2739 2009

AS/NZS 2739:2009
AS/NZS 2739:2009
Australian/New Zealand Standard™
oI
Natural gas (NG) fuel systems for
vehicle engines
AS/NZS 2739:2009
This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee ME-046, Gas Fuel Systems for Vehicle Engines. It was approved on
behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 4 November 2008 and on behalf of
the Council of Standards New Zealand on 25 February 2009.
This Standard was published on 16 March 2009.
The following are represented on Committee ME-046:
Australian Automobile Association

Australian Industrial Truck Association
Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure, SA
Department of Mines and Energy, Qld
Energy Safety, WA
Engineers Australia
Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries
Gas Association of New Zealand
International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles
New Zealand Transport Agency
LPG Association of New Zealand
LPG Australia
Motor Trade Association, New Zealand
Motor Traders' Association of NSW
Motor Trades Association of Australia
Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW
Safework SA Department for Premier and Cabinet
Victorian Police
TAFE NSW
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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 07279.

AS/NZS 2739:2009
Australian/New Zealand Standard™
Natural gas (NG) fuel systems for

vehicle engines
Originated in Australia as AS 2739—1984.

Originated in New Zealand as NZS 5422.2:1980.
Previous edition AS/NZS 2739:2003.
Fifth edition 2009.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Jointly published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001 and Standards
New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020
ISBN 0 7337 9050 X

AS/NZS 2739:2009 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee ME-046, Gas Fuel Systems for Vehicle Engines, to supersede
AS/NZS 2739:2003, Natural Gas (CNG) fuel systems for vehicle engines.
This edition introduces requirements for the installation of equipment used in fuelling
engines with Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). The term Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has
been removed from the title of this Standard so as to allow the introduction of LNG
alongside CNG.
The document has been restructured to facilitate the introduction of LNG requirements
alongside the requirements of CNG and a new section dealing exclusively with LNG.
The requirement for the maximum working operating pressure of 20 MPa for CNG
containers has been removed to allow for the latest designs in container specifications. The
Installation Compliance Plate requirement has been modified for consistency with
AS/NZS 1425, LP Gas fuel systems for vehicle engines.
The 2003 edition had been expanded to include engine exhaust emission testing and
acceptance of components complying with ISO 15500, Parts 1 to 20 and ECE R110. This
Standard further incorporates changes to the requirements of exhaust emissions, which are
simplified and include requirements for both CNG and LNG fuelled engines.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a
Standard, whereas an informative appendix is for information and guidance.
3 AS/NZS 2739:2009
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 OBJECTIVE................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 5
1.4 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 5
1.5 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS ..................................................................... 8
1.6 VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS .................................................................................... 8
1.7 IMPACT ON VEHICLE LOADING ........................................................................... 9
1.8 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ALTERATIONS ............................................. 9
1.9 APPROVED EQUIPMENT....................................................................................... 10
1.10 PREVIOUSLY USED EQUIPMENT........................................................................ 10
1.11 WORKING AREA AND SAFE PRACTICES........................................................... 10
SECTION 2 COMPONENTS
2.1 GENERAL SUITABILITY ....................................................................................... 11
2.2 COMPONENT PARTS ............................................................................................. 11
2.3 MODIFICATION ...................................................................................................... 11
SECTION 3 CNG CONTAINER AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

3.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 12
3.2 CONTAINER ............................................................................................................ 12
3.3 COMPONENTS FOR REMOVABLE CONTAINERS ............................................. 13
3.4 CONTAINER VALVE .............................................................................................. 13
3.5 REFUELLING CONNECTION ................................................................................ 13
3.6 REFUELLING NON-RETURN VALVE .................................................................. 14
3.7 LOCATION OF REFUELLING RECEPTACLE ..................................................... 14
3.8 REFUELLING INFORMATION PLATE ................................................................. 14
3.9 SERVICE ISOLATION VALVE............................................................................... 15
3.10 FUEL FILTER........................................................................................................... 15
3.11 AUTOMATIC FUEL SHUT-OFF DEVICE.............................................................. 15
3.12 FUEL FLOW REGULATION DEVICE.................................................................... 15
3.13 CONTENTS INDICATOR ........................................................................................ 16
3.14 CONTAINER COMPARTMENTS AND SUB-COMPARTMENTS ........................ 16
3.15 MOUNTING OF FUEL CONTAINER ..................................................................... 18
3.16 CONTAINER LOCATION AND GROUND CLEARANCES .................................. 21
3.17 PROTECTION .......................................................................................................... 23
3.18 HEAT SHIELDING .................................................................................................. 23
SECTION 4 LNG CONTAINER AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

4.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 24
4.2 CONTAINER ........................................................................................................... 24
4.3 DESIGN OF REFUELLING CONNECTION ........................................................... 25
4.4 CONTAINER SHUT-OFF VALVE .......................................................................... 25
4.5 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES ............................................................................... 26
4.6 MOUNTING OF CONTAINER(S) ........................................................................... 26
4.7 CONTAINER LOCATION AND GROUND CLEARANCES .................................. 27
4.8 PROTECTION OF CONTAINER ............................................................................. 28
4.9 CONTAINERS MOUNTED IN THE INTERIOR OF VEHICLES ........................... 29
4.10 VAPORIZERS........................................................................................................... 29
AS/NZS 2739:2009 4
SECTION 5 CNG AND LNG FUEL SERVICE LINES AND MATERIALS

5.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 30
5.2 MATERIALS ............................................................................................................ 30
5.3 RIGID PIPING .......................................................................................................... 30
5.4 FLEXIBLE PIPING................................................................................................... 31
5.5 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS ................................................................................ 31
5.6 PIPING INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION ...................................................... 31
5.7 PIPING OR FITTINGS IN ENCLOSED SPACES.................................................... 32
5.8 CNG TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS................................................................. 32
5.9 FUEL HOSE FOR PRESSURE NOT EXCEEDING 100 kPa ................................... 32
5.10 NG GAS FUEL PIPING FOR PRESSURE NOT EXCEEDING 450 kPa.................. 33
5.11 CNG BREAKAWAY COUPLINGS ......................................................................... 33
SECTION 6 FUEL CONTROL EQUIPMENT

6.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 34
6.2 FUEL METERING SYSTEM ................................................................................... 34
6.3 FUEL SELECTOR .................................................................................................... 34
6.4 PETROL OR DIESEL SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS ............................................... 35
6.5 ELECTRICAL WIRING ........................................................................................... 35
6.6 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM....................................................................... 35
SECTION 7 INSPECTION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

7.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 36
7.2 USED EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................. 36
7.3 MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS.......................................................................... 36
7.4 PRECAUTIONS........................................................................................................ 36
7.5 INSPECTION ............................................................................................................ 37
7.6 LEAK DETECTION ................................................................................................. 37
7.7 CONTAINERS .......................................................................................................... 37
7.8 INSTALLATION TEST ............................................................................................ 38
7.9 PERIODIC INSPECTION ......................................................................................... 39
7.10 NON-RETURN VALVE TEST ................................................................................. 41
SECTION 8 CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE PLATE, MARKINGS AND LABELS

8.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 42
8.2 CERTIFICATION ..................................................................................................... 42
8.3 COMPLIANCE PLATE ............................................................................................ 42
8.4 LABELS AND MARKINGS..................................................................................... 42
8.5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................ 43
APPENDICES
A LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ................................................................. 44
B REGULATING AGENCY INFORMATION ............................................................ 48
C NEW ZEALAND CNG REFUELLING CONNECTION AND DUST PLUG........... 50
D LEAK DETECTION METHODS.............................................................................. 51
E PROCEDURES FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH EXHAUST
EMISSION STANDARDS (Australia only) .............................................................. 53
5 AS/NZS 2739:2009
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND
Australian/New Zealand Standard

Natural gas (NG) fuel systems for vehicle engines
SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies requirements for natural gas (NG) fuel systems for engines mounted
on motor vehicles, either for the propulsion of the vehicles or for driving some auxiliary
function, e.g. a mixer or a pump. It provides requirements for the design and construction of
component parts, and for their installation in vehicles, and for tests, commissioning, and
periodic inspection. It applies to all vehicle types, e.g. rigid chassis, articulated chassis and
semitrailers.
This Standard does not cover the areas where major structural modifications are to be
carried out to the vehicle. Prior to commencement of such work guidance should be sought
from the vehicle manufacturer or a professional engineer who is experienced in the
automotive disciplines.
This Standard does not apply to NG usage such as the gas supply system for appliances in
caravans, mobile homes, forklifts, floor sweepers, polishers, tow tractors, elevating work
platforms and industrial engines (refer to AS 4983) or for the propulsion of marine craft
(refer to AS 4732).
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this Standard is to provide designers, manufacturers, installers and
regulatory authorities with technical requirements for natural gas fuel systems for vehicle
engines so as to provide functional, safe installations.
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

