 (KLOC) 1.05
Expected cost = (path probability)I x (estimated path cost)
Expected cost = (path probability)I x (estimated path cost)
After building the Decision Tree, following formula is used to find the expected cost for
an option. Choose the correct formula:
Expected Cost= (path probability)i * (estimated path cost)
Expected Cost= (path probability)i / (estimated path cost)
Expected Cost= (path probability)i + (estimated path cost)
Expected Cost= (path probability)i - (estimated path cost)
Degree of uncertainty that the product will meet its requirements and be fit for its
intended use is the
Cost risks
Schedule risks
Performance risks
None of the given choices
The Spiral model of software development is of Iterative nature
true
false
__________________is data that influences an elementary process of the application
being counted.
Elementary Process
External Query
External Output
Control Information
Empirical models are statistical models and are based upon historic data
True
False
An entity which defines many-to-many relationship between two or more entities is called
Associative Entity Type
Attributive Entity Type
Entity Subtype
None of these
Software risk impact assessment should focus on consequences affecting
performance, support, cost, schedule
planning, resources, cost, schedule
marketability, cost, personnel
business, technology, process
Every task or group of tasks should be associated with a project ------------.
Schedule
Member
Manager
Milestone
. Several entities are always created -------------- and deleted together then this is a strong
indication
that they should be grouped into ---------- logical file/files
Together, Single
2.A --------------entity is the one which have any ----------- in the problem domain without
some other
entity.
Weak, Function
3. When more than one user interpret the same requirement in different ways then we can
say that
the requirements are
None of the given
4. The most famous of these models is the COCOMO - COnstructive COst MOdel –
model.It also has
many different versions. The simplest of these versions is given below:
E = 3.2 (KLOC)1.05
4. a PM has to first come up with the schedule and then monitor the progress
of the project to ensure that things are happening according to the schedule. It would not
be out of place to quote Fred Brooks at this point. He says, “Projects fall behind schedule
one day at a time.”
5.After building the Decision Tree, following formula is used to find the expected cost for an
option.
Choose the correct formula:
Expected Cost= ?(path probability)i * (estimated path cost)
6. Every project has a defined number of staff members. As time allocation occurs, the
project
manager must ensure that no more than the allocated number of ---- people --------- have
been
scheduled at any given time.
7. The most important objective of any engineering activity is to produce high quality
product with
limited resources and---time-----
8. …………………. interfaces are data that is shared with other programs.
9. ... control charts......technique was initially developed for manufacturing processes
in
the 1920’s by Walter Shewart.
FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2008
Ref No: 324799
Time: 120 min
Marks: 70
The
purpose of earned value analysis is to
The
RMMM plan assists the project team in developing strategy for dealing with risk. In this context,
an
effective strategy must consider:
. Risk avoidance
. Risk monitoring
. Risk management and contingency plan
. All of the given choices
The
component-based development model is
. only appropriate for computer hardware design.
. not able to support the development of reusable components.
. dependent on object technologies for support.
. not cost effective by known quantifiable software metrics.
In
___________ representation of CMMI model, consideration is given to improve all the defined
processes
areas.
. Staged
. Continuous
If
you know the relationship between the use cases, classes, GUIs, Test cases and other artifacts
then we can
say that requirements are traceable in that project.
.True
.False
.True
.False
Check in and Check out is actually one and the same process with two different names
.True
.False
If a
new version of a product is released by fixing the bugs in the previous release then it is termed as
_________________
.Product Update
.Product Upgrade
.Defect Removal
.Product Performance
When an Item is baselined, it becomes frozen, here frozen means, that the item can be changed
only by
creating an old version
.true
.false
Configuration Item identification involves:
.Identifying the structure of the s/w system
.Uniquely identify individual components
.Uniquely identifying various revisions
.All of the given
Incomplete Configuration identification documents may result in:
.Schedule Product
.all of the given choices are correct
.Defective Product
.Higher Maintenance Costs
If
Configuration item identification is not identified, it is possible to control changes and establish
records.
. True
. False
Availability and Reliability are concerned with
. Perceived quality
. Quantitatively measured quality
Software Availability can be calculated by the following equation:
. Availability = (MTTR/MTTF) x 100
. Availability = (MTBF/MTTR) x 100
. Availability = (MTTF/MTBF) x 100
. Availability = (MTBF/MTTF) x 100
Phase Index can be calculated by the help of the following formula, where
Ei – the total number of errors uncovered during the ith step in the SE process
Si – number of serious errors
Mi – number of moderate errors
Ti – number of minor errors
PSi – product size at the ith step
ws, wm, wt – weighting factors for serious, moderate, and minor errors
. PIi = ws(Si/Ei) + wm(Mi/Ei) + wt(Ti/Ei)
. PIi = ws(Si/Ei) + wm(Mi/Mi) + wt(Ti/T)
. PIi = ws(Si/Ei) + wm(Mi/Mi) + wt(Ti/Ei)
. PIi = ws(Si/S) + wm(Mi/M) + wt(Ti/E)
The
higher the Error Index, the higher will be the Defect Removal Efficiency
. True
. False
The
goal of quality assurance is to provide management with the data needed to determine which
software
engineers are producing the most defects.
. true
. false
From the following listed software development Model, which one is an object oriented model
. Classical life cycle model
. Fountain model
. Spiral model
. Waterfall model
The
prototyping model of software development is
. a reasonable approach when requirements are well defined.
. a useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly.
. the best approach to use for projects with large development teams.
. a risky model that rarely produces a meaningful product.
___________________is a team organization where there is no permanent leader and task
coordinators
are appointed for short duration. Decisions on problems and approach are made by group
consensus and
communication among team is horizontal.
. Democratic decentralized (DD)
. Controlled decentralized (CD)
. Synchronous paradigm (SP)
. Controlled centralized (CC)
Fall 2009
Time: 120 min
Marks: 85
___________________is a team organization where there is no permanent leader and task
coordinators
are appointed for short duration. Decisions on problems and approach are made by group
consensus and
. Democratic decentralized (DD)
. Controlled decentralized (CD)
. Synchronous paradigm (SP)
. Controlled centralized (CC)
Which of these software characteristics are used to determine the scope of a software project?
