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HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
1.0 PURPOSE .................................................................. ... .... ........ .. .... . ....... ... . .............. ..... 3
2.0 SCOPE ................ ............................... ... ............... ........ .... .. .......... .. ........... ....... ....... ... .... 3
3.0 INTRODUCTION .... ... .... ................ ............................... .................................... ... ........... 3
4.0 SUMMER AND RAMADAM WORKING HOURS .. .. .............. ......... ...... ........................ . 3
5.0 HEAT STRESS INFORMATION .................................................................................... 3
5.1 EFFECT UPON THE BODY .. .......... ...................................... .... .......... .... .. ....................... 3
5.2 SIGN AND SYMPTOM ................................ ........ .................................. .... .................. ..... 3
5.2.1 HEAT STROKE .................. .............................. ................. ..................... .... .. .................... 3
5.2.2 HEAT EXHAUSTION ......... ................................. ........... .. .. ................................. .. ............ 4
5.2.3 HEAT CRAMPS ................................................................................................................ 5
6.0 PREVENTION PROGRAM .. ........ .............. .............. ..... .......... .. ...... .................. ....... .. ... .... 5
7.0 ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN FOR DEHYDRATION .... .. .. ........................... .. .... .. .. ........ ........ 6
8.0 TRAINING ......................................................................................................................... 6
9.0 WEATHER ........................................................................................................................ ?
10.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................... 7
11 .0 OTHER ARRANGEMENT ................................................................................................ 8
12.0 MONITORING AND REVISION OF THE PLAN .............................................................. 8
13.0 ATTACHMENT .... ....... ............... .... .. .............. ...................... .... ................. ................ ....... 9

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HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN

1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this procedure is to outline. the general requirements and precautionary
measures and actions which should be taken during hot weather works Including the
Summerand Ramadan working Hours.

2.0 SCOPE

This heat stress procedure identifies the general steps, arrangements and precautions
to befollowed during Hot Weather/summer working.

3.0 INTRODUCTION

In general, there will be high temperature in summer. In addition to this the humidity also
will riseand compound the problem. Heat stress will or could be a major factor in the
health safetyand welfare of the workforce.

4.0 SUMMER AND RAMADAM WORKING HOURS

Summer working hours will take effect on June 15th and will be in force until August 31, as
perthe ministerial decree No. 16 of 2007.
No work will be permitted under direct sunlight from 11 ; 30 until 15; 3 0 .
During the Holy month of Ramadan Muslim workers will only be permitted to work for a
maximum of 6 hours per day as per Law.

5.0 HEAT STRESS INFORMATION

5.1 EFFECT UPON THE BODY

The human body can only deal with a certain amount of heat and humidity. When a level
hasbeen reached where the body cannot deal with the heat, the systems within the
body stopworking and our bodies cannot cool itself, levels of body fluids become low,
which means wedo not sweat, our internal body temperature rises Oust like a car with a
faulty thermostat). This iscalled hypothermia.

5.2 SIGN AND SYMPTOM

5.2.1 HEAT STROKE

Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related disorder. It occurs when the body becomes
unable to control its temperature: the body's temperature rises rapidly, the sweating
mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. When heat stroke occurs, the body
temperature can rise to 106 degrees Fahrenheit or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. Heat
stroke can cause death or permanent disability if emergency Aid or treatment is not given.

Symptoms
• Symptoms of heat stroke include
• Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating
• Hallucinations
• Chills
• Throbbing headache

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HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN

• High body temperature
• Confusion/Dizziness

THE FOLLOWING STEPS MUST BE TAKEN TO TREAT A PERSON WITH HEAT STROKE:

• Call First Aider and also notify the supervisor.

• Move the person (worker) to a cool shaded area. (Shaded rest area is suitable)
• Cool the person (worker) using methods such as: Soaking their clothes with
cool water,Spraying, sponging, or shower them with cool water, fanning their
body. This will help inlowering the body's temperature.

5.2.2 HEAT EXHAUSTION

Heat exhaustion is a condition whose symptoms may include heavy sweating and a rapid
pulse, a resultof your body overheating. It's one of three heat-related syndromes, with heat
cramps being the mildestand heatstroke being the most severe.
Causes of heat exhaustion include exposure to high temperatures, particularly when
combined with highhumidity, and strenuous physical activity. Without prompt treatment,
heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition. Fortunately, heat
exhaustion is preventable.

Symptoms:
Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion may develop suddenly or over time, especially
with prolongedperiods of exercise. Possible heat exhaustion signs and symptoms
include :

• Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat

• Heavy sweating
• Faintness
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Weak, rapid pulse
• Low blood pressure upon standing
• Muscle cramps
• Nausea
• Headache

Treating Heat Exhaustion

Treat a person (worker) suffering from heat exhaustion with the following :
• Have them rest in a cool, shaded or air-conditioned area.
• Have them drink plenty of water or other cool, non-alcoholic beverages.
• Have them take a cool shower, bath, or sponge bath.

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M01 O-MSI-HSE-OO-PLN-02007-Rev. 5
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HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN
5.2.3 HEAT CRAMPS

Heat cramps are painful, involuntary muscle spasms that usually occur during
heavy exercise in hotenvironments. The spasms may be more intense and more
prolonged than are typical nighttime legcramps. Fluid and electrolyte loss often
contribute to heat cramps.

Muscles most often affected include those of your calves, arms, abdominal wall and
back, although heatcramps may involve any muscle group involved in exercise.

Symptoms:
Muscle pain or spasms usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs .

Treating Heat Cramps

• Rest briefly and cool down
• Drink clear juice or an electrolyte-containing sports drink
• Practice gentle, range-of-motion stretching and gentle massage of the affected muscle
group
• Don't resume strenuous activity for several hours or longer after heat cramps go away
• Call your doctor if your cramps don't go away within one hour or so

Make no mistakes in your thinking; heat stress can result in death. Heat stress and heat
exhaustion are both killers.

6.0 PREVENTION PROGRAM

• Government rules and regulation regarding summer work will be strictly

implemented
• Heat stress prevention procedure will be developed and adhered to at
all time
• Regular awareness training on Heat stress will be given throughout the summer
working months
• Workers exposure to heat will be monitored and work schedules will be modified
accordingly.
• Shaded rest areas will be provided at designated work locations for the workers to
enable them to take frequent rest during working hours.
• Light colour cotton clothing will be worn whenever possible.
• Loose clothing is recommended as this allows for the for better air circulation .
• Coffee and tea, alcohol and any other carbonated drinks should be avoided.
• A work plan will be communicated on day to day basis to site staff to undertake
effective control measures on the basis of Heat stress plan.
• Water intake should be at least 2 litters of water every 2 -3 hours during working
hours.
• A Plan and schedule for outdoor works will be implemented so as not to expose
employees to continuous high temperatures.
• Routine and non-routine activities will be re-evaluated and manual work will be done
mechanically where ever possible.

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M01 O-MSI-HSE-OO-PLN-02007-Rev. 5
 HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN
EVERY PERSON CAN MONITOR THEMSELVES BY OBSERVING THEIR URINE. IF IT IS
DARK, YOU ARE BECOMING DEHYDRATED, DRINK MORE FLUIDS, IF YOU DRINK TEA
OR COFFEE, THIS WILL ADD TO HEAT STRESS BECAUSE TEAIS A DIURETIC
SUBSTANCE WHICH MAKES YOU PASS MORE FLUIDS FROM YOUR BODY- DRINK
WATER, YOUR URINE SHOULD BE IN ALMOST CLEAR COLOR. (SEE EXAMPLE CHART
BELOW)

OJ OJ OJ 1JJ OJ 1JJ 1JJ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Well hydrated ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ..... Poorly hydrated

Ill
7.0 ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN FOR DEHYDRATION

The following actions must be taken In case a person (worker) is suspected from suffering from
dehydration, Heat Exhaustion or Heat Stroke.

• Shift/move the person to a cool shaded area and make him lie down with the head and
shoulder slightly raised.
• Unbutton over-all/ shirt. (Never crowd around the patient).
• Sponge with cool water on his face and head.
• Call for medical help on (No TBC) and arrange to shift the victim immediately.
• Seek and follow medical advice.
• On getting advice from the medical team, give cool water to drink. (Sips only)
• Cascade the learning values from the patient to all to prevent re-occurrence.
• Reduce physical demands of work.
• Provide recovery areas. (A/C Room).
• Intermittent rest periods and water breaks will be put in place.
• Use shift system. (Day and Night Shift

8.0 TRAINING

Heat stress management awareness Training will be included at site safety Inductions for all
employees including office staff.
A Separate training session will be provided for all the employees regarding
• The awareness of heat stress, SEE ATTACHED DOCUMENTATION
• Heat related health problems, SEE ATTACHED DOCUMENTATION
• How to handle / act during heat stress related accident SEE ATIACHED
DOCUMENTATION
• Frequently discuss heat stress management system in Tool Box Talk meeting.
• Bilingual posters will be posted.