A list of the Standards referenced in this Standard is given in Appendix A.
1.4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
1.4.1 Approved, approval
Approved by or approval of the regulatory authority.
1.4.2 Authority
The authority having statutory powers to control any aspect of the design, manufacture,
installation and use of equipment described in this Standard in the country, state or territory
in which the vehicle is registered.
1.4.3 Authorized person
In Australia—a person who has completed an authorized training course and is
licensed/registered by the relevant statutory authority to install or service natural gas
equipment in automotive vehicles.
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In New Zealand—a person, normally an automotive tradesman, registered by the New

Zealand Transport Agency as holding an Automotive Trade Extension Certificate in Motor
Vehicle Conversion—Petrol to Gas (LP Gas/NG), or a person approved by separate
statutory authority.
1.4.4 Automatic fuel shut-off device
A provision for shutting off the fuel supply unless certain essential conditions exist.
1.4.5 Breakaway coupling
A device designed to disconnect in the event of the towing vehicle moving off while
coupled to the towed trailer.
1.4.6 Capacity (of a container)
The total internal volume of the container, expressed in litres.
NOTE: This was previously known as ‘water capacity’.
1.4.7 Certified kit
A kit comprising the fuel control and engine management system components and detailed
installation instructions, as specified in Section 6, which has been successfully tested in
accordance with the relevant requirements of Appendix E.
1.4.8 CNG (compressed natural gas)
A compressed gaseous fuel composed of natural gas as defined in AS 4564.
1.4.9 Container
An NG container for the storage of CNG or LNG to be used as a fuel for an engine.
1.4.10 Container compartment
A structure of rigid or pliable material that encloses the whole of the container and its
fittings, whose purpose is to collect any gas leakage which might occur, so that it can be
discharged to open air.
1.4.11 Container manufacturing certificate
A manufacturer’s certificate containing information including the container design
information/drawing, the container standard, the container model number, the rated working
pressure, serial numbers, an Australian container design registration number, the expiry
date (if applicable) and periodic inspection interval.
1.4.12 Container sub-compartment
A structure of rigid or pliable material attached to the container, which encloses the
container fittings, and whose purpose is to collect any gas leakage which might occur, so
that it can be discharged to open air.
1.4.13 Cryogenically conditioned system pressure (LNG)
The pressure of LNG when stored at a nominal –132°C.
NOTE: LNG is stored at an ideal pressure of 500 kPa at –132°C. The pressure will rise as the
temperature increases resulting in a release of vapour from the pressure relief valve (PRV) once
the first PRV setting has been exceeded.
1.4.14 Design pressure
The maximum pressure to which a container or component is designed to be subjected, and
the basis for determining the strength of the component under consideration.
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1.4.15 Fuel
1.4.15.1 Bi-fuel vehicle
A vehicle that can operate on either natural gas or an optional fuel (e.g. petrol).
1.4.15.2 Dual fuel vehicle
A vehicle that can operate on part natural gas and part optional fuel (e.g. diesel) or the
alternative fuel (diesel) only.
1.4.15.3 Mono fuel vehicle
A vehicle that can operate on NG only.
1.4.16 Fuel flow regulation device
A liquid flow excess control valve that will actuate at a predetermined drop in downstream
pressure allowing upstream pressure to seat the valve and stop flow.
1.4.17 Fuel metering system
A component or series of components which control the flow of gas into the engine.
NOTE: A fuel metering component could be a gas air mixer, fuel injection device, etc.
1.4.18 Fuel service line
The fuel line supplying the engine and running from the container(s) to the engine.
1.4.19 Gas air mixer
A device for introducing gaseous fuel to the induction air of the engine.
1.4.20 Ignition source
A source of energy sufficient to ignite a flammable atmosphere and includes naked flames,
exposed incandescent material, electric welding arcs, and electrical or mechanical
equipment or components not approved for use in hazardous areas.
NOTE: A vehicle will not be regarded as being an ignition source while it is entering or leaving
the hazardous zone surrounding a fuel dispenser, for refuelling.
1.4.21 LNG (liquefied natural gas)
A cryogenic liquid, produced by reducing the temperature of natural gas to a nominal
−162°C at atmospheric pressure.
1.4.22 May
Indicates the existence of an option.
1.4.23 NGV
Natural gas fuelled vehicle.
1.4.24 Non-return valve
A valve that permits fuel flow in only one direction.
1.4.25 Pressure
Gauge pressure (as opposed to absolute pressure).
1.4.26 Pressure relief device (PRD)
A device that prevents a predetermined upstream pressure being exceeded.
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1.4.27 Professional engineer

A person who is—
(a) a professional engineer in the relevant discipline who has appropriate experience and
competence in the relevant field; or
(b) a Corporate Member of the Institution of Engineers Australia or the Institution of
Professional Engineers New Zealand; or
(c) eligible to become a Corporate Member of the Institution of Engineers Australia or
the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand, and has appropriate
experience and competence in the relevant field.
1.4.28 Rated working pressure (CNG)
The maximum pressure to which it is permitted to fill a cylinder with CNG, measured when
the cylinder and its contents are at an equilibrium temperature of 15°C.
1.4.29 Refuelling connection
Joint assembly of refuelling nozzle and receptacle.
1.4.30 Refuelling interlock device
A system that prevents the engine starting when the dust plug/cap is removed.
1.4.31 Refuelling nozzle
Device attached to the refuelling hose that permits quick connection and disconnection of
fuel supply hose to the receptacle in a safe manner.
1.4.32 Refuelling receptacle
Device connected to a vehicle or storage system that receives the NG refuelling nozzle and
permits safe transfer of fuel.
1.4.33 Regulator
A device used to control the delivery pressure of gaseous fuel to the engine.
1.4.34 Removable container
A container that is removed from the vehicle when refuelling is necessary, usually in
exchange for a full cylinder.
1.4.35 Shall
Indicates that a statement is mandatory.
1.4.36 Should
Indicates a recommendation.
1.5 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS

Any alternative materials, equipment, designs, method of assembly or procedures, which do
not comply with the specific requirements of this Standard, or are not mentioned in it, but
which, given equivalent results to those specified, may be acceptable. Under such
conditions the regulatory authority can give advice on the procedure for approval.
1.6 VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS

Any alterations or modifications to any vehicle resulting from the installation of NG
equipment shall be carried out in accordance with sound engineering practices. Areas of
alteration or modification include the following:
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(a) Suspension
Including mounting locations, geometry, ground clearance adjustment, axles and stub
axles, or steering mechanism.
(b) Original fuel storage
Including the fuel tank assembly, fuel tank mounting, venting or filler assemblies.
(c) Vehicle structure
Including any additional holes, welded joints, direct load bearing points and structural
alteration near seat belt anchorages.
Holes greater than 13 mm shall not be located within 40 mm of the edge of a panel,
welded joint or direct load bearing point or any structural alterations within 200 mm
of any seat belt anchorage. The only holes permitted, which are greater than 13 mm
diameter, are for the installation of the filling valve or for venting purposes.
(d) Braking system
Including the hand brake and components.
(e) Spare wheel location
Including the spare wheel mounting and its anchorage.
The spare wheel mounting and its anchorage shall be designed using the design
factors given in Table 3.2.
(f) Anchorages
Including seat anchorages, seat belt anchorages and child restraint anchorages.
Modifications carried out to areas listed in Items (a) to (f) shall comply with—
(i) in Australia—Australian Design Rules (ADRs), or relevant Codes and Standards
accepted by Ministerial Councils comprising Federal, State and Territory Ministers,
or relevant Acts and Regulations; or
(ii) in New Zealand—relevant Codes and Standards accepted by the New Zealand
Transport Agency.
1.7 IMPACT ON VEHICLE LOADING

The weight of the container(s) will affect the tare weight of the vehicle. The vehicle
manufacturer’s and the legal rating on the tyre and axle loadings should be considered. In
no circumstances shall the vehicle’s critical load distribution, which affects safety, be
compromised.
1.8 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ALTERATIONS