. Context, lines of code, function
. context, function, communication requirements
. information objectives, function, performance
. communications requirements, performance, information objectives
Function Point analysis is helpful in calculating the size of the software for ____________
. Both client and software organization
. Software organization
. Client
. User
The
extent to which a program satisfies its specification and fulfills the customer’s mission objectives
is said
to be achieving the
. Usability
. Efficiency
. Reliability
. Correctness
A
consideration of software scope must include an evaluation of all external interfaces.
. true
. false
When more than one user interpret the same requirement in different ways then we can say that
the
requirements are
. None of the given
. Incomplete
. Incorrect
. Ambiguous
Most
recent data is more relevant while assessing the progress at a given point of time.
. True
. False

. The greater the dependency between the components the greater is coupling
. The lesser the dependency between the components the greater is coupling
. The greater the dependency between the components the lesser is coupling
. None of the given
If an
error related to requirements is identified in testing phase, so this error will be considered as an
error in
___________ phase.
. Design
. Code
. Requirement
. Testing
. all of the given
. all of the given
Review is a type of _________ that helps preventing the bugs to move in the next stage of
software
development
. Bug seeding tool
. Filter
. Alarm
. Help in finding the size of the project ========
Defect Removal Efficiency can be increased by
. By increasing the team member in a team
. Identifying the defect in early stages of development so that it may not be amplified
. Identifying the detect in the later stages of project
. By performing the testing activity only
When a software is delivered to a client and then client reports the bug in it then that bug is
termed as
. Error
. Defect
. Mistake
. Fault
Review meeting is attended by the following except
(choose most appropriate)
. Review leader
. All reviewers
. CEO
. Product Producer
Following are effective guidelines for Review except
. We need to review the product not the producer
. Be sensitive to personal egos
. Errors should be pointed out gently
. Tone should be high and strict
Poka
Yoke is Japanese term and it means
. Mistake Proofing
.
Mistake Handling
. Mistake identification
.
Mistake assurance
Availability and Reliability are concerned with
. Perceived quality
. Quantitatively measured quality
Which is not correct in the context of Poka-Yoke technique?
. Simple and cheap
. Sophisticated and expensive
. Part of Process
. Indication point should be near to the place where the problem occurred
SCM
is the requirement of the ________ level(s) of CMM
. First
. Second and later
. Third and later
. Only Second
If
Configuration item identification is not identified, it is possible to control changes and establish
records.
. False
. True
Incomplete Configuration identification documents may result in:
. Defective Product
. Higher Maintenance Costs
. Schedule Product
. all of the given choices are correct
When an Item is baselined, it becomes frozen, here frozen means, that the item can be changed
only by
creating an old version
. True
. False
The
Evolution Graph signifies the
. all of the given
The
Change Control Authority does not have the rights to permit to bring the change in the software
. True
. False
Object un-lock is done by
. check in
. check out
. both check-in and check-out
. none of the given
Requirements engineering is the basis of the contract between the developer and the client.
. True
. False
. system hardware
. marketing
Legacy system migration is usually hard. One important reason is that no proper documentation
of the
system is available
. True
. False
While assessing a legacy system for further decision, one should decide the following about the
supplier
. Is supplier still in existence?

. Is supplier still in business?
. Is supplier can provide support?
. All of the given
The
application software is assessed on the basis of following factors except
. Documentation
. Understandability
. Code Refactoring
. Test data
We
modify the internal ______________in code re-structuring
. interface
. design
. data structure
. functionality
In
______________, new user and technology requirement can also be integrated into the re-
engineering
effort.
“A
method requires lot of information from some other class” is a symptom of _____________ bad
smell
. Data clumps
. Lazy class
. Feature envy
. Long Method
_____________ integrates system and software disciplines into single process improvement
framework
for introducing new disciplines as needs arise.
. SEI
. CMMI
. CMM
. ISO
Level _________ is the lowest capability level of CMMI in Continuous representation
.1
.0
.5
.6
Which one of the following describes the data and control to be processed, function, performance,
constraints, interfaces, and reliability?
. Time requirements
. Product Quality
Although there are many different models developed by different researchers for estimation, all of
them
share which one of the following basic structure
. E = 3.2 (KLOC)1.05
. E = A + B * (ev)C
. E = [LOC x B0.333/P]3 x (1/t4)
. none of the given
A
_____________is a user recognizable subgroup of data elements within an ILF or EIF
. Record element type (RET)
. Data Element Type
. External Input
. External Query
There are tools available in the market for project tracking. These tools can automatically track
and
manage the project replacing the need of any human being as a Project Manager.
. True
. False
Any
delay in _____ path makes the whole project delayed.
. Logical
. Neural
. Physical
. Critical
The
responsibilities of a Project Manager does not include
. Make a schedule of project
. Allocate tasks to the resources
. Monitoring the tasks
. Allocate the resources to mange the HR and Accounts activities
..........................subgroups are those that the user has the option of using one or none of the
subgroups during an elementary process.
. Optional
. Mandatory
. None of the Given
. RET
Process discipline is unlikely to be rigorous, but where it exists it may help to ensure that existing
processes are maintained during times of stress and this is done at CMM level ---------.
.1
.4
.3
.2
The
processes at ----------- is focus on continually improving process performance through both
incremental
and innovative technological changes/improvements.
. Level 5
. Level 1
. Level 4
. Level 3
Quantitative process-improvement objectives for the organization are established, continually
revised to
reflect changing business objectives at -------------.
. Level 3
. Level 2
. Level 5
. Level 1
With
a complex class you have to move data and methods around in small pieces to avoid errors, it
seems slow
but it is the …………………because you avoid debugging
. Quickest
. Problem
. None of the given
. Slowest
Spring 2010
Time: 90 min
Marks: 60
In
order to measure the design quality, if the frequency of ripple defects is too large, then it means
that there
is tight coupling and hence the
. design is maintainable
. design is not maintainable
. design has completed
. none of the given
We
can include following type of data in the database for creating matrix aganst each project except
. name of project
. size of project
. company’s CEO name
. cost of project
The
only reason for an estimate to be unreliable is lack of experience related to the application on the
part of
the estimator.