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 HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN
9.0 WEATHER

• Arrangement for temperature and humidity monitoring system will be implemented by

using weather monitoring devices for Temperature and Humidity
• Monitor of Daily Temperatures and Humidity will be conducted by the site Engineer and
environmental engineer. (When the employee levels reach 100 then the site dedicated
Nurse will conduct the Temperature and Humidity monitoring)
• A daily log of temperatures and Humidity will be logged and maintained on file.
• Thermometers will be place at designated areas throughout the construction site; these
areas will be agreed with the HSE manager.
• A flagging system will used to indicate the weather working conditions

GREEN FLAG indicates that it is safe to work but cautious (80F /

90F ) Fatigue possible dependent of work activities

ORANGE FLAG indicates be aware/Caution (90F / 105F)

Extreme Caution, Sun stroke, Muscle Cramps and or
Heat exhaustion if prolonged exposure

RED FLAG indicates DANGER works MUST STOP (105F / 129F)

Extreme Danger, Muscle Cramps, Heat exhaustion potentially Fatal
if continued exposure.

10.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

PROJECT MANAGER
Project Manager will ensure that the procedure for Heat Stress and summer
working is compiled and that a designated responsible person is appointed to
monitor Temperature and Humidity and water delivery schedule (Site Engineer)

SITE ENGINEER
• Will conduct regular temperature and Humidity monitoring and log/maintain information
on file . Once the man power on site reaches 100 then the site appointed nurse will take
responsibility of monitoring the temperature and Humidity levels)
• Change the flag colour system to indicate the current temperature and awareness levels
• Ensure that a robust water delivery schedule is in place and that copious amounts of
cold/cool fresh drinking water are available at all times during working hours.
• That shaded rest areas are provided throughout the construction site
• That no work continues in direct sunlight after 11; 30 am

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M01 O-MSI-HSE-OO-PLN-02007-Rev. 5
 HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN
• Continuous trainings such as Tool Box Talks and Safety briefings is conducted on Heat
stress awareness and prevention

HSE MANAGER
The HSE Manager will along with the support of the site HSE Officer/officers will
• ensure that full compliance regarding Heat stress management and summer working
hours is followed and adhered to
• continually monitor water distribution
• Continually monitor Temperature and Humidity levels
• Ensure regular heat stress awareness training is conducted

11.0 OTHER ARRANGEMENT

Monitoring of Heat Index

Hydrometers will be position in different locations to monitor the heat and humidity to
calculate the heat index. Also portable equipment such as temperature and humidity meter
will be used by key persons on site to monitor the heat index.

Risk Assessment
A risk assessment shall be conducted prior to the start of summer working hours and it will be
reviewed regularly as per the site conditions .

First aid facilities:-

a. Sufficient First aiders available at the site as per legal requirements (1 to 25)

Emergency Numbers
a. Emergency contact telephone number will be posted in site offices, notice
boards, rest shelters and welfare areas
Heat stress related incidents
a. All heat stress related incident will be reported as per client's requirements &
the HSE department will looked into finding the root cause.

12.0 MONITORING AND REVISION OF THE PLAN

a. Heat stress plan will be monitored by PM, CM, SITE Engineers & HS Manager
b. This heat stress plan will be revised and or modified if and when required or
after any unacceptable weather conditions or after any related illness or the
Changing of activities relating to heat stress.

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HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN

13.0 ATTACHMENT

• General Heat Stress Index.

• Supreme council of Health of Qatar Booklet.
• Heat Stress Training Manual.
• Heat Stress Calculator

Page 9 of 10
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HEAT STRESS & SUMMER WORKING PLAN

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE· HEAT INDEX (°Fl

Relative Humidity (%)
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Temp (°F)
110
108
106
104
102
100
98
96 112
94 106
92 101
90 97
88 93
86 88 89 102
84 85 86 88 96
82 83 84 84 90
80 81 81 82 85

Heat Index Possible Heat Disorders Controls

130 'For higher Heat stroke or sunstrokehigh~ like~ Consult IH

with continued exposure

105 - 129 'F sunstroke. musde cramps. and/or heat exhaustion likely PICIFLMDetermination
Heatstroke possible1·Ath prolonged exposure
and/or physical activity

Extreme
Gaulion 90-1 05 ' F Sunstroke. musde cramps and/or heat exhaustion Buddy System &
possible1·,ithprolonged exposureand/or physical activity Direct Observabon

80- 90'F Fatigue possible 1·~th prolonged exposure Heightened Awareness

and/or physical activity

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MO 1O-MSI-HSE-OO-PLN-02007-Rev. 5
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Supreme Council Of Health State Of Oatar
HEAT STRESS
GUIDELINE & RECOMMENDATION

BY
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SECTION
PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
Preface

This updated Heat Stress Awareness Guide was developed by the

Occupational Health Section of The Supreme Council of Health under
supervision of the Manager of Health Promotion and Non-Communicable
Diseases to provide information and advice on managing and controlling
heat stress in the workplace.

The audience of this guide includes employers, managers, supervisors,

workers, joint health and safety committee members and representatives
and employer associations. Health and safety professionals in general may
find the information in this guide useful.

The Occupational Health Section of Public Health Department at the

Supreme Council of Health has the responsibility of developing and
implementing guidelines and programs to:
• Prevent work-related injuries, diseases and deaths, and
• Promote the health of employees in the workplace.

To address these Occupational Health challenges, we work in partnership

with other governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, private
sector and international organizations such as WHO and ILO.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all those who contributed
to the development of the Heat Stress guidelines & recommendation.
It is our hope that these guidelines will be adopted by all industries and
implemented in all workplaces throughout the state of Qatar.

Sheikh Dr. Mohammed Bin Hamad Al Thani

Director of Public Health,
Supreme Council of Health, Oatar

Ill
 Contents
1 Where does heat stress occur? ................................................................ 1

2 What happens when the body's core temperature rises? ........................ 2

3 How can we recognize heat stress disorders? ........... .............................. 2

3.1 Heat Rash. ......................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Heat Cramps..................................................................................................... 3
3.3 Heat exhaustion.......... ...................................................................................... 3
3.4 Heat stroke ....................................................................................................... 4

4 What factors are used to assess heat stress risk? .............................. ....... 7
4.1 Personalfactors................................................................................................. 7
4.2 Environmental factors ..................................................................................... 8
4.3 Jobfactors ..................................................................................................... .. ·· 9

5 Are there measures for evaluating heat stress risk? ................................. 11

5.1 Thermal environment ...................................................................................... 11
5.2 Type of work ......................................................................................... ............ 13
5.3 Types of clothing................................................................................... ............ 14

6 Determine work/rest schedules ....................... ....................................... 14

7 ls it possible to use the humidex to evaluate Heat Stress Risk? ............. 16

IV
 8 How can heat stress be controlled? ....... ...... .. ....... .. ...... .... .. ... ... .. ...... ...... 17
8.1 Training and education................................................................................ ... 17
8.2 Engineering controls............................................................. ........................ 17
8.3 Work procedures ........................................................................................... 18

9 What are the responsibilities of workplace parties regarding Heat 19

Stress?
9 .1 Employers ..... ............. ... ..... .. ........ .... ...... ... ..... ..... .. ....... .... ...... ... ....... ..... .... ..... 19
9.2 Workers .......................................................................................................... 19

10 APPENDIX ............................................................................................. 20
10.1 Table A.................................................. .......................................................... 22
10.2 Table B ............................................. ........ ................................ ....................... 23

11 References .. .. ......... ............. ...... .............. ...... ... ..... .... ... .......................... 24

V
1.Where does heat stress occur?
Workplaces involving heavy physical work in hot, humid environments
can put considerable heat stress on workers. Hot and humid conditions can
occur either indoors or outdoors.

Examples:

outdoors Indoors
Road building Steel mills and foundries
Home building Boiler rooms
Work on bridges Pulp and paper mills
Trenching Generation plants
Pouring and spreading tar or
Petrochemical plants
asphalt
Working on flat or shingle roofs Smelters
Excavation and grading Furnace operations
Electrical utilities Oil and chemical refineries
Electrical vaults
Interior construction and renovation

Asbestos removal, work with hazardous wastes, and other operations

that require workers to wear semi-permeable or impermeable protective
clothing can contribute significantly to heat stress. Heat stress causes the
body's core temperature to rise .