1.8.1 General
Any alteration(s) made to a vehicle’s original equipment or the engine’s fuel management
system shall not adversely affect the original manufacturer’s design, safety level and
performance when operating on the fuel for which it was designed, including On-Board
Diagnostics (OBD).
1.8.2 Additional requirements for Australia only
The following requirements of this Clause do not apply in New Zealand.
Where a vehicle was originally designed to operate with a closed loop engine management
system, NG closed loop management system shall be installed that results in exhaust
emission levels for NG operation that meet the requirements of the Australian Design Rules
(ADR) applicable to the vehicle.
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AS/NZS 2739:2009 10
Where NG equipment is fitted to a vehicle which was originally certified to ADR79/00, the
installer shall use a certified kit tested and installed in accordance with one of the
requirements of Paragraph E2 of Appendix E.
installer shall use a certified kit tested and installed in accordance with the requirements of
Paragraph E3 of Appendix E.
installer shall undertake the conversion in accordance with one of the methods specified in
Where NG equipment is fitted to a vehicle which was originally certified to ADR80/00 or
ADR80/01, the installer shall use a certified kit tested and installed in accordance with the
requirements of Paragraph E5 of Appendix E.
Where NG equipment is fitted to a vehicle which was originally certified to ADR 79/02, the
installer shall use a certified kit tested and installed in accordance with the requirements of
1.9 APPROVED EQUIPMENT

Only equipment acceptable to the relevant agency shall be used.
NOTE: Appendix B lists the agencies in the Australian States and Territories and New Zealand
responsible for activities relating to NG vehicles.
1.10 PREVIOUSLY USED EQUIPMENT

1.10.1 Provisions
Previously used equipment may be transferred to another vehicle provided that the
following criteria apply:
(a) The equipment shall be in good condition and continue to comply with this Standard.
(b) The container(s) recertification interval shall not have expired.
(c) Double ferrule fittings shall only be reused if the ferrules are replaced subject to the
manufacturer’s published catalogue instructions.
1.10.2 Prohibitions
The following components and materials shall not be reused:
(a) Any piping or hose that has been subject to NG.
(b) Any fittings used for the connection of pipes or hoses that have been removed from
components, except as specified in Clause 1.10.1(c).
(c) Any grommets or fittings used to seal piping through bulkheads.
1.11 WORKING AREA AND SAFE PRACTICES

The working area specialist equipment and the practices applied during installation,
inspection, testing and commissioning shall comply with AS 2746 or New Zealand
Transport Agency, Vehicle Inspection Requirements Manual Alternative Fuel System
Certification, Section 5, Inspection premises and equipment.
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SECT ION 2 COMPONENTS
2.1 GENERAL SUITABILITY

2.1.1 General
Components including piping shall be approved and suitable for the conditions of use, e.g.
temperature, pressure, corrosion, compatibility and vibration. Components may be
combined into multifunction units, provided that such units comply with the requirements
for each function.
2.1.2 Suitability for pressure
All components subject to CNG container pressure, excluding the container, shall have a
burst pressure of not less than four times the fuel container rated working pressure.
All other components subject to gas fuel system pressure shall have a burst pressure of not
less than four times their maximum operating pressure.
2.1.3 Suitability for installation
Components shall be robust enough to withstand the stresses imposed by fitting and
tightening the connections.
2.2 COMPONENT PARTS

Components shall be approved in accordance with AG 805 or ISO 15500 Parts 1 to 20 or
ECE R110 subject to the requirement of Clause 2.1.2.
2.3 MODIFICATION
Modifications to an approved component shall not be made without specific approval.
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SECT ION 3 CNG CONTA I NER AND FUE L

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
3.1 APPLICATION
3.1.1 General
This Section addresses the components, location, mounting, protection, venting and
installation requirements for the equipment utilizing CNG operating under container
pressure.
3.1.2 Fuel supply system components
The fuel supply system shall be provided with the following components:
(a) One or more fuel containers.
(b) Container valve or valves.
(c) A refuelling connection.
(d) A refuelling non-return valve.
(e) Service isolation valve.
(f) Fuel filter.
(g) Fuel shut-off device (lock-off).
(h) Fuel flow regulation devices.
(i) Refuelling interlock device (New Zealand only).
3.1.3 Use of multiple components
The components specified in Clause 3.1.2 may be combined into multifunction units (see
Clause 2.1.1).
3.2 CONTAINER
3.2.1 General
The container shall be a gas cylinder approved for automotive CNG use, for a rated working
pressure of at least 20 MPa.
The container shall comply with the requirements of—
(a) ISO 11439; or
(b) ANSI NGV 2; or
(c) CSA B51 Part 2; or
(d) ECE R110; or
(e) an approved equivalent Standard.
3.2.2 Container identity and type
The installer shall confirm that—
(a) the serial numbers stamped or labelled on the containers are identical with those on
their associated manufacturing certificates; and
(b) the container construction type is as specified by the design information/drawing
given in the container manufacturing certificate.
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3.2.3 Use of removable containers

Containers that are removed for refuelling shall be used only with specific approval for
each installation, and then only for vehicles that are unable to refuel at a refuelling station
by reason of their slow travelling capability or the inability to place a refuelling station
within their reach.
3.2.4 Container painting
Steel containers shall be protected from external corrosion by the application of a protective
anti-corrosive coating.
3.3 COMPONENTS FOR REMOVABLE CONTAINERS

A container that is removed from the vehicle for filling shall be provided with at least the
following components:
(a) Refuelling receptacle.
(b) Dust cap.
(c) Container valve.
3.4 CONTAINER VALVE

A container valve shall comply with AS 2473, ISO 15500-5 or ANSI/AGA NGV3.1 unless
specifically approved otherwise, and shall be mounted directly to the container neck.
Container valves shall—
(a) be equipped with an operating handle which is removable only with the aid of tools;
and
(b) be fitted with one or more pressure relief device(s) which shall be either a
combination bursting disc/fusible plug (Type BD/FP2) or a combination pressure
relief valve/fusible plug (Type PRV/FP2) or a fusible plug (Type FP2) in accordance
with either AS 2613, ANSI/PRD 1, ISO 15500-13 or ECE R110.
NOTE: For containers manufactured to AS 4838 (ISO 11439), ANSI NGV2 or CSA B51,
Part 2, the container, the container valve and the pressure relief devices must be approved as a
system.
3.5 REFUELLING CONNECTION

3.5.1 Design of connection
In Australia—the refuelling connection shall meet the requirements of ISO 14469 or
ANSI/CSA NGV1. The rated working pressure of the refuelling connection shall be suitable
for the rated working pressure of the fuel container(s) used. Alternative designs may be
used for special applications with specific approval. The receptacle shall be attached to the
vehicle.
In New Zealand—the refuelling connection shall be of an approved type, designed to
receive a probe type refuelling connection with basic dimensions as given in Appendix C.
3.5.2 Dust cap
In Australia—the refuelling receptacle shall be provided with a captive dust cap (protective
cap) which complies with the requirements of ISO 14469 or ANSI/CSA NGV1.
In New Zealand—each refuelling connection shall be provided with a captive dust cap or
plug designed to prevent the ingress of foreign material.
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3.5.3 Refuelling interlock device (New Zealand only)

In New Zealand—refuelling connections on motor vehicles shall be fitted with a system that
prevents the engine starting when the dust plug is removed. This system shall isolate the
starting device of the vehicle.
3.6 REFUELLING NON-RETURN VALVE

A non-return valve shall be fitted on the refuelling line to prevent the return flow of gas
from the container to the refuelling connection. The non-return valve shall be located as
close to the refuelling connection as practicable.
3.7 LOCATION OF REFUELLING RECEPTACLE