. true
. false
A
consideration of software scope must include an evaluation of all external interfaces.
. true
. false
If an
error related to requirements is identified in testing phase, so this error will be considered as an
error in
___________ phase.
. Design
. Code
. Requirement
. Testing
Usually the performance of the organization change over-night.
. True
. False
Quality is the compliance of software to implicit and explicit quality factors. Identify the explicit
requirement from the following:
. Maintainability
. Compliance with CMMI
. Ease of use
. Efficiency
. Help in finding the size of the project
. True
. False
SCM
. First
. Second and later
. Third and later
. Only Second (correct)
We
can include following items during configuration item identification:
. User Manuals and Documentations
. Source Code
. Software Requirement Specifications
. All of the given choices are correct
If a
_________________
. Product Update
. Product Upgrade
. Defect Removal
Every node signifies ___________ version of a release
. one
. two
. three
. four
The
Change Control Authority does not have the rights to permit to bring the change in the software
. True
. False
Check in and Check out is actually one and the same process with two different names
. True
. False
. True
. False
_____________ is the process of Design recovery. At this stage the documentation of the overall
functionality is created.
. Database Engineering
. Refactoring
In
code restructuring, we do not change the functionality of the code
. True
. False
In
engineering
effort.
A
_____________process is “a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined
business
outcome”.
. Business
. Software
. CMM
. ISO
Software refactoring is a process in which
. External behavior of the system does not change
. Internal behavior of the system does not change
. Design of the software changes
. Architecture of the software changes
The
formal methods model of software development makes use of mathematical methods to
. define the specification for computer-based systems
. all of the given
. develop defect free computer-based systems
. verify the correctness of computer-based systems
. Product Quality
. Time requirements
. Time requirements
. Product Quality
The
software plan is not a static document, it is frequently adjusted to make the project appear on
track to
meet all deadlines and quality targets.
. True
. False
The
projects are classified into following categories except
. New application development
. Reengineering projects
. Concept development projects
. Marketing Development Projects
The
incremental
. Level 5
. Level 1
. Level 4
. Level 3
Quantitative process-improvement objectives for the organization are established, continually
revised to
reflect changing business objectives at -------------.
. Level 3
. Level 2
. Level 5
. Level 1
. Design Requirement
. None of the given
Spring 2010
..
A
law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached will result in
a decline
in effectiveness. This law is know as __________________
. Law of Diminishing returns
. Law of effectiveness
. Law of Saturation
. Law of Marketing returns
. Mathematical
. Perfect
. Haphazard
. Planned
In
_________________ a team is structured along a traditional hierarchy of authority
. closed paradigm
. random paradigm
. open paradigm
MTTC is the abbreviation of
. measured time to change
. mean time to collaborate
. mean time to change
. measure time to cope
While creating matrix for a set of projects, data should be collected that belongs to a similar
domain
. true
. false
The
rapid application development model is
. Another name for component-based development.
. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly
. A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model.
. All of the given
While managing the historical data, we should consider the following except
. Data should be collected only from scientific projects and applications
. Data should be collected from many projects
. Data should be consistent
. Correct data should be taken
. all of the given
When a software is delivered to a client and then client reports the bug in it then that bug is
termed as
. Error
. Defect
. Mistake
. Fault
. True
. False
Software configuration management is used to
. Manage change in the software
. Mange the financials accounts in an organization
. Manage the administration of company
. All of the given
SCM
. First
. Second and later
. Third and later
. Only Second
If a
_________________
. Product Update
. Product Upgrade
. Defect Removal
The
Evolution Graph signifies the
. all of the given
The
management of creeping requirements is important for the ease of
. maintenance
. development
. testing
. all of the given
. system hardware
. marketing
There are many reasons for which the legacy system become difficult to maintain EXCEPT
. Language in which system was developed become obsolete
. lack of consistency as different parts of the system have been developed by different teams
. None of these
. No documentation is available
The
application software is assessed on the basis of following factors except
. Documentation
. Understandability
. Code Refactoring
. Test data
The
process of rediscovering the software design is called
In
engineering
effort.
A
redesigned business process must be prototyped before it is fully integrated into the business.
. False
. True
In
___________ representation of CMMI model, consideration is given to improve selected
processes areas.
. Staged
. Continuous
The
purpose of earned value analysis is to
The
software plan is not a static document, it is frequently adjusted to make the project appear on
track to
meet all deadlines and quality targets.
. True
. False
There are tools available in the market for project tracking. These tools can autmomatically track
and
manage the project replacing the need of any human being as a Project Manager.
. True
. False
Timeline chart is also known as the _____________ chart
. Gantt
. PERT
. FREE LANCE
. None of the given
The
incremental
. Level 5
. Level 1
. Level 4
. Level 3
In a
complex system that will lead to much ………..code to write and maintain.
. More
. None of the given
. Less
. Meaningless
Review is a type of _________ that helps preventing the bugs to move in the next stage of
software
development
. Bug seeding tool
. Filter
. Alarm
. None of the given
Software Engineering II
Quiz Solution
1.1) Testing is a _____________ QA technique
a) fault prevention or blocking
b) fault detection
c) defect prevention through error blocking
1.2) Inspection is a _____________ QA technique
a) fault prevention or blocking
b) fault detection
c) defect prevention through error blocking
1.3) While testing an application we can intentionally inject bugs in a software
application to find the conformity with the perceived functionality.
a) True
b) False
1.4) The prevention of defects being injected into the software can help in
decreasing
the cost of software.
a) True
b) False
1.5) Inspection is a QA technique which is used to detect and remove faults in
a) code
b) design
c) test plans
d) requirement specifications
e) all of the given
1.6) In the software development life cycle, soon the defect is detected will results
in
a) increase in cost of software
b) decrease in software cost
c) both a and b are correct
1.7) During the construction of software, defects can be prevented from being
injected
in software with the help of
a) proper education and training of software engineers
b) use of formal methods
c) use of appropriate tools for testing
d) all of the given option are correct
1.8) __________ QA technique involves typically execution of software and the
observation of program behavior or outcome.