0
2.What happens when the body's core temperature rises?
The human body functions best within a narrow · range of internal
temperature. This "core" temperature varies from 36°C to 38°C.The body
uses two cooling mechanisms:
1. The heart rate increases to move blood and heat from heart, lungs, and
other vital organs to the skin .
2. Sweating increases to help cool blood and body.
3. Evaporation of sweat is the most important way the body gets rid of
excess heat.
When the body's cooling mechanisms work well, core temperature drops
or stabilizes at a safe level (around 37°C). But when too much sweat is lost
through heavy labor or working under hot, humid conditions, the body does
not have enough water left to cool itself. The result is dehydration and core
temperature rises above 38°C. A series of heat-related illnesses, or heat
stress disorders, can then develop.

3 .How can we recognize heat stress disorders?

Heat stress disorders range from minor discomforts to life-threatening
conditions:
• Heat rash
• Heat cramps
• Heat exhaustion
• Heat stroke.

(3 .1) Heat Rash

Heat rash is also known as prickly heat and is the most common problem
in hot work environments.

Symptoms include:
• Red blotches and extreme itchiness in areas persistently damp with seat
• Prickling sensation on the skin where sweating occurs.

Treatment
• Cool environment
• Cool shower
• Thorough drying
In most cases, heat rashes disappear a few days after heat exposure ceases.
If the skin is not cleaned frequently enough the rash may become infected .

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(3.2) Heat Cramps
Under extreme conditions, such as removing asbestos from hot water
pipes for several hours in heavy protective gear, the body loses salt through
excessive sweating. Heat cramps can result. These are spasms in larger
muscles, usually back, legs, and arm. Cramping creates hard painful lumps
within the muscles.

Treatment
Stretch and massage the muscles; replace salt by drinking commercially
carbohydrate or electrolyte replacement fluids.

(3.3) Heat exhaustion

This occurs when the body can no longer keep blood flowing to supply vital
organs and to the skin to reduce body temperature .. Signs and symptoms
include:
• Weakness
• Difficulty continuing work
• Headache
• Breathlessness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Feeling faint or fainting
Workers fainting from heat exhaustion while operating machinery, vehicles,
or equipment can injure themselves and others.

Treatment
Heat exhaustion casualties respond quickly to prompt first aid. If not treated
promptly, however, heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke which is a
medical emergency.
o Call 999.
o Help the casualty to cool off by
• Resting in a cool place
• Drinking cool water
• Removing unnecessary clothing
• Loosening clothing
• Showering or sponging with cool water.
It takes 30 minutes at least to cool the body down once a worker becomes
overheated and suffers heat exhaustion.

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(3.4) Heat stroke
Heat stroke occurs when the body can no longer cool itself and body
temperature rises to critical levels.

The primary signs and symptoms of heat stroke are:

o Confusion
o Irrational behavior
o Loss of consciousness
o Convulsions
o Lack of sweating
o Hot, dry skin
o Abnormally high body temperature for example 41 °C

Treatment

For any worker showing signs or symptoms of heat stroke,

o Call 999.
o Provide immediate, aggressive, general cooling.
• Immerse casualty in tub of cool water or
• Place in cool shower or
• Spray with cool water from a hose.
• Wrap casualty in cool wet sheets and fan rapidly.
o Transport casualty to hospital.
o Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious casualty.

Warning

• Heat stroke can be fatal even after first aid is administered. Anyone
suspected of suffering from heat stroke should not be sent home or left
unattended unless that action has been approved by physician.

If in doubt as what type of heat-related disorder the worker is suffering, call

for medical assistance.

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Supreme Council Of Health State Of Qatar
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Heat Stress Disorders

Cause Symptoms Treatment Prevention

Hot humid envi- Red bumpy rash Change into clean Wash regularly to
ronment; with severe dry clothes often keep skin clean
and dry.
plugged sweat itching. and avoid hot envi-
glands. ronments. Rinse
skin with cool water.

Heavy sweating Painful cramps Move to a cool area; Reduce activity

from strenuous commonly in loosen levels and/or heat
physical activity exposure. Drink
drains a person's the most worked clothing, gently fluids regularly.
body of fluid and muscles massage and Workers should
salt, which cannot stretch affected check on each
(arms, legs or muscles and drink
be replaced just stomach) which other to help spot
by drinking water. cool salted water the symptoms that
Cramps occur occur suddenly at (1/4 to 1/2 tsp. salt often precede heat
from salt imbal- work or later in 1 liter of water) or stroke.
ance resulting balanced commer-
at home. Heat cial fluid electrolyte
from failure to re- cramps are
place salt lost from replacement bever-
heavy sweating serious because age. If the cramps
they can be a are severe or don't
go away after salt
warning of other and fluid replace-
more ment, seek medical
aid. Salt tablets are
dangerous heat- not recommended.
induced
Illnesses.
Fluid loss, inad- Sudden fainting GET MEDICAL Reduce activity
equate water in- after at least 2 ATIENTION: assess levels and/or heat
take and standing need for CPR. Move exposure. Drink
still, resulting in hours of work; to a cool area; loos- fluids regularly.
decreased blood cool moist skin; en clothing; make Move around and
flow to brain. Weak pulse. person lie down; avoid standing in
Usually occurs in and if the person is one place for too
people who have conscious offer sips long.
not been acclima- of cool water.
tized. Workers should
Fainting may also check on
be due to other
illnesses. each other to help
spot the
symptoms that
often
Precede heat
stroke.

Fluid loss and Heavy sweating; GET MEDICAL Reduce activity

inadequate salt cool moist ATIENTION: This levels and/or heat
and water intake condition can lead exposure. Drink
causes a person's skin; body tern- to heat stroke, fluids regularly.
body cooling perature over which can kill. Move Workers should
system to start to 38°C; weak pulse; the person to check on each
break down normal or other to help spot
a cool shaded area; the symptoms that
low blood pres- loosen or remove often precede heat
sure; person is excess clothing; stroke.
provide cool water
tired and weak, to drink; fan and
and has nausea spray with cool
and vomiting; is water. Do not leave
very thirsty or is affected person
panting or breath- alone.
ing rapidly; vision
may be blurred.
 If a person's body High temperature CALL AMBULANCE. Reduce activity
has used all its (over 41°C) This condition can levels and/or heat
water and salt kill a person quickly. exposure. Drink
reserves, it will and any one of Remove fluids regularly.
stop sweating. the following: Workers should
This can cause the the person is excess clothing; fan check on each
body temperature weak, confused, and spray the other to help spot
to rise . Heat stroke person with cool the symptoms that
may develop upset or acting water if the often precede heat
suddenly or may strangely; has stroke.
follow from heat person is conscious
hot dry, red skin; a
exhaustion. fast pulse; head-
ache or dizziness.
In later
stages, a person
may pass out and
have convulsions.

4.What factors are used to assess heat stress risk?

Factors that should be considered in assessing heat stress include:
• Personal factors
• Environmental factors
• Job factors

(4.1) Personal factors

It is difficult to predict just who will be affected by heat stress and when,
because individual susceptibility varies. There are, however, certain physical
conditions that can reduce the body's natural ability to withstand high
temperatures:

o Weight
Workers who are overweight are less efficient at losing heat
o Poor physical conditions
Being physically fit aids your abil ity to cope with the increased demands
that heat places on your body.
o Previous heat illnesses
Workers are more sensitive to heat if they have experienced a previous
heat -related illnesses.

0
o Age
As the body ages, its sweat glands become less efficient.
Workers over 40 years may therefore have trouble with hot environments.
Acclimatization to the heat and physical fitness can offset some age-
related problems.

o Heart disease or high blood pressure

In order to pump blood to the skin and cool the body, the heart rate
increases. This can cause stress on the heart.

o Recent illness
Workers with recent illnesses involving diarrhea, vomiting, or fever have
an increased risk of dehydration and heat stress because their bodies
have lost salt and water.

o Alcohol consumption
Alcohol consumption during the previous 24 hours leads to dehydration
and increased risk to heat stress.

o Medication
Certain drugs may cause heat intolerance by reducing sweating or
increasing urination. Workers who work in a hot environment should
consult their physician.

o Lack of acclimatization
When exposed to heat for a few days, the body will adapt and become
more efficient in dealing with raised environmental temperature. This
process is called acclimatization. Acclimatization usually takes six to
seven days. Benefits include:
• Lower pulse rate and more stable blood pressure
• More efficient sweating ( causing better evaporative cooling)
• Improved ability to maintain normal body temperatures.
Acclimatization may be lost in as little as three days away from work. People
returning to work after a holiday or long weekend - and their supervisors
-should understand this. Workers should be allowed to gradually re-
acclimatize to work conditions.

e
(4.2) Environmental factors
Environmental factors such as ambient air temperature, air movement,
and relative humidity can all affect an individual's response to heat. The
body's exchanges heat with its surroundings mainly through radiation and
sweat evaporation. The rate of evaporation is influenced by humidity and
air movement.