The refuelling receptacle shall be located so that the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) The engagement of the dispenser nozzle to the refuelling receptacle is made and
refuelling is supervised from outside the vehicle. The refuelling connection may be
directly mounted on the container only if the method of access to it from outside does
not result in the opening of a vapour path to the interior of the vehicle, thereby
negating the effectiveness of a container compartment or sub-compartment.
(b) The refuelling receptacle is protected by being located in a recess below the surface
of a body panel, or by being located so that equivalent protection is provided by the
construction of the vehicle.
(c) The refuelling operation can be carried out without requiring the operator to kneel or
to crawl or lie under the vehicle or be otherwise subject to inconvenience, discomfort
or hazard.
(d) The refuelling receptacle is located and mounted so that any loading resulting from
normal refuelling operations, and applied to the refuelling receptacle by the operator
or by the refuelling hose in the course of normal refuelling procedures, is minimized.
In addition, the refuelling receptacle shall be attached to the motor vehicle in such a
manner as to resist, without permanent deformation of the mounting attachment, the
following minimum proof load applied in the forward and reverse directions of travel
of the vehicle:
In Australia ..................................................................................... 670 N
In New Zealand ............................................................................... 500 N
The proof load shall be applied by full engagement of the refuelling receptacle and
shall be representative of attempted movement of the vehicle while refuelling.
3.8 REFUELLING INFORMATION PLATE

The following information shall appear on a plate that shall be installed near the refuelling
receptacle and be clearly visible to the refueller:
(a) ‘CNG’.
(b) The rated working pressure, in megapascals at a stated temperature.
(c) Except for removable container systems, the container identification numbers and the
stamped date of the next recertification of the container(s) and the capacity of the
total installation. When a container is changed or recertified, this information shall be
updated.
NOTE: Figure 3.1 illustrates a typical refuelling information plate.
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FIGURE 3.1 TYPICAL REFUELLING INFORMATION PLATE
3.9 SERVICE ISOLATION VALVE

A quick acting quarter turn isolation valve shall be installed so that it is—
(a) readily accessible; and
(b) arranged to isolate the refuelling receptacle and the engine from the fuel service line.
In Australia, for a vehicle having only one container, this valve is not required.
3.10 FUEL FILTER

A fuel filter shall be installed immediately upstream of the fuel shut-off device and shall be
capable of removing from the fuel all particulate matter that could cause malfunction of the
valve.
3.11 AUTOMATIC FUEL SHUT-OFF DEVICE

A fuel shut-off device shall be installed immediately upstream of the first stage regulator
and shall prevent a flow of gas to the engine unless both the following conditions exist:
(a) The ignition is on.
(b) The engine is rotating.
The fuel shut-off device may be permitted to open for a period of up to 3 s when the
ignition is first turned on, so as to allow priming of the fuel system.
3.12 FUEL FLOW REGULATION DEVICE

The regulator equipment shall be installed so that—
(a) it is easily accessible for routine maintenance, adjustment, and inspection;
(b) it is mounted as close to the point of introduction of natural gas to the engine as
practical but shall not be mounted on the engine unless specifically approved by the
manufacturer;
(c) it is reasonably protected from impact in a collision;
(d) it is closely adjacent to or connects directly with the automatic fuel shut-off device, to
which any pipe connection shall be kept as short as possible; and in no case shall the
line length be more than 500 mm;
(e) it allows sufficient free movement of gas and water hoses;
(f) it is securely mounted;
(g) the water-circulating system is connected in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions, and so that no flow control valve in the system can shut off hot water
flow, e.g. thermostat, heater control valve; and
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(h) the regulator shall, where necessary, be provided with the heat shielding requirements
of Clause 3.18.
NOTE: The regulator should, where possible, be no higher than the level of the top of the
radiator tank as incomplete water-flooding may cause freezing immediately after starting.
3.13 CONTENTS INDICATOR

The fuel-contents indicating device, where fitted, shall be of a type that does not require gas
pressure piping to be located within a driver’s or passenger’s enclosure.
3.14 CONTAINER COMPARTMENTS AND SUB-COMPARTMENTS

3.14.1 Internal containers
Where a container is located within the body shell of a vehicle—
(a) the whole of the container together with its attached components and fittings shall be
enclosed in a compartment (see Note); or
(b) the valves, fittings, and pipe connections associated with or attached to the container
shall be enclosed in a localized sub-compartment attached to the container.
NOTE: The luggage boot of a car is not considered to be acceptable as a container
compartment under Item (a) because of difficulties concerning effectiveness of sealing, the
maintenance of ventilation openings, and the presence of electrical equipment in most boots.
3.14.2 Pressure relief device discharge
Any discharge from the container safety device shall be ducted to open air outside any
enclosed space for passengers, luggage or goods.
3.14.3 Construction
A container compartment or sub-compartment shall comply with the following
requirements:
(a) Construction shall be such that any gas which might leak from any fitting,
component, or piping cannot pass to any other enclosed compartment, passenger
space, luggage space or goods space of the vehicle.
(b) Where pliable material is used as the means of enclosure, the material shall comply
with the following requirements:
(i) Sufficiently strong to resist mechanical damage, preserve venting integrity, and
not support combustion.
(ii) Minimum tensile strength to ISO 527-3.
Parent material ..................................................................................... 14 MPa
Material incorporating a transverse seam............................................... 10 MPa
All seams shall be lapped and Radio Frequency (RF) welded.
(iii) Minimum elongation at break to ISO 527-3. ...............................................65%
(iv) Minimum tear force to BS 2782: Part 3, Method 360B........................ 35 N/mm
(v) Resistance to cold cracking. The material shall withstand a bend of 180°
applied within 0.5 seconds around a 6 mm diameter former at a temperature of
−35°C without cracking.
(vi) Flammability. The material shall conform to SAE J369 class SE/NBR.
(vii) Resistance to ultraviolet degradation shall be incorporated in the material at
manufacture.
(c) Mechanical protection shall be provided by a separate shield.
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(d) The arrangement shall not create a thermal shield around the container’s pressure
relief device.
(e) Where the pressure relief device of the cylinder valve is piped directly away, the
container is deemed to not have a sub-compartment and the requirements of
Clause 3.14.5 shall be met.
3.14.4 Ventilation
The interior of a compartment or sub-compartment shall be vented to open air by one or
more vents that comply with the following requirements:
(a) The aggregate area, taking into account any piping passing through the vent, shall be
not less than 500 mm2 .
(b) The vent exit shall be at least 75 mm from an exhaust pipe or similar heat source.
(c) The location and arrangement of the vent and any associated conduit shall be such
that the accumulation of gas is minimized.
The ventilation area shall be the net area. Vent hole data is provided in Table 3.1.
TABLE 3.1
VENT HOLE DATA
Dia. Area Dia. Area
2
mm mm mm mm 2
6 30 30 700
8 50 35 960
10 80 40 1250
12 115 45 1590
15 180 50 1960
20 315 55 2370
25 490 60 2830
3.14.5 Conduits
Any conduit required by Clause 3.14.4 shall be installed and comply with the following
requirements:
(a) The thickness of the material at its thinnest point shall be not less than the following:
(i) For a material that is a composite of a fabric with an elastomer
or plastics ......................................................................................... 0.7 mm.
(ii) For a material that is of plastics or an elastomer without
reinforcement as described in Item (i) .................................................. 1.5 mm.
(iii) For material that is a composite of a helical reinforcement and
an elastomer plastic ............................................................................. 1.0 mm.
(b) A sample of the conduit, when placed on a flat surface and loaded with 20 kg on an
applicator plate 100 mm × 100 mm, placed flat across the conduit, in an ambient
temperature between 15°C and 30°C, shall not crush to less than 80 percent of its
diameter, and shall return to at least 90 percent of its original diameter when the load
is released.
(c) A sample of the conduit, arranged with both ends connected in a representative
manner and plugged, and pressurized to 30 kPa, shall not lose more than 2 kPa in
30 min.
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NOTE: Certain conduit materials that feature pronounced internal spiral grooves can prove
difficult to seal to spigots and should be avoided where possible, as even with considerable
care in applying sealant difficulties in passing the pressure test may be experienced.
(d) End attachments shall resist a pull-off force of 100 N.
(e) The material shall conform to SAE J369 class SE/NBR
(f) The material shall have a resistance to ultraviolet degradation.
(g) The conduit shall be sealed gastight from the enclosed area, and shall be ventilated to
outside atmosphere.
NOTE: Certain conduit materials that feature pronounced internal spirals require considerable
care in the application of sealants to ensure that they are gastight.
(h) The conduit shall be as short as practicable, commensurate with safety.
(i) The end connections shall be mechanically clamped and shall not depend on
adhesives or sealing compounds to retain them in place.
(j) The holes for the conduit shall be positioned not less than 40 mm from the edge of a
panel or a welded joint or direct load bearing point (see Clause 1.6(c)).
3.15 MOUNTING OF FUEL CONTAINER