a) Inspection
b) Walkthroughs
c) Testing
d) Reviews
1.9) ___________testing verifies the correct handling of the external functions
provided by the software
a) Black box
b) White box
c) Gray box
1.10) __________ testing verifies the correct implementation of internal units,
structures
and relationship among them.
a) Black box
b) White box
c) Gray box
1.11) The quality expectations of a user are that a software system performs useful
functions that
a) fit user needs
b) perform correctly over repeated period of time
c) both a and b
1.12) ___________is the most influential standard in the software engineering
community today
a) ISO 2004
b) ISO 2001
c) ISO 2000
d) ISO 2003
1.13) There is no difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Engineering
practices in SDLC?
a) True
b) False
1.14) Testing and Software Quality Assurance activities are exactly similar
activities
with different names
a) True
b) False
1.15) The main idea behind Usage based reading technique is
a) to detect as many defects as possible
b) to review the important artifacts of a software
c) to detect the defects in code only
d) none of the given
Quiz Solution
1. Incomplete requirements gathering can result in the ___________ of the project
a) failure
b) reusability
c) success
d) easy maintenance
2. The root causes of project failure are
a) lack of user input
b) incomplete requirement and specification
c) creeping requirement
d) all of the given options
3. The template for organizing SRS given by American Department of Defense and NASA should
be
used for
a) large and complex projects
b) small project
c) medium size projects
d) none of the given
4. Traceability of requirements is helpful in the following except
a) preparing test cases
b) finding uses cases for a particular requirement
c) managing the schedule and budget of the project
d) identifying GUIs for a particular requirement
5. The Change Control Authority does not have the rights to permit the change in the software
a) True
b) False
6. Object un-lock is done by
a) check in
b) check out
c) both
d) none of these
7. In version control process if we opt X.Y.Z as a standard where X signifies major upgrade, Y
signifies
minor upgrades and Z signifies updates (bug fixing). Here _____________ variable(s) can be
changed at
a time.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
8. Every node signifies ___________ version of a release
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
9. Incomplete Configuration identification documents may result in:
A. Defective Product
B. Higher Maintenance Costs
C. Schedule Product
D. Meet Software Quality
E. A,B,C
F. B,C,D
10. When an Item is base lined, it becomes frozen, here frozen means, that the item can be
changed only
by creating an old version
True
False
11. We can include following item(s) during configuration item identification:
A. User Manuals and Documentations
B. Source Code
C. Software Requirement Specifications
D. All of the above
12. Poka Yoke is the name of a
a) Japanese dish
b) QA technique
c) Idiom
d) None of the given
13. Configuration Management can be used while the project is in the ____________ phase
a) Testing
b) Development
c) Maintenance
d) All of the given
14. Poka Yoke is Japanese term and it means
a) Mistake Proofing
b) Mistake Handling
c) Mistake identification
d) Mistake assurance
15. ______________ gives the Mean time for which system remained available for use.
MTTF
MTBF
MTTR
MTTD
Solution Quiz # 2
1. The process of rediscovering the software design is called
a) Reverse Engineering
b) Business Engineering
c) Business Process Engineering
d) Forward Engineering
2. If you know the relationship between the use cases, classes, GUIs, test cases and other artifacts
then
we can say that requirements are traceable in that project.
a) True
b) False
3. _________ involves the restructuring of database or database schema.
a) Data restructuring
b) Code restructuring
c) Process restructuring
d) Design restructuring
4. While assessing a legacy system for further decision, one should decide the following about the
supplier
a) Is supplier still in existence?
b) Is supplier still in business?
c) Is supplier can provide support?
d) All of the given
5. Following factors should be considered while assessing the legacy system except
a) age of hardware and software
b) failure rate
c) support requirement
d) name of the client
6. If the complete software or some components of the software were developed from outside
vendors and
currently no support is available from the vendors then it becomes very easy to further maintain
the
legacy system
a) True
b) False
7. The application software is assessed on the basis of following factors except
a) Documentation
b) Understandability
c) Code Re-factoring
d) Test data
8. Following are the components of a Legacy system except
a) business processes
b) system hardware
c) marketing
d) application software
9. There are many reasons for which the legacy system become difficult to maintain except
a) Lack of consistency as different parts of the system have been developed by different teams
b) Language in which system was developed become obsolete
c) The system is of small size
d) No documentation is available
10. There could be multiple GUIs to satisfy one requirement
a) True
b) False
11. There may be one or more GUIs that are part of any good software but may not satisfy any
requirement
c) True
d) False
12. Check-in and Check-out are actually one and the same processes with two different names
a) True
b) False
13. The need for business process re-engineering arrives because the
a) way to conduct business changes
b) income of the company increases
c) company want to become popular
d) way of programming changes with time
14. Following is NOT the golden principle of Business Process Re-engineering
a) Organize around outcomes, not tasks
b) Have those who use the output of the process perform the process
c) Do not treat geographically information as centralized
d) Incorporate information processing work into the real work that produces the raw information
15. A redesigned business process must be prototyped before it is fully integrated into the
business.
a) True
b) False
Solution Quiz # 3
1. ____________ is a bad smell when a change requires lots of little changes in a lot of different
classes.
Short gun surgery
Duplicated code
Large class
Lazy class
2. If you find the code such that one type of change requires changing one subset of method,
another
type of change requires changing another subset then it is a symptom of
Divergent change
Duplicated code
Large class
Lazy class
3. Software re-factoring is a process in which
External behavior of the system does not change
Internal behavior of the system does not change
Design of the software changes
Architecture of the software changes
4. In ___________ representation of CMMI model, consideration is given to improve selected
processes areas.
Staged
Continuous
5. _____________ integrates system and software disciplines into single process improvement
framework for introducing new disciplines as needs arise.