• Radiant heat
Radiation is the transfer of heat from hot objects through air to the body.
Working around heat sources such as kilns or furnaces will increase heat
stress. Additionally, working in direct sunlight can substantially increase heat
stress. A worker is far more comfortable working at 24°C under cloudy skies
than working at 24°C under sunny skies.

• Humidity
Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. Heat loss by evaporation is
hindered by high humidity but helped by low humidity. As humidity rises,
sweat tends to evaporate less. As a result, body cooling decreases and body
temperature increases.

• Air movement
Air movement affects the exchange of heat between the body and the
environment. As long as the air temperature is less than the worker's skin
temperature, increasing air speed can help workers stay cooler by increasing
both the rate of evaporation and the heat exchange between the skin
surface and the surrounding air.

(4.3) Job factors

• Clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE)
Heat stress can be caused or aggravated by wearing PPE such as fire or
chemical-retardant clothing. Coated and non-woven materials used
in protective garments block the evaporation of sweat and can lead to
substantial heat stress. The more clothing worn or the heavier the clothing,
the longer it takes evaporation to cool the skin.
Remember too that darker-colored clothing absorbs more radiant heat than
lighter- colored clothing.

0
• Workload
The body generates more heat during heavy physical work. For example,
workers shoveling sand or laying brick in hot weather generate a tremendous
amount of heat and are at risk of developing heat stress without proper
precautions. Heavy physical work requires careful evaluation even at
temperatures as low as 23°C to prevent heat d isorders. This is especially
true for workers who are not acclimatized to the heat.

e
5.Are there measures for evaluating heat stress risk?
To prevent heat stress, scientists from the (WHO) have determined that
workers should not be exposed to environments that would cause their
internal body temperature to exceed 38°C. The only true way of measuring
internal body temperature is rectally (oral or inner ear measurements are not
as accurate). As an alternative, the American conference of governmental
industrial hygienists (ACGIH) has developed a method of assessing heat
stress risk based on a wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) threshold (table 2).

This method of assessment involves the three main components of the heat
burden experienced by workers:
• Thermal environment
• Type of work
• Type of clothing.

(5.1) Thermal environment

The first factor in assessing heat stress is the thermal environment as
measured by WBGT index. WBGT is calculated in degrees Celsius using a
formula which incorporates the following three environmental factors:
• Air temperature
• Radiant heat (heat transmitted to the body through the air from hot
objects such as boilers or shingles heated by the sun)
• Cooling effects of evaporation caused by air movement (humidity).

To measure WBGT, a heat stress monitor consisting of three types of

thermometers is required :
• A normal thermometer called a dry bulb thermometer is used to measure
air temperature.
• Radiant heat is measured by a black bulb globe thermometer. This
consists of a hollow; 6-inch diameter copper ball painted flat black and
placed over the bulb of a normal thermometer.
• A wet bulb thermometer measures the cooling effect of evaporation
caused by air movement (wind orfan). It consists of a normal thermometer
wrapped in a wick kept moist at all times. As air moves through the wet
wick, water evaporates and cools the thermometer in much the same
way that sweat evaporates and cools the body.
 Heat stress Monitor

Heat stress monitors currently available calculate WBGT automatically.

The equipment required and the method of measuring WBGT can be found
in the ACGIH booklet.
Calculation depends on whether sunlight is direct (outdoors) or not (indoors).

• Working outdoors in direct sunlight

For work in direct sunlight, WBGT is calculated by taking 70% of the wet
bulb temperature, adding 20% of the black bulb temperature, and 10% of
the dry bulb temperature.
WBGT (OUT)= (70%(0.7)xwet bulb temperature)+(20%(0.2)x black bulb
globe temperature)+ [10%(o.1)xdry bulb temperature)

• Working indoors (no sun light)

For work indoors or without direct sunlight, WBGT is calculated by taking
70% of the wet bulb temperature and adding 30% of the black bulb
temperature.
WBGT (in)= [70 %( o.7) xwet bulb temperature]+ [30 %( 0.3) xblack bulb
globe temperature)
Example
Suppose it's a bright sunny day and a crew of roofers is working 20 feet
above ground. Our assessment yields the following readings:
Wet bulb temperature (cooling effects of evaporation) = 20°C
Black bulb globe temperature (radiant) = 36°C
Dry bulb temperature (air temperature) = 33°C

e
Using the formula for work in direct sunlight, we calculate as follows:
WBGT =90.7xwet bulb temperature) + (0.2xblack bulb globe temperature)
+ (0.1 xdry bulb temperature)
= (0.7x20) + (0.2x36) + (0.1x33)
= 14+7.2+33
WBGT (outdoors) = 24.5°C

(5 .2) Type of work

The second factor in assessing heat stress is the type of work being
performed. Following are the four categories, with some examples of each:

Light work • Using a table saw

• Walking
• Operating a crane, truck, or other vehicle
• Welding

Moderate work • Laying bricks

• Walking with moderate lifting or pushing
• Hammering nails
• Tying rebar
• Raking asphalt
• Sanding drywall

Heavywerk • Sawing by hand

• Shoveling dry sand
• Laying blocks
• Ripping out asbestos
• Scraping asbestos fireproofing material

Very heavy work • Shoveling wet sand

• Lifting heavy objects

8
(5.3) Types of clothing
Free movement of cool, dry air over the skin maximizes heat removal.
Evaporation of sweat from the skin is usually the major method of heat
removal. WBGT-based heat exposure assessments are based on a traditional
summer work uniform of long- sleeved shirts and long pants. With regard to
clothing, the measured WBGT value can be adjusted according to table 1.

Table1: additions to measured WBGT value for some types of clothing

C lothing tyi,>e Addition to WBGT

Werk cleth.es (long,-sleeved shirt anc:! f;)ants) 0
€10th (woven material) coveralls 0
SMS ~(?lyi:m,>i,>ylene c0veralls +0.5
Pa,lyolefin cov!;!ralls
- +1
Ci>0uble-layer woven clothing +3
Limited-use vai,>or-barrier coveralls +11

Note: these values must not be used for completely encapsulating su its,
often ca lled Leve l A. Clothing adjustment factors cannot be added for
multiple layers. The covera lls assume t hat on ly modestly clothing is worn
underneath, not a second layer of clothing .

6.Determine work/rest schedules

The WBGT can be used to determine work/rest schedules for personnel
under various conditions. Knowing that the WBGT is 24.5°C in the example
above, you can refer to Table 2 and determine that workers accustomed
to the heat "acclimatized ", wearing summer clothes, and doing "heavy"
work can perform continuous work (100% work). Suppose work is being
performed indoors at a pulp and paper mill under the following conditions:
• Workers are wearing cloth coveralls.
• Boilers are operational.
• Work load is moderate
• General ventilation is present.
Our assessment yields the following readings:
Wet bulb temperature (Cooling effects of evaporation) = 23°C
Black bulb globe temperature (radiant heat) = 37°C
Dry bulb temperature (air temperature) = 34°C

e
 Using the formula for work indoors, we calculate as follows:
WBGT= (0.7xwet bulb temperature)+(0.3xblack bulb globe temperature)=
(0.7x23)+(0.3x37) = 27.2°C
Addition for cloth coveralls
· (table1) = 0
WBGT (indoors) = 27 .2°C

Referring to Table 2, we determine that workers accustomed to the heat,

wearing cloth coveralls, and performing "moderate" work can work.

The WBGT must never be used as indicator of safe or unsafe conditions.

It is only an aid in recognizing heat stress. The ultimate assessment and
determination of heat stress must lie with the individual worker or co-worker
trained to detect its symptoms. Supervisors must allow individual workers to
determine if they are capable of working in heat. Table 2 is intended for use
as a screening step only. Detailed methods of analysis are fully described in
various technical and reference works.

Table 2: screening criteria for Threshold Limit Values (TLV) and Action Limit
for Heat Stress Exposure

75 to 100% 31.0 28.0 28.0 25.0

50to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 28.5 26.0 24.0

25to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 29.5 27 .0 25.5 24.5

Oto 25% 32.5 31 .5 30.5 30.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0

Note: Table 2 is intended as an initial screening tool to evaluate whether a heat

stress situation may exist. These values are not intended to prescribe work and
recovery period
Notes
• WBGT values are expressed in °C. WBGT is NOT air temperature.
• WBGT-based heat exposure assessments are based on a traditional
summer work uniform of long -sleeved shirt and long pants.
• If work and rest environments are different, hourly time-weighted
average (JWA) should be calculated and used. TWAs for work rates
should also be used when demands of work vary within the hour.
• Because of physiological strain produced by very heavy work among less
fit workers, the table does not provide WBGT values for very heavy work
in the categories 100% work and 75% work;25% Rest. Use of the WBGT
is not recommended in these cases. Detailed and /or physiological
monitoring should be used instead.
Because many workplaces are transient and variable in nature it may not be
practicable to measure WBGT. It's therefore reasonable to ask if there are
other ways to evaluate heat stress risk.