3.15.1 Access to valves
It shall be possible to operate the service isolation valve and the container valve in the
installed position.
The container valve may be arranged so that it can be operated from an internal area of the
vehicle provided that the sealing of the compartment or sub-compartment is maintained.
The valve-actuating device may either pass through the compartment or sub-compartment
wall or be completely enclosed within the compartment. The following requirements shall
apply:
(a) If a valve-actuating device passes through the wall of a compartment or sub-
compartment, a gastight seal shall be provided.
(b) When the compartment or sub-compartment is of rigid construction and the actuating
handle is wholly within the wall of the compartment or sub-compartment, access shall
be by a gastight captive hatch which can be opened without tools. Marking shall be
provided giving instructions that the hatch must be kept closed except when access to
the valve is necessary for maintenance or in an emergency.
(c) Where a rigid construction sub-compartment is used, the sub-compartment shall not
form a thermal barrier to the PRD. If the PRD is relocated outside the sub-
compartment, it shall be piped to the PRD port of the cylinder valve and the
arrangement shall be approved by the cylinder manufacturer.
(d) When a compartment or sub-compartment is constructed of a pliable material, the
valve actuating devices shall be clearly identified by a bright red circle. Adequate
surplus material shall be provided to allow rapid closing of the valve without damage
to the integrity of compartment sealing.
3.15.2 Attachment to vehicle
The container shall be securely attached to the vehicle to prevent slipping, rotating, and
jarring loose, in accordance with the following requirements:
(a) The method of attachment shall not cause undue stresses in the container wall. Any
attaching lugs, brackets or bolts shall be designed so that they will not rupture the
container in the event of an accident.
(b) Supports shall not be welded or bolted to gas containers.
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(c) The mounting method shall not significantly weaken the vehicle structure.
(d) The area of the vehicle to which the container is attached shall be reinforced if
necessary to ensure compliance with Item (e).
(e) The force necessary to separate the container(s) from the vehicle in any direction
shall be not less than the mass of the full container(s) times the design factor shown
in Table 3.2.
Where the vehicle is of the original manufactured construction, the design factor shall
be as determined by the vehicle manufacturer and the above prescribed design factors
may not be applicable.
In all cases, fatigue factors shall be taken into account in the design of the container
mounting system.
Where practicable, the strength of the anchorages may be established by—
(i) dynamic test (where deceleration is at least the applicable value given in
Table 3.2 for a duration of 20 ms;
(ii) static test (forces directed through the centre of mass of the cylinder); or
(iii) by calculation.
If this is impracticable refer to Clause 3.15.3.
TABLE 3.2
ATTACHMENT DESIGN FACTOR
Acceleration Gross vehicle mass ≤3.5 t Gross vehicle mass >3.5 t
direction
Longitudinal 20.0g 10.0g
Lateral 8.0g 5.0g
Vertical 4.5g 4.5g
NOTE: g is the gravitational acceleration.
(f) Screwed fasteners or clamping devices shall either be inherently resistant to loosening
or be locked or pinned after tightening.
(g) Where the container(s) are mounted on the vehicle roof, the container(s) and valves
shall be mounted within the perimeter of the vehicle body as determined by the
vehicle manufacturer.
3.15.3 Alternate anchoring
If dynamic testing or calculations referred to in Clause 3.15.2(e) are impracticable, the
following requirements shall apply:
(a) For each container, there shall be at least four points of attachment to the vehicle
structure, the distance between which shall be sufficient to ensure the stability of the
container.
(b) Where the container is anchored to sheet metal, the sheet metal shall be reinforced at
each attachment point with metal plates of areas not less than 3600 mm2 and thickness
not less than 2.5 mm. Any such reinforcement plates shall be contoured to the shape
of the sheet metal or chassis rail. It is preferred that a round washer be used but where
a square plate is fitted the corners shall be radiused to 5 mm and the bolt hole shall be
positioned in the centre of the plate/washer. Where the bolt hole is not central in the
plate, the nearest edge shall be bent to form an L-section for stiffening.
NOTE: Flat areas, even if ribbed, can be unsuitable for mountings without substantial
reinforcement, because of flexing and fatigue. Anchoring should be to structural members
wherever possible.
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(c) Where anchorage bolts pass through a hollow section, a spacer tube shall be provided
to prevent collapse of that section under load.
(d) Anchorage bolts, screws or studs for band or flange mountings shall have a diameter
of not less than that shown in Table 3.3 and the mechanical properties shall be as
follows:
(i) Fasteners with ISO metric threads . . . . Property class 4.6 in accordance with
AS 4291.1.
(ii) Fasteners other than ISO metric shall be of a commercial grade.
(e) Where clamping bands are used, at least two steel bands shall be provided, the
dimensions of which shall be not less than those shown in Table 3.3.
NOTE: Where multiple containers are mounted together on a common bracket or structure.
Table 3.3 does not apply. Refer to Clause 3.15.4.
To prevent the possibility of external corrosion or surface damage, where clamping
bands are used, they shall be free of sharp edges and fitted with a non-moisture
retaining hard rubber or equivalent material on the inner side of the bands.
(f) Where parts are joined, e.g. by welding a stud to a band, the strength of the joint shall
be not less than the strength of either component.
(g) Where the attachment is by means of clamping bands there shall be a positive means
of resisting longitudinal end loads on the container due to vehicle impact. The friction
grip of the clamping bands is not normally an acceptable means of endwise retention
unless the clamping bands can be demonstrated to meet the requirement (refer
Clause 3.15.2(e)). An acceptable form of retention is to secure a 200 mm length of
50 mm × 50 mm structural steel angle to the vehicle each end of the container. Each
length of steel angle shall be at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the container
with one leg vertical and fitted so as to provide a gap of 7 ±3 mm to the end of the
container. The other leg of each angle shall be secured to the vehicle by at least two
10 mm diameter bolts.
The 7 ±3 mm gap shall be maintained where suitable body or structural members of
the vehicle construction are available and these components are capable of
withstanding the required loadings.
NOTE: The attachment of a container to the roof of the vehicle, and particularly to the
gutters, is generally considered to be of inadequate strength, and unsatisfactory for a number
of other reasons, and is specifically banned in some jurisdictions. Such installations require
specific approval, which is usually given only for special vehicles, and takes into account
such aspects as vehicle speed, container protection and strength of mountings.
3.15.4 Multiple containers
For installations with more than one container mounted together to a common bracket or
structure, with a combined water capacity exceeding 150 L a specific design shall be
required for the mounting attachments. The design shall have certification by a professional
engineer.
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TABLE 3.3
DIMENSIONS OF ATTACHMENT
Cylinder capacity Band dimensions Bolt, screw or stud diameter
L (minimum nominal size) for band or flange mountings
(minimum nominal size)
Over Up to and
including mm mm
0 100 30 × 3 10
100 150 50 × 6 12
150 — Certification by professional engineer
3.16 CONTAINER LOCATION AND GROUND CLEARANCES