CMM
CMMI
ISO
SEI
6. “A method requires lot of information from some other class” is a symptom of _____________
bad smell
Data clumps
Feature envy
Long Method
Lazy class
7. Large classes reduces
Cohesion
Coupling
Consistency
Chains
8. Following are the reasons for project failure except
Requirements are not clear
The name of the software
Processes have not been established in the organization
Un-realistic deadline
9. Main characteristic of _______________ model is risk analysis and management
Waterfall
RAD
Spiral
Incremental
10. Coupling and cohesion are the ______ quality factor of the software
external
internal
both external and internal
none of the given
3rd option
Quality
Origin
Safety
Implements
Multiple Choice Quiz

(See related pages)
Results Reporter
Out of 16 questions, you answered 5 correctly with a final grade of 31%
5 correct
(31%)
9 incorrect
(56%)
2
unanswered
(13%)
Your Results:
The correct answer for each question is indicated by a .
Top of Form
Multiple Choice Quizno 4005885 1 0073375977
Section 2.1
15
1
INCORRECT
Which of the following are recognized process flow types?
A)
Concurrent process flow
B)
Iterative process flow
C)
Linear process flow
D) Spiral process flow
E)
both a and c
Section 2.1.3
22
2
CORRECT
Software processes can be constructed out of pre-existing software patterns to best meet the
needs of a software project.
A)
True
B)
False
Section 2.2
35
3
INCORRECT
Which of these are standards for assessing software processes?
A)
SEI
B) SPICE
C)
ISO 9000
D)
ISO 9001
E)
both b and d
Section 2.3.1
44
4
INCORRECT
The waterfall model of software development is
A)
B)
A good approach when a working program is required quickly.
C)
D)
An old fashioned model that is rarely used any more.
Section 2.3.2
54
5
CORRECT
The incremental model of software development is
A)
B) A good approach when a working core product is required quickly.
C)
D)
A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products.
Section 2.3.3
64
6
INCORRECT
Evolutionary software process models
A)
Are iterative in nature
B)
Can easily accommodate product requirements changes
C)
Do not generally produce throwaway systems
D)
All of the above
Section 2.3.3
74
7
CORRECT
A)
B)
A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly.
C) The best approach to use for projects with large development teams.
D)
Section 2.3.3
84
8
UNANSWERED
The spiral model of software development
A) Ends with the delivery of the software product
B)
Is more chaotic than the incremental model
C)
Includes project risks evaluation during each iteration
D)
All of the above
Section 2.3.4
95
9
INCORRECT
The concurrent development model is
A)
Another name for concurrent engineering.
B)
Defines events that trigger engineering activity state transitions.
C)
Only used for development of parallel or distributed systems.
D) Used whenever a large number of change requests are anticipated.
E)
both a and b
Section 2.4.1
10 4
10
INCORRECT
The component-based development model is
A) Only appropriate for computer hardware design.
B)
Not able to support the development of reusable components.
C)
Dependent on object technologies for support.
D)
Not cost effective by known quantifiable software metrics.
Section 2.4.2
11 4
11
UNANSWERED
The formal methods model of software development makes use of mathematical methods
to
A)
Define the specification for computer-based systems
B)
Develop defect free computer-based systems
C)
Verify the correctness of computer-based systems
D) All of the above
Section 2.5.2
12 4
12
INCORRECT
Which of these is not one of the phase names defined by the Unified Process model for
software development?
A) Inception phase
B)
Elaboration phase
C)
Construction phase
D)
Validation phase
Section 2.6.1
13 4
13
CORRECT
Which of these is not a characteristic of Personal Software Process?
A) Emphasizes personal measurement of work product
B)
Practitioner requires careful supervision by the project manager
C)
Individual practitioner is responsible for estimating and scheduling
D)
Practitioner is empowered to control quality of software work products
Section 2.6.2
14 5
14
INCORRECT
Which of these are objectives of Team Software Process?
A)
Accelerate software process improvement
B)
Allow better time management by highly trained professionals
C) Build self-directed software teams
D)
Show managers how to reduce costs and sustain quality
E)
both b and c
Section 2.7
15 2
15
CORRECT
Process technology tools allow software organizations to compress schedules by skipping
unimportant activities.
A)
True
B)
False
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Multiple Choice no Prescriptive Process Models 3 682811 1
0072853182
14
1
INCORRECT
The linear sequential model of software development is
A)
B)
A good approach when a working program is required quickly.
C)
D) An old fashioned model that cannot be used in a modern context.
Feedback:
25
2
INCORRECT The linear sequential model of software development is also known as the
A)
Classical life cycle model
B)
Fountain model
C) Spiral model
D)
Waterfall model
E)
both a and d
Feedback:
34
3 CORRECT
The incremental model of software development is
A)
B)
A good approach when a working core product is required quickly.
C)
D) A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products.
Feedback:
44
4
INCORRECT
The rapid application development model is
A)
Another name for component-based development.
B) A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly.
C)
A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model.
D)
All of the above.
Feedback:
54
5
INCORRECT
Evolutionary software process models
A)
Are iterative in nature
B)
Can easily accommodate product requirements changes
C)
Do not generally produce throwaway systems
D) All of the above
Feedback:
64
6 CORRECT
A)
B) A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly.
C)
D)
Feedback:
74
7
INCORRECT
The spiral model of software development
A)
Ends with the delivery of the software product
B)
Is more chaotic than the incremental model
C)
Includes project risks evaluation during each iteration
D) All of the above
Feedback:
84
8 CORRECT
The concurrent development model is
A)
Another name for the rapid application development model.
B) Often used for the development of client/server applications.
C)
Only used for development of parallel or distributed systems.
D)
Used whenever a large number of change requests are anticipated.
Feedback:
94
9 CORRECT
The component-based development model is
A) Only appropriate for computer hardware design.
B)
Not able to support the development of reusable components.
C)
Works best when object technologies are available for support.
D)
Not cost effective by known quantifiable software metrics.
Feedback:
10 4
10
INCORRECT
The formal methods model of software development makes use of mathematical
methods to
A)
Define the specification for computer-based systems
B) Develop defect free computer-based systems
C)
Verify the correctness of computer-based systems
D)
All of the above
Feedback:
11 4
11
INCORRECT
Which of these is not one of the phase names defined by the Unified Process
model for software development?
A)
Inception phase
B)
Elaboration phase
C)
Construction phase
D) Validation phase
Feedback:
12 2
12
CORRECT
In the Unified Process model requirements are determined iteratively and may
span more than one phase of the process.