7 .Is it possible to use the humidex to evaluate Heat Stress

Risk?
The humidex is a measure of discomfort based on the combined effect
of excessive humidity and high temperature. As noted already, heat-related
disorders involve more than air temperature and humidity. Other factors
such as air movement, workload, radiant heat sources, and acclimatization
must also be considered in assessing heat stress. But humidex readings can
signal the need to implement procedures for controlling heat stress in the
workplace.

Environment Canada provides the following humidex guidelines,

• Where humidex levels are less than 29°C, most people are comfortable.
• Where humidex levels range from 30°C to 39°C, people experience
some discomfort.
• Where humidex levels range from 40 °C to 45°C, people are
uncomfortable.
• Where humidex levels are over 45°C, many types of labor must be
restricted.

If the humidex rather than the WGBT is being used to monitor conditions,
the employer should have
• Documentations describing the heat stress policy
• Training that emphasizes recognition of heat stress symptoms

0
• Thorough investigation of any heat stress incidents to determine
whether the heat stress policy is deficient.
Because humidex readings can vary substantially from point to point it is
important that a reading be taken at the actual workplace.

8. How can heat stress be controlled?

Heat stress can be controlled through education, engineering, and work
procedures. Controls will:
• Protect health
Illness can be prevented or treated while symptoms are still mild.
• Improve safety
Workers are less likely to develop a heat- related illness and have an
accident. Heat stress often creeps up without warning. Many heat-
induced accidents are caused by sudden loss of consciousness.
• Increase productivity
Workers feel more comfortable and are likely to be more productive as
a result.

(8 .1) Training and education

According to the (NIOSH), heat stress training should cover the following
components:
• Knowledge of heat stress hazards
• Recognition of risk factors, danger signs, and symptoms
• Awareness of first-aid procedures for, and potential health effects of,
heat stroke
• Employee responsibilities in avoiding heat stress
• Dangers of using alcohol and/or drugs (including prescription drugs) in
hot work environments.

(8.2) Eng ineering controls

Engineering controls are the most effective means of preventing heat
stress disorders and should be the first method of control. Engineering
controls seek to provide a more comfortable workplace by using
• Reflective shields to reduce radiant heat
• Fans and other means to increase airflow in work areas
• Mechanical devices to reduce the amount of physical work.
When engineering controls are not feasible or practical, work procedures
are required to prevent heat stress disorders.
(8.3) Work procedures
The risks of working in hot environments can be diminished if labor and
management cooperate to help control heat stress.

Management
• Give workers frequent breaks in a cool area away from heat. The area
should not be so cool that it causes cold shock- around 25°C is ideal.
• Increase air movement by using fans where possible. This encourages
body cooling through evaporation of sweat.
• Provide unlimited amounts of cool (not cold) drinking water conveniently
located.
• Allow sufficient time for workers to become acclimatized.
• A properly designed and applied acclimatization program decreases
the risk of heat-related illnesses. Such a program exposes employees
to work in a hot environment for progressively longer periods. NIOSH
recommends that for workers who have had previous experience in hot
jobs, the regimen should be
• 50% exposure on day one
• 60% on day two
• 80% on day thee
• 100% on day four.
For new workers in a hot environment, the regimen should be 20% on day
one, with a 20% increase in ·exposure each additional day.
• Make allowances for workers who must wear personal protective clothing
and equipment that retains heat and restricts the evaporation of sweat.
• Schedule hot jobs for the cooler part of the day; schedule routine
maintenance and repair work in hot areas for the cooler seasons of the
year.
• Consider the use of cooling vests containing ice packs or ice water to
help rid bodies of excess heat.

Labor
• Wear light, loose clothing that permits the evaporation of sweat.
• Drink small amounts of water- 250ml- every half hour or so.
• Avoid beverages such as tea, coffee, or beer that make you pass urine
more frequently.
• Where personal PPE must be worn,
• Use the lightest weight clothing and respirators available.
• Use PPE that allows sweat evaporate.
• Avoid eating hot, heavy meals.
• Don't take salt tablets unless a physician prescribes them.

9.What are the responsibilities of workplace parties

regarding Heat Stress?
(9.1) Employers
Employers should develop a written health and safety policy outlining
how workers in hot environments will be protected from heat stress. As a
minimum, the following points should be addressed:

• Adjust work practices as necessary when workers complain of heat stress .

• Make controlling exposures through engineering controls the primary
means of control wherever possible.
• Oversee heat stress training and acclimatization for new workers,
workers who have been off the job for a while, and workers with medical
conditions.
• Provide worker education and training, including periodic safety talks
on heat stress during hot weather or during work in hot environments.
• Monitor the workplace to determine when hot conditions arise.
• Determine whether workers are drinking enough water.
• Determine a proper work/rest regime for workers.
• Arrange first-aid training for workers.
When working in manufacturing plant, for instance, a contractor may wish to
adopt the plant's heat stress program if one exists.

(9.2) Workers
• Follow instructions and training for controlling heat stress.
• Be alert to symptoms in yourself and others.
• Avoid consumption of alcohol, illegal drugs, and excessive caffeine.
• Find out whether any prescription medications you're required to take
can increase heat stress.
• Get adequate rest and sleep.
• Drink small amounts of water regularly to maintain fluid levels and avoid
dehydration.

1O.APPENDIX

Assessing Heat Stress Hazards Using the Humidex

WBGT is the most common index for setting heat stress limits, especially
when sources of radiant heat are present. It has proven to be adequate
when used as part of a program to prevent adverse health effects in most
hot environments.

However, taking WBGT measurements properly is quite complicated.

This section provides a simplified version of the WBGT by converting the
WBGT into humidex. The method was developed by the occupational
health clinics for Ontario workers. It allows workplace parties to measure
heat stress using only workplace temperature and humidity. The following
five steps are designed to help workplaces determine whether conditions
require action to reduce heat stress.

Step 1: Clothing

• The humidex plan assumes workers are wearing regular summer clothes
(light shirt and pants, underwear, and socks and shoes).

• If workers wear cotton coveralls on top of summer clothes, add 5°C

humidex to the workplace humidex measurement.

• Estimate correction factor for other kinds of clothing by comparing

them with cotton coveralls (e .g. gloves, hard hat, apron, and protective
 sleeves might be equivalent to a little less than half the evaporation
resistance of coveralls, so add 1°C or 2°C humidex).

Step 2: Training

• Measurements by themselves cannot guarantee workers protection

from heat stress. It is essential that workers learn to recognize the early
signs and symptoms of heat and how to prevent them.

• If it is possible, workers need to be able to alter their pace of work, take

rest breaks, and drink in response to early symptoms ( a cup of water
every 20 minutes). The ideal heat stress response plan would let workers
regulate their own pace by "listening to their body".

Step 3: Select a measurement location

• Divide the workplace into zones which have similar heat exposures.

• Select a representative location in each zone where you can take

measurements. Note: the humidex heat stress response (Table B) is
based on workplace measurements, not weather station/media reports
(temperatures inside buildings don't necessarily correspond with outside
temperature).

Step 4 : measure workplace humidex

• A thermal hygrometer is a simple way to measure the temperature

and relative humidity in your workplace. Avoid placing the thermal
hygrometer in direct sunlight or in contact with hot surface. Once
you have the temperature and humidity, use Table A (or the humidex
calculator located: http:www.ohcow.on.ca/menuweb/heat_stress_
calculator.him) to determine the corresponding humidex value.
• From Table B, select Humidex 1 or Humidex 2 according to the amount
of physical activity involved with the work and the level of acclimatization.
This helps you determine what steps should be taken to reduce the heat
stress. Humidex 1 is for moderate unacclimatized and heavy acclimatized
work; humidex 2 is for light unacclimatized work (sitting/standing doing
light am work).
Step 5: Adjust for radiant heat
• Outdoor work in direct sunlight between the hours of 10 am and 5 pm,
1-2°C (pro-rate according to percentage could cover) to your humidex
measurement.

• For indoor radiant heat exposures (such as boilers or furnaces),use

common sense to judge whether the exposure involves more or less
radiant heat than direct sunlight and adjust the 1-2°C correction factor
appropriately.