A container shall be located in accordance with the following requirements:
(a) The vehicle mass for determining ground clearances shall be the unladen mass,
including permanent non-standard attachments to the vehicle, and with all fuel, water,
and oil containers full.
(b) For a vehicle of less than 3.5 t mass or having a chassis ground clearance of not more
than 610 mm at the rear, no part of a fuel container or component that is beneath or
towards the ends of the vehicle shall lie outside a zone whose boundaries are those
shown in Figure 3.2 and as follows:
(i) 200 mm above the ground level.
(ii) 200 mm inboard of the centre of the original equipment bumper bar at either
end or, if a bumper bar is not fitted, the extremity of the bodywork on the
vehicle’s centre-line.
(iii) Along an angular plane tangential to the front or rear wheels and sloping
upward and outward to the extremity of the permanent bodywork.
(iv) In New Zealand, containers are not allowed forward of the driver.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 3.2 ZONE OF CLEARANCE—LOWER OR SMALLER VEHICLES
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(c) For a vehicle of 3.5 t or more mass, or having a chassis ground clearance exceeding
610 mm at the rear, the zone boundaries shall be those shown in Figure 3.3 and as
follows:
(i) 200 mm above the ground, or where mounted between the front and rear axles,
in accordance with Figure 3.2.
(ii) ahead of the front of the rearmost chassis cross member if provided, otherwise
the centre-line of the rearmost wheels.
(iii) 200 mm inboard of the centre of the original-equipment bumper bar at the front
or, if a bumper bar is not fitted, the extremity of the bodywork on the vehicle’s
centre-line.
(iv) Along an angular plane at the front or rear as defined in Item (c)(iii) above.
(v) In New Zealand, containers are not allowed forward of the driver.
Where a container is mounted between the front and rear axles, the container ground
clearance for a vehicle of 3.5 t mass or more, or having a chassis ground clearance
exceeding 610 mm at the rear, shall be 200 mm above ground as shown in Figure 3.3.
(d) A container shall not protrude outside the side extremities of the vehicle. Vehicle
panels shall not be reshaped in order to comply with this requirement.
(e) A container shall not be mounted above the body contour without specific approval
from the appropriate statutory authority (see Appendix B).
(f) A container shall be located so that its fittings are at least 100 mm inside the outer
body skin or tray of the vehicle.
FIGURE 3.3 ZONE OF CLEARANCE—LARGER OR HIGHER VEHICLES
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3.17 PROTECTION
A fuel container together with its associated attachments, shall be located and protected so
that the possibility of damage from impact, accident, or loose objects is minimized. The
following specific requirements shall apply:
(a) Each container shall be located in a position, or provided with protection, such that
damage in the course of normal vehicle usage is minimized. In particular—
(i) locations vulnerable to impact by objects thrown by tyres shall be avoided; and
(ii) damage due to impact by objects being handled by or carried by the vehicle
shall be prevented.
(b) The container shall not be in contact with any part of the vehicle, any piping, or any
objects which could cause rubbing or the entrapment of moisture.
(c) Provision shall be made to protect a container from damage in the event of failure of
the vehicle’s tailshaft if the container is less than 200 mm from the tailshaft.
(d) The container manufacturer’s instructions regarding exposure to sun, water or
chemicals (e.g. battery acid) shall be considered.
(e) A fuel container which is below the floor of a vehicle shall be provided with a guard
to protect against ground impact when either of the following conditions exist:
(i) The clearance between the container and the ground is less than 300 mm.
(ii) The container is behind the back wheels.
The guard shall be at least equivalent to a 1.5 mm steel plate guard, arranged to shield
the silhouette of the cylindrical portion of the container. Drainage shall be provided if
the design could accumulate water.
The guard shall not be positioned between the container and the clamping bands or
mounting frame.
(f) Engine exhaust outlets shall be directed away from the container.
3.18 HEAT SHIELDING

Where a container, component or pipe subject to container pressure is within 150 mm of a
hot object at a temperature above the normal engine water jacket temperature, a protective
radiation shield shall be interposed. If a single sheet metal shield of sufficient dimensions to
provide complete shielding is arranged not less than 15 mm from the protected item, the
distance from the protected item to the heat source may be reduced to not less than 40 mm.
For composite containers, the clearance distance or heat shielding shall ensure the service
temperature of the container does not exceed the container manufacturer’s specification.
NOTE: Exhaust systems should not be positioned below the container unless there is no practical
alternative route.
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SECT ION 4 LN G CONT A I NER AND FUE L

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
4.1 APPLICATION
4.1.1 General
This Section addresses the components, location, mounting, protection, venting and
installation requirements for the equipment operating under cryogenically conditioned
container pressure.
4.1.2 LNG fuel supply system components
The fuel supply system shall be provided with the following components:
(a) One or more containers.
(b) Fuel quantity level gauging system.
(c) Container valve or valves.
(d) A refuelling receptacle.
(e) A refuelling non-return valve.
(f) Service isolation valve.
(g) Fuel filter.
(h) Fuel shut-off device (solenoid lock off).
(i) Fuel flow regulation devices.
(j) Pressure relief devices.
(k) Pressure regulator.
(l) Vaporizer (heat exchanger).
4.1.3 Use of multiple components
The components specified in Clause 4.1.2 may be combined into multifunction units (see
Clause 2.1.1).
4.2 CONTAINER
4.2.1 General
Containers shall be in accordance with the following:
(a) Designed and fabricated in accordance with AS 1210.
(b) Inspected, tested and certified in accordance with Clause 7.7.2.
(c) Have a plate or markings displaying the approval/registration/certification number
from a statutory authority or recognized testing authority indicating that the container
complies with one or more of the following; NFPA 52, NFPA 57, ASME Section VIII
Division 1, ASME Section II Part A/C/D, ASME Section V, ASME Section IX,
SAE J2343 or an approved equivalent standard.
Those parts of LNG containers that are normally in contact with LNG or cold LNG vapour
shall be physically and chemically compatible with LNG and suitable for service at −162°C.
Container fittings shall have a rated working pressure not less than the maximum allowable
working pressure of the container.
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For vacuum insulation, the inner tank, outer tank, and internal lines shall be tested for
vacuum leaks.
4.2.2 Structural integrity
The pressurized container, when filled to its maximum filling volume with LNG, together
with valves, enclosures, and all other items that normally are mounted and attached thereto,
and mounted by its normal means of attachment, shall be capable of withstanding without
loss of contents a static force, in the six principal directions, equal to eight times the weight
of the container plus its contents. The container, the plumbing, and the mounting
attachments shall withstand the effects of shock, vibration, and acceleration encountered in
normal service.
4.3 DESIGN OF REFUELLING CONNECTION

The refuelling connection shall be an approved coupling. Alternative designs may be used
with specific approval.
4.4 CONTAINER SHUT-OFF VALVE

4.4.1 General
The container shall be equipped with shut-off valves designed for maximum pressure that
allow for its complete isolation from the rest of the vehicle fuel system. Container shut-off
valves shall be labeled as to their function (decals or stencils shall be acceptable).
Normally closed automatic shut-off valves that are held open by electric current, pneumatic
or hydraulic pressure, or a combination thereof, or manually operated shut-off valves shall
be permitted to be used to meet this requirement.
4.4.2 Container filling
Containers shall be equipped with a device or devices that provide an indication of when
the container is filled to the maximum allowable liquid level.
4.4.3 Reuse
Containers complying with Clause 4.2.1 shall be permitted to be reused, reinstalled, or
continued in use. A container shall be deemed to be suitable for continued service prior to
reuse.
4.4.4 Repair
Repair or alteration of containers shall comply with the code under which the container was
fabricated.
4.4.5 Markings
The container shall bear the following permanent identification markings; decals or stencils
shall be acceptable:
(a) The total water capacity of the container in litres.
(b) A label or labels placed in a visible location near the vehicle fill connection
identifying it as an LNG connection.
(c) Markings to designate whether all inlets and outlets, except the relief valves and
gauging devices, communicate with vapour or liquid space.
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4.5 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES

4.5.1 General
Containers shall be equipped with the pressure relief devices or pressure control valves
required by the code under which the containers were designed and fabricated, and the
relief devices shall be sized for simultaneous conditions of fire and loss of vacuum. The
pressure relief devices and pressure control valves shall communicate directly with the
vapour space of the container.
4.5.2 Pressure relief devices
All pressure relief devices on vehicular containers that discharge to the atmosphere shall
vent outside of the vehicle. All discharge lines and outlets shall be installed as follows:
(a) Pressure relief discharge lines shall be suitable for the pressure and temperature of the
discharge.
(b) Discharge lines and adapters shall be sized, located, and secured so as to permit the
required relief discharge capacity and to minimize the possibility of physical damage.
(c) The discharge lines shall be able to withstand the pressure of the relief vapour
discharge when the relief device is in the fully open position.
(d) A means shall be provided to minimize the possibility of the entrance of water or dirt
into either the relief device or its discharge line and to drain any water that
accumulates in the discharge line.
(e) The outlet of the discharge line shall be fitted with a device or configured to prevent
the formation or accumulation of any ice that could prevent the relief device from
operating at required capacity.
(f) The relief valve discharge shall not impinge directly on the vehicular container(s), the
exhaust system, or any other part of the vehicle, and shall not be directed into the
interior of the vehicle.
(g) Secondary relief devices designed to prevent rupture of the container upon failure of
the primary relief device shall not be required to be piped away from the tank.
Pressure relief devices and pressure control valves shall be so designed that the possibility
of tampering is minimized. Externally set or adjusted valves shall be provided with a means
of sealing the adjustments.
Pressure relief devices shall be replaced within a maximum of 10 years in service.
4.5.3 Heat leak
The construction of the container shall be such that the unrelieved pressure inside the
container shall not exceed the maximum allowable working pressure of the container within
a 72-hour period after the container has been filled to maximum filling volume with LNG
stabilized at the designed operating pressure and the temperature equilibrium has been
established. The ambient temperature during the 72-hour period shall be 21°C.
4.6 MOUNTING OF CONTAINER(S)