A) True
B)
False
Bottom of Form
Your Results:
Top of Form
Multiple Choice no Reengineering 31 682839 1
0072853182
14
1
INCORRECT
Which of the following is not an example of a business process?
A)
designing a new product
B)
hiring an employee
C) purchasing services
D)
testing software
24
2
INCORRECT
Which of the following is not a principle that should guide business process
reengineering?
A) capture data at each source
B)
fully redocument legacy processes
C)
organize around outcomes
D)
put decision point where work is performed
32
3
INCORRECT
Business process reengineering has no start or end—it is an evolutionary
process.
A)
True
B) False
42
4
INCORRECT
Business process reengineering is just another silver bullet fad with no real
benefits to anyone.
A)
True
B) False
54
5
INCORRECT
How much of software maintenance work involves fixing errors?
A)
20 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 60 percent
D)
80 percent
64
6
INCORRECT
Which of the following activities is not part of the software reengineering process
model?
A)
forward engineering
B)
inventory analysis
C)
prototyping
D) reverse engineering
74
7
INCORRECT
The software reengineering process model includes restructuring activities for
which of the following work items?
A)
code
B) documentation
C)
data
D)
all of the above
84
8
INCORRECT
Which of the following is not an issue to consider when reverse engineering?
A) abstraction level
B) completeness
C)
connectivity
D)
directionality
94
9
INCORRECT
Reverse engineering of data focuses on
A)
database structures
B)
internal data structures
C)
both a and b
D) none of the above
10 4
10
CORRECT
The first reverse engineering activity involves seeking to understand
A)
data
B)
processing
C) user interfaces
D)
none of the above
11 2
11
CORRECT
Reverse engineering should preceed the reengineering of any user interface.
A)
True
B) False
12 4
12
INCORRECT
Which of these benefits can be achieved when software is restructured?
A)
higher quality programs
B)
reduced maintenance effort
C) software easier to test
D) all of the above
13 2
13
INCORRECT
Code restructuring is the most important activity performed as part of software
reengineering.
A) True
B)
False
14 4
14
INCORRECT
Which of these is not an example of data redesign?
A)
data analysis
B) data name rationalization
C)
data record standardization
D)
none of the above
15 2
15
INCORRECT
Forward engineering is not necessary if an existing software product is
producing the correct output.
A)
True
B)
False
16 2
16
CORRECT
Reengineering client/server systems begins with a thorough analysis of the
business environment that encompasses the existing computing system.
A)
True
B)
False
17 2
17
INCORRECT
The only time reengineering enters into work with a legacy system is when its
components will be implemented as objects.
A)
True
B)
False
18 4
18
INCORRECT
Which of these activities would not be part of a process model for reengineering
a user interface?
A)
correct ergonomic failings of the interface
B)
design or expert users only
C) remodel the interface behavior
D)
understanding the original interface
19 2
19
CORRECT
The cost benefits derived from reengineering are realized largely due to
decreased maintenance and support costs for the new software product.
A) True
B)
False
Bottom of Form
my cs 605 paper is
1)DD &CD{2M}
2)EMPIRICAL MODEL{2M}
Empirical models are statistical models and are based upon historic data. Although there
are many different models developed by different researchers, all of them share the
following basic structure:
E = A + B * (ev)C
where
A, B, c are empirical constants,
‘ev’ is the effort in terms of lines of code or FP, and
‘E’ is the effort in terms of person months.
3)TYPES OF RISKS{3M}
4)WHAT ARE METRICS FOR SMALL ORGINIZATION{3M}
Organizations without metrics can find it difficult to evaluate their processes and compare old
results
against anticipated outcomes; these organizations will not be able to spot the good or bad
trends and
determine software process model improvement. It is vital that organizations embrace SPMM
in
order to avoid repeating the same (potentially very costly) mistakes and then use these results
to
selfevaluate and move the organization more efficiently towards a model of success
Small organizations see the adoption of SPMM as a luxury that requires many employees in
order to
effectively achieve the desired results and may be more inclined to hire a single professional
experience in SPMM rather than train the employees from the ground up due to cost
associated with
training the employees and with production cycle time loss resultant in training
5)PROCESS DRIVEN AND DATA DRIVEN APPROACH{5 M}
Process Driven Approach
If several entities are always created together and deleted together then this is a strong
indication that they should be grouped into a single logical file.
‧ A customer PO is a single group of data from a user business perspective.
‧ It consists of a header and items information.
‧ From a business perspective, an order cannot be created unless it has at least one item
and if the order is deleted both the order header and items are deleted. However the
header and the items may have independent maintenance transactions.
Data Driven Approach
Entity Independence: an entity has significance to the business in and of itself without
the presence of other entities. This is a logical file.
Entity Dependence: an entity is not meaningful, has no significance to the business in
and of itself without the presence of other entities. This is an RET.
6)ONE FROM RISK TECHNIQUES {5M}
My today paper of S.EII CS605
Differentiate between Software metrics and Software measure (5)
Within the software engineering domain, a measure provides a quantitative value of some
attribute of
a process or a product. For example, size is one measure of a software product where as
Software
metric relates individual software measures to provide a normalized view. For example,
defects per
function point are one metric which relates two individual measures, that is, defects and size,
into one
metric.
What do u mean by Interdependency? Briefly explain how it effects the
Project Schedule? (5)
Interdepency is the Principle of Software Project Scheduling.It says that tasks that can be
completed
in parallel must be separated from those that must completed serially.Moreover it means that
the
relationships between the tasks have to be established because some activities will depend on
other,
while other activities may occur independently;
Each quality strategy has different actions which cause different effects There is clearly more
work
to be done to develop a dynamic model to show the changes in a software project It makes
the SW
project Scheduling easy and understandable, easy to implement and improve the status of the
project.
Also implement features and help in completing the project within time n COSt.