See Table A and Table B

(10.1) Table A
-
"C
-- - - Relative Humlditv (In oercent)
---
100! 95 I 90 116 · w r;-~ 110 05 lllO 55 f 50 45 I 40 I 35 30 26 20 15 10

Ill
~
49

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50
50

t ~
50

**
·u
45
43-

fi • ". " 50
48
4e
46
II
4S
44
45
43
42
42
41
40

" .,
41 39
..a '5 a 39 37
-48 -
ti11 ~ 40
49 47 .~ 43 38 38
37 47 45 44 42 40 38 37 35

. '1 II
50 49 47 45 44 37 35 .34
50 48 47 45 43 42 S8 36 34 33

i 6ij'

99
u- ~ 48

39.,
47 46
46
44
45
tiit
43
41
G
40
40
39
39
37
37 36 34
36 34

llll'lll 111
~

1191 II
33 ....._
32
31
30

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50 49
9 49 48 47 42
• -18 47 46 44 43 42 41 40 w 37 36 35 34 33 31 a I :ze :!!.__
30
29 48 45 I 43 42 41 40 3t 38 37 38 35 S3 32 31 30 29 28 27 26
3 5- 34
IJ\I
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39 30 ·27 26 25
28
27
43
41
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40
40
38 37 36 I 33 32
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30 28 'ir;'I ~
26 39 38 37 38 3& 34 I 33 ~ 32 31 30 - 211 :l8 a 26 25
25 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 28+ ~ ~ 28 ~ 1
24 35 34 '33 ,-33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 •
'"n 33 32 31 31 :,0 29 28 28 27 26 25
L.B.. 31 30 30 29 21 27 'D 28 25 25
~ 29 29 28 27 26 26 25
(10.2) Table B

Humidex 1 Response Humidex 2

moderate unacclima- light
tized Never ignore someone's symptoms no mat- unacclimatized
and heavy acclima- ter what you measure! work (sitting/
tized work standing doing
light arm work)

Low
30-37 • Alert workers to potential for heat stress. 34-41
• Ensure access to water.

Medium
• Reduce physical activity (e.g., slower pace,
38-39 42-43
double up, breaks).
• Drink a cup of water every 20-30 minutes.

Moderate
40-42 • Reduce physical activity further. 44-45
• Drink a cup of water every 15-20 minutes.

High
• Ensure sufficient rest and recovery time.
43-44 46-48
Severely curtail physical activity.
• Drink a cup of water every 10-15 minutes

Extreme 49
• It is hazardous to continue physical activity. or over
11.References
• American conference of governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH),
2012.
• Sarnia Regional Labor- Management Health and Safety Committee,
2012.
• Ontario Ministry of Labor. Heat Stress. Toronto: Queen's Printer, May
2011.
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Caring for the Future
i
Working in Heat
Procedures and Training Manua l
For supervisors and occupational
health and safety professionals

Supported by: A Programme by:

 .,
;

Contents
Introduction 01

Target Group 02

Employers Responsibilities 03

Hydration 05

Heat Illness 09

Training of First Aiders, Managers

and Supervisors 10

Heat Stress Monitoring 11

Heat Stress Program 15

Engineering Co ntrols 17

Worker Training 17

Program Implementation on Site 18

Additional Resources 19
--- hlalglaTh•ltnl

Introduction Target Group

Heat illness is an important health issue facing all who work in hot environments The 'Safety in the Heal' program is designed to offer protection to workers who are:
in the UAE and GCC region in the summer months. Environmental heat stress • Moderately fit and healthy • Acclimatized • Well hydrated • Self-pacing
causes fatigue and impairs mental and physical performance, which can
compromise safety and can even be fatal. This training and procedures manual Definitions
for occupational health and safety professionals and supervisors contains A Moderately Flt and Healthy Person
information and details of procedures. which have been designed to ensure the Does not suffer from any condition that:
safety of all who work in heat. if implemented correctly. • Results in an increased body temperature. e.g. Flu, medication. etc.
• Has resulted in fluid Joss, i.e. diarrhea, vomiting, etc.
Details of specific procedures to be carried out by appropriately trained • Requires the use of prescription drugs (check with a doctor for medications,
personnel are covered in order to help supervisors and occupational health and blood pressure drugs, anti-depressants. anti-psychotics)
safety personnel understand the elements of the HAAD Management of Work • Could impact on working in heat. e.g. high blood pressure. morbid obesity,
in Hot Environments Program or 'Safety in the Heat Program' as well as how to pregnancy. Any person with chronic medical condition requires a medical
implement the various elements of the program. The program is designed to clearance for work in heal
be implemented at whatever level is suitable for each site and may include An Acclimatized Person
placing posters in the workplace or showing the training video to workers or full • Has not recently arrived from a cool climate to work in the UAE in summer
implementation with environmental monitoring and the use of the new heat • Has not been away from work outside the tropics for more than 14 days
index - the Thermal Work Index. Note: An un-acclimatized person takes one calendar week to acclimatize
A Well Hydrated Person
Each person responsible for health and safety at work can decide the best
Has come to work fully hydrated
way to implement the program at their worksite to raise awareness about and
• Drinks plenty of water during the shift (or rehydration fluid approved by the
avoidance of heat illness amongst workers with the materials supplied and the company)
online resources to help them. HAAD Occupational Health can also be called Drinks waler regularly and makes it a way of life
upon lo offer advice and additional support where required. Note: By the time a person is thirsty they are already dehydrated

This training and procedure manual supplements and supports the requirements A Self-Pacing Person
of the Abu Dhabi Environment. Health and Safety Management System (AD • Is one that is not pushed beyond their physical limits and can take rest
EHSMSI Code of Practice for Safety in Heat and the associated Technical breakswhen required
Guideline and should be read in conjunction with those document for specific • Is more productive in hot environments when they follow a regular work/rest
regime
regulatory requirements.
Note: Consider the person's physical characteristics. i.e. age. physical
capabilities. etc.
See www.haad .ae/ safety-in-heat for additional details and resources.

• •
--- s.ar1l'ijlnT1111Hul

Employers Responsibilities Employers Res p o nsibilities

• Employers should ensure a risk assessment is performed to determine where • Employers shall ensure worksites adhere to the UAE Ministry of Labour
heat stress hazards exist and who is at risk from developing a heat related requirements for a midday break during the summer months for employees
illness; working outside
• Employers should ensure that the required training and education is • Employer shall ensure employer supplied meals are evaluated so that they
provided and undertaken by all managers. supervisors. first aiders and offer a healthy balanced diet with appropriate nutrition and appropriate
employees; electrolytes and calories to sustain work in high temperature environments.
• Employers shall ensure engineering control measures ore implemented to • Employers shall ensure appropriate availability of appropriate fluids (e.g .
eliminate the risk as for as reasonably practicable. potable water) for the employees lo maintain hydration levels;
• Employers shall ensure on effective heat stress program is implemented Employers shall ensure an allowance is made for self-pacing of work and
appropriate rest breaks ore provided to exposed employees;
• Employees shall ensure that in the event an employee is suffering from a
suspected heat related illness they have immediate access to medical
attention.
--- ,a,~1v1n11111eHut

Hydration Hydration

Hydration Maintenance Choice of Beverage

Hydration (maintaining correct levels of body fluids) is the MOST IMPORTANT Replacement of the fluid lost in sweat requires intake of adequate quantities of
personal factor for protection against heat illness. water and salt. Drinking at mealtimes replaces both and is essential. Remember
The body relies on sweating to cool down and poor hydration or low levels of to encourage workers to:
body fluids reduces or stops sweating and the body heals up and workers suffer
from heat illness like heat exhaustion and heal stroke. • Add a little extra salt to their meals during hot weather, salt tablets are not
II is very important to encourage exposed workers to: recommended
• Come to work well hydrated and drink al least 1 liter of water before work Drink water with meals
each day; • Limit consumption of soft drinks as the sugar content is high
• Drink regularly during the day at least 2 Liters of water every 2-3hours; • Limit consumption of catteinaled drinks (coffee, tea, cola) and 'energy
• Self-assess their hydration using colored urine charts; drinks', as the caffeine may reduce fluid retention
• Carry a large water container with them of at least 2 liters to drink within 2-3
hours; If workers are sweating heavily between meals, an electrolyte replacement drink
• Ensure replacement of electrolytes by adding a little extra salt to meals or is recommended. Replacing salt as ii is lost helps the body absorb and retain the
selecting correct electrolyte drinks. See next section. water consumed:

• Sports drinks are high in sugar and often quite acidic which can damage
teeth. They are not designed for prolonged consumption at work
• For prolonged consumption a fluid with 4% or less sugar is recommended
• Appropriate products designed for industrial use are available commercially
• The suggested schedule is to drink the electrolyte replacement fluid at every
second drink (i.e. one for one with waler)
• For diabetics or those on sugar restricted diets, medical advice is required on
the preferred fluids for rehydration