4.6.1 Access to valves
It shall be possible to operate the service isolation valve and the container valve in the
installed position.
4.6.2 Attachment to vehicle
The container shall be securely attached to the vehicle to prevent slipping, rotating, and
jarring loose, in accordance with the following requirements:
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(a) The method of attachment shall not cause undue stresses in the container shell. Any
attaching lugs, brackets or bolts shall be designed so that they will not rupture the
container in the event of an accident.
(b) Supports shall not be welded to containers.
(c) The mounting method shall not significantly weaken the vehicle structure.
(d) The area of the vehicle to which the container(s) is attached shall be reinforced if
necessary to ensure compliance with Item (e).
(e) The force necessary to separate the container(s) from the vehicle in any direction
shall be not less than the mass of the full container(s) times the design factor shown
in Table 4.1.
Where the vehicle is of the original manufactured construction, the design factor shall
be as determined by the vehicle manufacturer and the above prescribed design factors
may not be applicable. In all cases, fatigue factors shall be taken into account in the
design of the container mounting system.
The strength of the anchorages may be established by dynamic test (deceleration over
20 ms) or static test (forces directed through the centre of mass of the cylinder) or by
calculation.
To prevent the possibility of external corrosion, a non-moisture retaining hard rubber
or equivalent material shall be provided on the inner side of the container support
structure and upper securing bands. Similar protection shall be provided if the
container(s) rests against other metal objects.
(f) Screwed fasteners or clamping devices shall either be inherently resistant to loosening
or be locked or pinned after tightening.
4.6.3 Multiple containers
For installations with more than one container mounted together to a common bracket or
structure with a combined water capacity exceeding 150 L, a specific design shall be
required for the mounting attachments. The design shall have certification by a professional
engineer.
A common container mounting bracket or structure must provide adequate rollover
protection. The structure shall be not less than the upper most height of the container.
NOTE: The engineering certification of the container mounting structure (gantry) should include
a consideration for all roll over protection as shown in Figure 4.1.
TABLE 4.1
ATTACHMENT DESIGN FACTOR
Acceleration Gross vehicle mass ≤3.5 t Gross vehicle mass >3.5 t
direction
Longitudinal 20.0g 10.0g
Lateral 8.0g 5.0g
Vertical 4.5g 4.5g
NOTE: g is the gravitational acceleration.
4.7 CONTAINER LOCATION AND GROUND CLEARANCES

A container shall be located in accordance with the following requirements:
(a) The vehicle mass for determining ground clearances shall be the unladen mass,
including permanent non-standard attachments to the vehicle, and with all fuel, water,
and oil containers full.
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(b) A container shall not protrude outside the extremity of the body work line to the front
or sides of the vehicle. Vehicle panels shall not be reshaped in order to comply with
this requirement.
(c) A container shall not be mounted outside the body contour behind the vehicle without
specific approval of the mounting, the location and the protection.
(d) A container shall be located so that its fittings are at least 100 mm inside the outer
body skin or tray of the vehicle.
(e) No part of the container shall protrude beyond the sides of any vehicle. Containers
shall not be mounted ahead of the front axle or beyond the rear bumper.
(f) The container mounting structure shall be not lower than the highest point of the
container (see Figure 4.1).
(g) Containers shall be installed minimum 200 mm above ground level and where
practical, provide as much road clearance as possible.
FIGURE 4.1 CONTAINERS MOUNTED ON A COMMON BRACKET OR STRUCTURE
4.8 PROTECTION OF CONTAINER

A container, together with its associated attachments, shall be located and protected so that
the possibility of damage from impact, accident, or loose objects is minimized. The
following specific requirements shall apply:
(a) Each container shall be located in a position, or provided with protection, such that
damage in the course of normal vehicle usage is minimized. In particular—
(i) locations vulnerable to impact by objects thrown by tyres shall be avoided; and
(ii) damage due to impact by objects being handled by or carried by the vehicle
shall be prevented.
(b) Provision shall be made to protect a container from damage in the event of failure of
the vehicle’s tailshaft if the container is less than 200 mm from the tailshaft.
(c) Engine exhaust outlets shall be directed away from the container.
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(d) If the container is mounted to the chassis rails, then the valves shall be mounted
towards the rear.
4.9 CONTAINERS MOUNTED IN THE INTERIOR OF VEHICLES

Containers mounted in the interior of vehicles in an enclosure, shall not be mounted in the
driver or passenger compartment. Containers shall be installed so that any fuel released
from the containers shall be vented to the outside of the vehicle. Any enclosure shall not
contain any sources of ignition capable of igniting natural gas. This shall be permitted to be
accomplished as follows:
(a) By locating the container in an enclosure that is mounted securely to the vehicle, and
ensuring it is gastight with respect to the driver or passenger compartment, and is
vented to the outside of the vehicle.
(b) By enclosing the container and connections in a structure that is mounted securely on
the container, and ensuring it is gastight with respect to the driver or passenger
compartment, and is vented to the outside of the vehicle.
Containers shall be installed and fitted so that no gas from fuelling operations can be
released inside the passenger compartment. The fuelling receptacle shall be permanently
installed outside the passenger compartment of the vehicle in a location protected from
physical damage and dislodgement.
Enclosures, structures, seals and conduits used to vent enclosures shall be fabricated of
materials designed to resist damage, blockage, or dislodgment caused by the movement of
articles carried in the vehicle or by the closing of luggage compartment enclosures or
vehicle doors and shall require the use of tools for removal.
Where a container is installed in an enclosed compartment, a continuously monitoring
natural gas detection system shall be installed within the compartment. It shall sound an
alarm and visually indicate within the vehicle when a gas concentration of not more than 20
percent of the natural gas lower flammability limit is present.
4.10 VAPORIZERS
Vaporizers shall have the capacity to vaporize completely the LNG and heat the vapour to
the safe design temperature of the downstream components prior to entry of the vapour into
the pressure regulator when the vaporizer is subjected to the maximum vehicular fuel flow
rate.
Vaporizers shall be marked permanently at a readily visible point to indicate the maximum
allowable working pressure of the fuel-containing portion of the vaporizer.
Vaporizers shall be designed for a working pressure at least equal to the maximum
discharge pressure of the pressurized system that supplies them.
The discharge valve of each vaporizer, if provided, its piping components, the relief valves
installed upstream of the discharge valve, the vaporizing piping, and related components
shall be suitable for operation at an LNG temperature of −162°C.
Engine exhaust gases shall not be used as a direct source of heat to vaporize fuel. If the
engine exhaust is used, it shall be used via an indirect heating system.
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SECT ION 5 CNG AND L N G FUE L SERV ICE

L I N E S AND MATER I A LS
5.1 APPLICATION
This Section addresses the requirements for fuel service lines and associated fittings.
The requirements for fuel lines are as follows
(a) for pressure exceeding 450 kPa, Clauses 5.3 to 5.8
(b) for pressure less than 100 kPa, Clause 5.9
(c) for pressures between 100 kPa, and 450 kPa Clause 5.10.
5.2 MATERIALS
All metallic materials shall have a minimum melting point of 800°C.
The use of dissimilar metal junctions shall be minimized. If such a junction cannot be
avoided, good corrosion protection practice shall be employed to reduce the effect of such a
materials combination on the long term corrosion behaviour of the junction.
All materials shall be selected or installed to minimize corrosion or to protect the material
from corrosion. Stainless steels that do not resist chloride-induced pitting/corrosion
cracking and sensitisation-induced corrosion resistance reduction shall not be used. The use
of all copper-zinc and copper-tin alloy families shall be restricted to those alloys that are
metallurgically inhibited to prevent accelerated metallurgical deterioration from external
environmental sources.
Brazing filler material shall be a melting point exceeding 538°C.
Oxy-fuel gas welding shall not be permitted.
Furnace butt-welded steel products shall not be used.
5.3 RIGID PIPING