If we fall behind schedule we can always add more programmers and catch to late in the
project” Has
a disruptive effect on the project Schedules slip even further
TECHNICAL INTERDEPENDENCY: example
If a set of mutually exclusive projects is identified, a project belonging to this set can only be
chosen
if no other project from the set is selected. If the projects in the set are contingent upon each
other, a
project belonging to the set can only be selected if all other projects in the set are selected
[Fox et. al
(1984)]. These are considered technical interdependencies
What would you understand by the term Risk? (3)
It is linked with foresight, and that's what futurists try to do. a person or thing considered
with respect
to the characteristics that may cause an insured event to occur or IT is exposure to a
proposition of
which one is uncertain.
Risk concerns future happenings. Today and yesterday are beyond active concern.
The question is, can we, therefore, by changing our action today create and opportunity for a
different and hopefully better situation for ourselves tomorrow.
This means, second, that risk involves change, such as changes in mind, opinion, action, or
places
What is a good Metric System? (3)
The metric system or International System of Units, is the most widely used system of units.
It is
used for everyday commerce in virtually every country of the world except the United
States.It is
most accurate .All need the metric system to be good for anything accurate! The argument:
"The
English system is accurate because the metric system is accurate"
Differentiate between Democratic Decentralized and Controlled Decentralized?\
(2)
‧ Democratic decentralized (DD)
In this organization there is no permanent leader and task coordinators are appointed for
short duration. Decisions on problems and approach are made by group consensus and
‧ Controlled decentralized (CD)
In CD, there is a defined leader who coordinates specific tasks. However, problem
solving remains a group activity and communication among subgroups and individuals is
horizontal. Vertical communication along the control hierarchy also occurs.
Differentiate between compartmentalization and Interdependency? (2)
‧ Compartmentalization
The project must be compartmentalized into a number of manageable activities and tasks.
To accomplish compartmentalization, both the product and process are decomposed.
‧ Interdependency
The interdependency of each compartmentalized activity or task must be determined.
Some tasks must occur in sequence while others can occur in parallel. Some activities
cannot commence until the work product produced by another is available.
How can we develop Moving Ranges Control Charts? (2)
We can develop the Moving Range Control Chart as follows:
1. Calculate the moving ranges: the absolute values of the successive differences
between each pair of data point. Plot these moving ranges on your chart. (the dark
blue line)
2. Calculate the mean of the moving ranges. Plot this on the chart. (the red line)
3. Multiply the mean with 3.268. Plot this as the Upper Control Line (UCL). This
line is 3 standard deviations above the line. (the light blue line)
4. To determine whether the process metrics description is stable, a simple question
is asked: are the moving ranges values inside the UCL? If the answer is yes then
the process is stable otherwise it is unstable.
Es k ilawa 14 MCq's thay jo zyada tar last lectures mein say aaye thay aur
quizes mein say bhi
Which of these are valid
software configuration items?
A) software tools
B) documentation
C)
executable programs
D)
test data
E) all of the above
24
2 INCORRECT
Which of the following is not considered one of the four
important elements that should exist when a configuration
management system is developed?
A)
component elements
B)
human elements
C) process elements
D)
validation elements
32
3 INCORRECT
Once a software engineering work product becomes a baseline
it cannot be changed again.
A) True
B)
False
45
4 INCORRECT
Which configuration objects would not typically be found in the
project database?
A) design specification
B)
marketing data
C)
organizational structure description
D)
test plans
E) both b and c
52
5 INCORRECT
Modern software engineering practice suggests that a software
team maintain SCI's in a project database or repository.
A)
True
B) False
64
6 INCORRECT
A data repository metamodel is used to determine how
A)
information is stored in the repository
B) data integrity can be maintained
C) the existing model can be extended
D)
All of the above
72
7 INCORRECT
Many data repository requirements are the same as those for
a typical database application.
A)
True
B)
False
82
8 INCORRECT
The ability to track relationships and changes to configuration
objects is one of the most important features of the SCM
repository.
A)
True
B) False
94
9 INCORRECT
Which of the following tasks is not part of software
configuration management?
A)
change control
B) reporting
C)
statistical quality control
D)
version control
10 4
10 INCORRECT
A basic configuration object is a __________ created by a
software engineer during some phase of the software
development process.
A) program data structure
B)
a software component
C)
unit of information
D) all of the above
11 4
11 INCORRECT
A new __________ is defined when major changes have been
made to one or more configuration objects.
A)
entity
B) item
C)
variant
D)
version
12 2
12 INCORRECT
Change control is not necessary if a development group is
making use of an automated project database tool.
A)
True
B)
False
13 4
13 CORRECT
When software configuration management is a formal activity,
the software configuration audit is conducted by the
A)
development team
B)
quality assurance group
C) senior managers
D)
testing specialists
14 4
14 INCORRECT
The primary purpose of configuration status reporting is to
A)
allow revision of project schedules and cost estimates
by project managers
B)
evaluate the performance of software developers and
organizations
C)
make sure that change information is communicated
to all affected parties
D)
none of the above
15 5
15 INCORRECT
Configuration issues that need to be considered when
developing WebApps include:
A)
content
B) cost
C)
people
D)
politics
E)
a, b, and c
16 4
16 INCORRECT
WebApp configuration objects can be managed in much the
same way as conventional software configuration objects
except for:
A)
content items
B)
functional items
C)
graphic items
D)
user items
17 2
17 CORRECT
Content management establishes a process by which Web
content is rendered on the user's display screen.
A)
True
B)
False
18 2
18 UNANSWERED
Change management for WebApps is best handled in agile
manner.
A)
True
B)
False
19 2
19 CORRECT
One reason that version control is difficult for WebApps is that
in an uncontrolled environment, you can have multiple authors
making changes to the same files from multiple locations
without any realizing it.
A)
True
B)
False
20 2
20 CORRECT
Requiring developers to check Web configuration items in and
out and sending affected stakeholders e-mail messages
automatically are good ways to deal with configuration
auditing and reporting for WebApps.
A) True
B)
False
21 2
21 CORRECT
SCI standards take a formal view and do not address
guidelines for applying change management in agile
environments.
A) True
B)
False
Software
projects are
inevitably late
and there is
nothing that
can explain
why.
A)
True
B)
False
Section 27.1
22
2
INCORRECT
It is unethical to undertake a project that you know in advance cannot be
completed by the customer's deadline, unless you inform the customer of the
risk and establish a project plan that can deliver the needed system
incrementally.