•
 .
r

la(1lylnT1111NHI

Hydration Hydration

Hydration Testing (for Nurses or Medical Officer) Failed Tests

Hydration level is reflected in the specific gravity (SGI of the urine, a measure If a worker fails a hydration lest. DO NOT let them proceed to work station, ensure
of its concentration. This can be used as a monitoring and educational tool to they drink waler. Re-test after one hour and continue until correctly hydrated
encourage workers to drink more fluids during the work shift and avoid heat (SG<l.0201.
related illness associated with dehydration. Testing must be carried out by suitably
trained personnel (e.g. Nurse or Medical Officer) . In Case of Any Heat Illness Symptoms
• Medical gloves must be worn when handling urine Refer the person to the medical centre.
• A fresh midstream urine specimen is required Action Levels according to Urine Specific Gravity
Safety Limits S6 Leuel Specific Grauity Meaning Rction
At the start of the shift Not more than 1.015 Hydration Fluid Intake is adequate to
other times eg. end of shift Nol more than 1.029 Normal 1.000 to 1.01 s adequate maintain desired hydration status
Maintain fluid intake
When to Test Hydration Levels
Slightly Extra flu ids required
• Anyone who reports sick or with an injury should be tested for hydration levels 1.016 to 1.020 dehydrated Rehydrate before starting the work
Alert
• Anyone working where the TWL is less than 115 W/m 2 Moderately Extra fluids required
1.021 to 1.029 Rehydrate before starting the
• Unacclimatised workers returning or coming from a cooler climate dehydrated
work and every 15 to 20
Communication minutes during the shift
• Record the result and actions recommended on the Dehydration Test Report Action 1.030+ Significantly • Extra fluids required
form available as an additional resource on the DVD and HAAD website dehydrated Rehydrate before starting the work
and every 15 to 20 minutes during
, File the form and if required advise the supervisor of the result the shift
Follow the actions prescribed in the table ' Action levels according lo urine Investigate cause of dehydration
Remove worker from hot workplace
specific gravity' . Worker not to be allowed to
perform this work until hydration
levels improved
Recheck SG in 4 hours

•
==
s.111\ylnlhHnt

Heat Illness Training for First Aiders,

Managers and Supervisors
Common Symptoms of Heat Illness Awareness Training for First Alders on site
• All workers should be familiar with these First Aiders should be trained on:
• Report all signs of heal illness lo the supervisor How the body overheats and how to recognize the signs and symptoms of
heat related illness and the different types of heal related illness;
symptoms Recommended actions • The importance of hydration and electrolytes and advice to give to workers;
Heat rash Present at Medical Centre when convenient • The precautions lo be taken for the prevention of heal related illness:
Fatigue Move to a cool area • The first aid treatment of the different types of heat related illness;
Dizziness Drink flu ids (Electrolyte drink or water) • The procedures to call for medical assistance; and
Headache Report to Medical Centre if symptoms don't • The requirements of the employer's heat stress program.

Cramps improve within one hour

Nausea Awareness Training for Managers and Supervisors
Exhaustion First Aid as below Managers and Supervisors should be trained on:
Lack of coordination/inability to concentrate • Their legal responsibilities for the protection of the health of the workforce
exposed to heat stress conditions;
Fast heart rate or breathing
• How to recognize the signs and symptoms of heat related illness and how
Feeling of "burning up" the body overheats;
Fainting or collapse The precautions to be taken for the prevention of heat related illness
amongst the workforce:
Immediate Action - First Aid • The importance of self-pacing and providing appropriate rest breaks for
Following is the procedure to be followed when a person suffers severe heat- recovery;
related symptoms: • The procedures to call for first aiders and/or medical assistance; and
• Ring the emergency number • The requirements of the employer's heat stress program and how to
• If possible remove them to a cool area implement it.
• Sil or lie person down. elevate legs if they have fainted !·
• If they are conscious give them water or electrolyte drink to be drunk slowly
• Cool the person down by sprinkling water on them, place a cold towel on the
head. or direct a fan on them. Don't throw ice/ice cold (chilled) water on them
• If there's no quick recovery. place them in the "recovery" position and
monitor Airway, Breathing & Circulation (ABC)
• Wait with them for assistance to arrive
-- ~-... .

-- .....
S11l1tlyl•Tll1tMtal

Heat Stress Monitoring Heat Stress Monitoring

Heat stress is the effect that the thermal environment has on a person's ability to How to Monitor
maintain a normal body temperature. Physical work generates heat in the body. The work environment should be monitored or assessed using a specialized
which must be eliminated. A hot or humid environment makes this more difficult instrument to calculate the Thermal Work Limit and Working Zone to know what
and this con affect both mental and physical performance. The inability to get precautions to take for worker protection in that zone.
rid of body heat adequately may result in heat illness. REMEMBER: HEAT STROKE
CAN BE FATAL, so all precautions to protect worker health should be undertaken. Environmental assessment or monitoring should:
• be representative of an area where a group of workers ore exposed (the
The Thermal Work Umlt (TWL) working zone);
The Thermal Work Limit. which hos been scientifically validated for gulf conditions • be taken at regular intervals (or constantly) during the work shift especially if
and is the heat stress index that has been adopted by HAAD to enable safe environmental conditions change;
management of work in heal. II gives a measure of the maximum safe work rate
for the conditions. If TWL is loo low then even low rates of work cannot safely be • be token using an accurate instrument that con calculate TWL or using
carried out continuously. the online TWL calculator on the HAAD Safety in the Heat website (if other
instruments ore used)
TWL. measured in walls per square meter (W/m'). is the maximum rate at
which heat can be lost to the environment in the conditions. TWL is calculated • allow for adequate time for an instrument to settle and adjusts to the
from environmental parameters assuming that workers are well hydrated and environment before measurement is recorded (approx. 10-15 minutes if
acclimatized to the conditions. coming from on air-conditioned environment)

Determination of TWL
To determine TWL the following must be measured:
. Dry Bulb Temperature (ambient air temperature) •c II I J jThermal Work Limit
Safety in the Heat
• Wet Bulb Temperature (determined by the humidity/evaporation rate) ·c
Thermal work limit is heat stress index designed primarity for self-paced workers. It represents the
• Globe Temperature (determined by the radiant heat) ·c ~miting sustainable metabolic rate the a weH hydrated. acclimatised woricer can maintain in a
specific thermal environmental within safe limits of core body temperature and sweat rate.
• Wind speed (in meters/second) m/s
Enter the parameters to calculate 'TWL.
Instruments are available that carry out all of these measurements and internally
compute the TWL. Alternative instruments can be used lo take the measurements.
Ory Bulb Temp ('C)
which can then be entered into the online TWL calculator on the HAAD website.
Wet Bu b Temp ('C)

Where to Monitor Globe Temp ('C) 45

All hot work areas should be monitored: Wind Speed Cm/sec:) 0.5

• at least once per shill, during the heat of the day I Calculate
• at any lime that workers complain of excessive heal TWL less th.In 115 w/m2

•
• whenever anyone hos reported signs of heat illness
 ~·

--
........
Heat Stress Heat Stress

Interventions for the Management of Work In Each Zone Work In the Cautionary Zone
Work"TI!sl lWL is between 115 and 140 W/m2 • Anything more than nght work may lead to
'\,'lorklng Scbedute
rones (lt)lnutes)
heat accumulation and illness if continued for too long.

Safe for all

No Umlts on seff-paced work" for educated,
Ugh! Wor'lc
continuous • All possible measures must be taken to increase lWL to above 140 W/m 2 e.g.
600ml -1 seff-paced ventilation, shade, shielding, cooling PPE, etc.
hydrated workers.
U1re / hr
work"
• Work may still be carried out but work-rest cydng and increased fluid intake
may be required.
Cauffonary zone Indicates sttuatlons In which Sole for
envlronmental condfflons require addfflonal
Ughl Wor'lc continuous • No unacclimatised employees may work in this zone
precautions. seff-paced
I -1.2 Litres/ tv • Rotate workers if possible
Practicable Engineering control measures to Ughtwork"
reduce heat slress should be Implemented • No lone or Isolated workers may work in this zone
e.g. provide shade. improve ventllollon etc.
Working alone to be avoided
No unoccimol~ed person to wor'lc" Heavy Wor'I( Continuous
Ensure adequate fluid Intakes appropriate > 1.2 litres / tv • paced work
~5wor'lc-15resl
for type ot work

Slrtcl Wo rk/ R.,st cyclin g require d

No person to worlc alone Ughlworl:'
No unaccffmatlsed person to worth 45work-15
rest
High Risk Induction required emphas~ing All Work
hydration and ldentitying signs ot heat strain >1.2 Litres/ hr •
Provide personal water bottle (2 &Ire Heavy work''
capacity) 01-..slle al oD limes
20 work - 40 rest

Noles:
Scl-,poced w or\• ~ wo,Mln 111u 1I t>o o lowcd lo od}vst lhet"worlt role according to envi"onmenlol condlDom Paced wotk is when the
won: rate 11 not under the, worker's coottol
Unocc:li'notised" workers a-e delncd as new workers or thosa who hove been oll work for more lhan I ,i days due to ilrum Of on
vacatton k,ovc (In a cool dlmole a eo)
Ught work"- silting or standing, ltght crm work
Heavy wort::"'- carrying, clmblng, lilting, pUJhing, whol&-body work
• A l high workloads ond or thermotslreu, sweol roles exceed 1.2 Ulros / hr. lnaeoslng hl6d lnlal:e much above this k,vei b not praelk::ol
duo lo gadric: dGeomlo,1 as lhe upper lmlt lor gastric: empty\ng and ftuld absorption k - 1.5 Ube1 / ty so control sofullons to i'nprova
h1,e1mol conditions should ba lmplamenlad n oddttlon lo pro"4cllng adequate hydranon lorepbce swcol lcnt.
Safelyl•1•rHHI

Heat Stress Program Heat Stress Program

Heat Stress Program Requirements • Provision of appropriate clothing (e.g. lightweight. cotton. light-colored,
A risk assessment of all areas of operations should be conducted to identify high loose-fitting -unless using machinery) and personal protective equipment
temperatuire working environments and implement effective control measures to including o large personal water container (of at least two liter in size) ;
reduce exposure and protect employees from heat exposure; • Provision for design and placement of shade and cooling shelters for
Employers that have employees working in high temperature environments shall employees working outside during summer months and appropriate cooled
develop a worksite specific heat stress program that shall consist of. but not accommodation / shelter for the summer months during the midday break
limited to the following elements: periods set by the Ministry of Labor;
• Acclimatization program for new employees. employees that have been on • Process for scheduling physical activities in the summer months during the
vacation. and employees that are moving from a worksite that has climate coolest part of the day to the extent reasonably practicable;
control to a worksite that hos high temperatures with on allowance of 5-7 • Provision of appropriate pre-employment screening and medical clearance
days from acclimatization before starting hard work in o hot environment in for hot work for any employee working in high temperature environments to
summer; identify any chronic medical condition (e.g. high blood pressure, obesity)
• A planned and scheduled training and awareness program to or use of prescription drugs which may affect their resistance to heal stress
communicate the required information to the various groups at risk or (consult a doctor);
responsible for worker health and safety i.e.: Managers and Supervisors, First • Pre-job training (inductions) prior to working in high temperature
Aiders and Exposed Workers; environments
Plans and procedures for provision of appropriate amounts of potable • A permit to work and work-rest scheduling system in extreme high
drinking water close to the worksite and appropriate electrolyte temperature and humidity environments that considers and includes an
replacement drinks, as per the guidance from o qualified physician, for environmental heat stress index;
employees working in high temperature environments and implement • Audit/inspection program to ensure worksites are following the heat stress
programmed drinking where appropriate every hour to encourage program requirements ; and
appropriate fluid intake of at least 2 !Hers every 2·3 hours;
• Investigation. recording and reporting of heat injuries and illness.
.....
-- Safaty l•nit llNt

Engineering Controls Program Implementation on Site

Engineering Control Measures Working In Heat Awareness

Control Measures may include: • · induction of all personnel new to the GCC region, regardless of origin must
• adding Insulation to building ceilings to minimize solar heat transfer; include Working ln Heat Information. PowerPoint presentations for trainers
and workers have been developed for this purpose and ore available on the
• providing shaded work areas as much as possible;
DVD and HAAD website
• providing cooled and air-conditioned rest areas with water or electrolyte
• Prior to the hot season each year. a brief follow up talk should be given to
drinks (not salt tablets or salt water)
all workers reinforcing the Importance of maintaining good hydration and
• using exhaust ventilation such as extraction hoods above heat-generating recognizing the signs of heat illness
processes
• Posters illustrating monitoring of hydration status by urine color should be
• using forced air-ventilation such as fans to increase airflow across the sldn displayed in toilets and rest rooms
and Increase evaporation and cooling; and
• Awareness posters to be placed up In work and rest areas and labour
• using cooled air from on air-conditioning system to cool work areas accommodation sites
• Awareness Pamphlets to be provided to supervisors and workers to train and
educate them.

Worker Training Are You Drinking Enough Water? Test yourself

Urtne Colour when
General Awareness training for exposed workers should Include: Good Urine Colour Dehydrat.d
• The hazards of working In heat;
• The importance of maintaining good hydration {drinking at least 2 Liters of
Water every 2-3 hours)
• Eating a well-balanced diet and adding a Uttle extra salt to their meals;
• Recognize the signs of heat mness;
• The hazards of consuming of alcohol, tea, coffee and coffeinoted drinks
which make increase fluid loss;
• Explanation of the self-assessment of hydration using the urine charts;
• The Importance of rest and recovery and getting a good night's sleep
SG l .0 10 1Cl.020 SG 1.030
• Whal to do in case of heat illness or identifying heat illness in a fellow worker,
notifying the supervisor

• •
Saf•llfl•l'tle llHI

S5 :;;

Additional Resources

Additional forms and awareness/educational resources are available on the ~~I .,J.c9 15-' \S'.!l '5-' UolJ-91 "'1,c ~ 1 9 &.µg.ll.J alDcµQ.09 <4,9Lol a!Jlo.i.wl }Sg..u
training CD and DVD or HAAD website (-.haad.ae/safety-ln-heat) for download ~~ 9 (www.haad.ae/safety-ln-heat/ar)~9-1l ~ ib.L,JI ~ 1?9~PI
upon registration including:
:&..i,ll.i.ll ~lj~J &, J..i.:;,.w.l.11 ..>..i.c
• Dehydration test reports
• Technical information sheets ~I~ .ck,JI J.l..2J> al..o919 J-:!JlA:i •
• Permit to work in heal form ii ! i iii alD ~ (l.o.o.li al.>.llilUI •
• Important information for visitors and new arrivals .l.,!iili.11 pll ~ J,,sv!., ~_µ.II 6JL.,.i.wl •
• Working in heal questionnaire .>.i.:;,.JJ Jl,,2JJ9 Jigj.U &Jiln OU>~ •
• Educational and awareness materials (supervisors and worker information .>.Jiili.llpll~~lu4,l.u,I •
pamphlets and posters)
((Hil;.ili,Jl9 Jl,,sill a ~ 9 alJLo.L>) ~ 9 ii,/~~ -'19,J>
• PowerPolnt presentation slides
.cl9-1,WI "'1,c J'4slll9 (Hll;.ili,JI Y-,'J.u.l o.l.J9.-!J94 Cl'J>l.lJ./ "'1,c ~~ UC9J-C
• An online Thermal Work Limit (TWLJ calculator
a.i;.l.llll "'1c J.,.stl.l ~hi .>..ill 1.,JU11.i=>ll Cl'J>l.lJ./
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Ory bulb (sumdard) "'mperatu,e
enler as Celsius or FBfonheil
Relllllve Ht.mldlly ('II)

...
Evlfuato lmpac:1 of dolhlng, FRC• and certain PPE Ugh1 fRCtOt not.hid:~°' noiniuLl\in,g PP£ ...
Evalu1t. the level or lhe physical worldoed ...
Evwole lhe aolar load b ~ 10 dirKt .unlighl with rrw ot no cloud! ...
C ult P S ssllodll
HNI lodex rFJ
Heat Index adjustment duo 10 wo,Jdorce ocdfmatiudon 0
Heal Index adjustmonl due to Impact or PPE 0< olher clothing 0
Hell! Index •cf!uSlmonl duo lo Iha physical WOll<load 0
Heal Index tment duo to the solar Joacf 16

Reduce the level of ph sica l effort lnvolvad ln tha tnk

Sha de the em loyees whil o wor1dna and resti ng

When measuring,Dry Bulb Temperature, be sure to measure the temperature al tho point work Is being porfoimed In case a heal source
greator lhan ambient lemperalure Is collocated to the work area and Impeding the craw.
Individual reactions to heat will vary. Risk levels are delennlned based upon the responses lo heal stress of average meles of average fitness
level. Individual differences may Increase the risk levels and should be conslderad when evaluating lhe heal stress risk level.
Chart provides guidelines for assessing the polenUal severity of heal &lrass. This chart is not meant lo replace heal stress assessments using
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index or Required SWaat Rate. If the appropriate psychometric measuring capabnlties are available, lhen they
should be considered for use and the results considered more accurate than those obtained from the above methodology

U.S. National Weather Service

U.S. NIOSH PubllcaUon 86-113 "Occu alional E sure lo Hot Enwonmenls"
HSE RESEARCH REPORT 008- "The development of a practical heat stress assessment methodology for use In UK Industry", Damian
Bethea & Ken Parsons. De artment of Human Sciences. Lou borou h Universl
U.S. CHPMM - Heat Slress Assessment