A)
True
B)
False
Section 27.2.1
34
3
CORRECT
Which of the following is not one of the guiding principles of software project
scheduling:
A) compartmentalization
B)
market assessment
C)
time allocation
D)
effort validation
Section 27.2.2
42
4
INCORRECT
Doubling the size of your software project team is guaranteed to cut project
completion time in half.
A) True
B)
False
Section 27.2.2
54
5
INCORRECT
The software equation can be used to show that by extending the project
deadline slightly
A)
fewer people are required
B)
you are guaranteed to meet the deadline
C) more lines of code can be produced
D) none of the above
Section 27.2.3
64
6
INCORRECT
The 40-20-40 rule suggests that the least of amount of development effort be
spent on
A)
estimation and planning
B)
analysis and design
C)
coding
D) testing
Section 27.3
74
7
INCORRECT
A task set is a collection of
A) engineering work tasks, milestones, deliverables
B)
task assignments, cost estimates, metrics
C)
milestones, deliverables, metrics
D)
responsibilities, milestones, documents
Section 27.4
85
8
INCORRECT
The task (activity) network is a useful mechanism for
A)
computing the overall effort estimate
B)
detecting intertask dependencies
C) determining the critical path
D)
specifying the task set to the customer
E)
both b and c
Section 27.4
92
9
CORRECT
Tasks that lie on the critical path in a task network may be completed in any order
as long as the project is on schedule.
A)
True
B) False
Section 27.5
10 5
10
INCORRECT
Two tools for computing critical path and project completion times from activity
networks are
A)
CPM
B)
DRE
C)
FP
D) PERT
E)
both a and d
Section 27.5.1
11 2
11
CORRECT
Timeline charts assist project managers in determining what tasks will be conducted
at a given point in time.
A)
True
B)
False
Section 27.5.2
12 4
12
CORRECT
The best indicator of progress on a software project is the completion
A)
of a defined engineering activity task
B)
of a successful budget review meeting on time
C) and successful review of a defined software work product
D)
and successful acceptance of project prototype by the customer
Section 27.5.3
13 2
13
INCORRECT
Since iterative process model work best for object-oriented projects it is
impossible to determine whether an increment will be completed on time or not.
A)
True
B)
False
Section 27.5.4
14 2
14
INCORRECT
WebApp projects only require the creation of a macro schedule.
A)
True
B)
False
Section 27.6
15 4
15
CORRECT
The purpose of earned value analysis is to
A)
determine how to compensate developers based on their productivity
B)
provide a quantitative means of assessing software project progress
C) provide a qualitative means of assessing software project progress
D)
set the price point for a software product based on development effort
Effective
software project
management
focuses on four
P's which are
A)
people, performance, payoff, product
B) people, product, performance, process
C) people, product, process, project
D)
people, process, payoff, product
22
2 CORRECT
Organizations that achieve high levels of maturity in people management
have a higher likelihood of implementing effective software engineering
processes.
A) True
B)
False
34
3
INCORRECT
The first step in project planning is to
A)
determine the budget.
B) select a team organizational model.
C)
determine the project constraints.
D)
establish the objectives and scope.
44
4
INCORRECT
Process framework activities are populated with
A) milestones
B) work products
C)
QA points
D)
All of the above
52
5 CORRECT
Project management is less important for modern software development
since most projects are successful and completed on time.
A)
True
B)
False
64
6
INCORRECT
Which of the following is not generally considered a player in the software
process?
A)
customers
B)
end-users
C) project managers
D)
sales people
72
7 CORRECT
The best person to hire as a project team leader is the most competent
software engineering practitioner available.
A) True
B)
False
84
8 CORRECT
The best project team organizational model to use when tackling
extremely complex problems is the
A)
closed paradigm
B)
open paradigm
C)
random paradigm
D) synchronous paradigm
95
9
INCORRECT
Which factors should be considered in choosing the organizational
structure for a software team? (Select all that apply)
A)
degree of communication desired
B) predicted size of the resulting program
C)
rigidity of the delivery date
D)
size of the project budget
E)
a, b, and c
10 4
10
INCORRECT
One of the best ways to avoid frustration during the software development
process is to
A)
give team members more control over process and technical
decisions.
B)
give team members less control over process and technical
decisions.
C)
hide bad news from the project team members until things
improve.
D)
reward programmers based on their productivity.
11 2
11
INCORRECT
Small agile teams have no place in modern software development.
A)
True
B)
False
12 4
12
INCORRECT
Which of these software characteristics is not a factor contributing to
project coordination difficulties?
A)
interoperability
B)
performance
C)
scale
D)
uncertainty
13 4
13
INCORRECT
Which of these software characteristics are used to determine the scope of
a software project?
A)
context, lines of code, function
B)
context, function, communication requirements
C)
information objectives, function, performance
D)
communications requirements, performance, information
objectives
14 5
14
INCORRECT
The major areas of problem decomposition during the project scoping
activity are the
A)
customer workflow
B)
functionality to be delivered
C)
process used to deliver functionality
D) software process model
E)
both b and c
15 2
15
INCORRECT
Product and process decomposition often occurs simultaneously as the
project plan evolves.
A) True
B)
False
16 4
16
INCORRECT
When can selected common process framework activities be omitted
during process decomposition?
A) when the project is extremely small in size
B)
any time the software is mission critical
C)
rapid prototyping does not require their use
D) never—the activities should always occur
17 5
17
INCORRECT
How does a software project manager need to act to minimize the risk of
software failure?
A)
double the project team size
B) request a large budget
C)
start on the right foot
D)
track progress
E)
both c and d
18 5
18
INCORRECT
The W5HH principle contains which of the following questions?
A)
Why is the system being developed?
B)
What will be done by whom?
C)
Where are they organizationally located?
D) How much of each resource is required?
E)
a, c, and d
19 5
19
INCORRECT
Which of these are critical practices for performance-based project
management?
A) assessing product usability
B)
defect tracking against quality targets
C)
empirical cost estimation
D) formal risk management
E) b, c, and d
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