5.3.1 General
Fuel supply piping that is subject to container pressure shall be rigid metallic material
complying with the following as applicable:
(a) For LNG, seamless stainless steel tubing complying with ASTM A269 or other
approved materials.
(b) For CNG, ASTM A269, ISO 15500-16, ISO 15500-20 or ECE R110 or other
approved materials.
The materials used in LNG applications shall be suitable for the range of low temperatures
encountered.
5.3.2 Design
The design of pipework shall comply with AS 4041 and with the following qualifications:
(a) The design pressure shall be not less than the greater of—
(i) the design pressure of the container; and
(ii) the operating pressure of the pressure relief device.
(b) Pipework shall be designed to allow for expansion, contraction, flexing and vibration.
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5.4 FLEXIBLE PIPING

Flexible piping and hose shall be specifically suitable for the pressure, temperature and
flexing conditions of the application and comply with AG 807, ISO 15500-17 or ECE R110,
and shall be protected against external damage from impact and abrasion during normal
operation.
5.5 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

Joints and connections for components and piping which are subjected to CNG fuel
pressure system or LNG fuel system pressure shall be one of the following:
(a) For copper-brazed steel tubing, a double-wall 90-degree flare connection in
accordance with AS D26 or SAE J533.
(b) Screwed joints, provided that, when the thread is used as a seal, only taper-to-taper
threads shall be used.
(c) Ground faced unions in accordance with SAE J1453.
(d) Welded joints, provided that such joints are limited to the factory assembly of
components.
(e) Other approved fittings.
5.6 PIPING INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION

Fuel supply piping shall be installed in accordance with the following requirements:
(a) All piping shall follow the shortest practical route consistent with essential flexibility.
For articulated vehicles that do not require uncoupling, e.g. articulated buses, a
flexible hose suitable for all operating conditions shall be installed at the point of
articulation to prevent unnecessary strain on the piping during operation.
(b) The vehicle body shall be used as protection from chance impact or collision.
Where piping is below the vehicle body shell, it shall be shielded by structural
members of the chassis or underframe, or be otherwise adequately protected from
impact or abrasion.
(c) Use of the drive shaft tunnel for fuel line location is not desirable or recommended. If
such routing is the only possible practicable method of installation, the fuel line shall
be positioned along the lower corner of the tunnel with the underside of the fuel line
not more than 15 mm above the intersection with the floor plan. The fuel line shall
follow this route for the shortest distance possible. The fuel line shall have a
minimum clearance of 40 mm with the drive shaft under all operating conditions.
This method is not applicable to vehicles where the open drive shaft passes through
an enclosed tunnel.
(d) Piping likely to be subject to corrosion shall be effectively protected throughout its
exposed length, particular attention being given to the possibility of any road or
battery corrosion.
(e) Piping shall be effectively secured to the chassis or body at intervals not exceeding
600 mm, and at supports and points of passage through panels. Metal to metal contact
shall be prevented by resilient sleeves, grommets and the like.
(f) Piping shall meet the heat shielding requirements of Clause 3.18.
(g) The number of pipe joints shall be the minimum consistent with practicality of
installation.
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5.7 PIPING OR FITTINGS IN ENCLOSED SPACES

Piping or fittings that are located in enclosed spaces shall comply with the following
requirements:
(a) Any gas piping inside the part of any vehicle occupied by the driver or passengers
shall be within a separate sealed and vented enclosure or conduit.
(b) Pipe joints shall be accessible.
5.8 CNG TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS

The fuel supply line between containers and the engine shall not pass between a towed
trailer and the towing vehicle unless the following conditions are met:
(a) The following components shall be installed:
(i) A readily accessible quick acting quarter turn isolation valve installed at the
rear of the towing vehicle near the towing point.
(ii) A breakaway coupling meeting the requirements of Clause 5.11 installed as
close as possible to the above isolation valve.
(iii) A flexible piping fuel line(s) meeting the requirements of Clause 5.4 and
installed between the towed trailer and the breakaway coupling so arranged that
the free movement of the flexible piping is the minimum required to
accommodate all possible movement between the towing vehicle and trailer
with the towing coupling engaged.
NOTE: It may be preferable to have a short flexible piping between components
identified in Items (i) and (ii).
(iv) A readily accessible quick acting valve shall be attached to the towed trailer.
This valve shall have the means of depressurising the flexible piping for ease of
disconnection.
(v) All pipework and components on either side of the above components shall be
installed in accordance with this Standard.
(b) Near the depressurizing valve specified in Item (a)(iv), a permanent label shall be
provided reading ‘Manual Vent Valve’ and indicating the operation and function of
the valve.
This valve and the isolation valve specified in Item (a)(i) shall be operated before
disconnection of the coupling thus depressurizing the flexible piping.
(c) A plate shall be permanently attached to the towed vehicle, near the coupling, with
the following words:
DANGER
Release line pressure prior to uncoupling
No source of ignition to be within 6 metres
5.9 FUEL HOSE FOR PRESSURE NOT EXCEEDING 100 kPa

All NG fuel hoses for service at pressure of 100 kPa or less shall comply with the Class B
or Class D requirement of AS/NZS 1869, whichever is appropriate.
Low pressure hoses shall be of sufficient length and flexibility to accommodate engine
movement.
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5.10 NG GAS FUEL PIPING FOR PRESSURE NOT EXCEEDING 450 kPa
Joint and connections for NG fuel hose for vapour pressure not exceeding 450 kPa shall be
suitable for use with NG and capable of sustaining five times the maximum pressure likely
to be encountered in service and shall comply with Clause 5.5. All NG fuel hose for vapour
pressures between 100 kPa and 450 kPa shall meet requirements of ECE R67, Class 2 Hose.
Low pressure hose shall be of sufficient length and flexibility to accommodate engine
movement.
5.11 CNG BREAKAWAY COUPLINGS

Each CNG breakaway coupling shall be designed in accordance with the following
requirements:
(a) The axial force required to separate the coupling shall be:
(i) Less than 600 N for hoses of nominal bore below 12.5 mm.
(ii) Less than 800 N for hoses of nominal bore of 12.5 mm or greater.
(b) The coupling shall retain the gas within both sections of the hose after separation.
(c) The coupling shall be located to ensure that the breakaway force is applied axially.
The coupling should be capable of being reassembled after separation, preferably without
the use of special tools or the replacement of parts.
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SECT ION 6 FUE L CON TRO L EQ U I P M ENT
6.1 APPLICATION
This Section addresses the requirements for the fuel control equipment and engine
management systems.
The NG fuel control equipment includes all the equipment necessary to convert NG at high
pressure at the service line or the conversion of LNG to natural gas vapour for supply to the
engine, and comprises the following components:
(a) Gas pressure regulator.
(b) Fuel selector, if a dual fuel or bi-fuel system is employed.
(c) Fuel metering system.
(d) Heat exchanger (vaporizer unit (LNG only)).
(e) Inline fuel filter (LNG only).
The material, strength, durability and suitability requirements for components are provided
in Section 2 of this Standard.
The components specified in this Clause may be combined into multifunction units (see
Clause 2.1).
6.2 FUEL METERING SYSTEM

The fuel metering system shall be securely mounted, and when remotely located, shall be
suitably bracketed to support its own weight and applied working forces including
vibrations.
There shall be no air filter element fitted down-stream of the gas air mixer.
NOTE: Some carburettors are not suitable for use with CNG. Reference should be made to the
vehicle manufacturer for recommendation and advice on this matter.
6.3 FUEL SELECTOR

6.3.1 General
Where alternative fuels are available but are not intended to be in use simultaneously, the
selector shall prevent the supply of more than one fuel at the one time.
6.3.2 Optional fuel type
6.3.2.1 Shut-off device
A shut-off device shall be installed in the optional fuel system. This device shall shut off
the optional fuel supply to the engine when this fuel is not required. Where the optional fuel
system is fitted with a petrol carburettor, the shut-off device shall be installed between the
fuel pump and the carburettor.
Where the shut-off device is mounted remotely from the engine, flexible hose shall be used
of sufficient length to accommodate engine movement. In all cases the device shall be
mounted in a position reasonably protected from damage in a collision and shall be as far as
practicable from high tension electrical equipment. When flexible hose is used the shut-off
device shall be securely mounted.
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Where flexible hose is used for petrol lines as part of the installation, the hose shall be a
purpose-made reinforced hose (SAE J30 specification R6, R7 or R8 or equivalent) and shall
be rated for external temperatures of up to 100°C. Metal pipework shall be prepared to
accept the flexible hose by belling or flaring of the pipe end and the hose shall be positively
retained on the pipe by suitable hose clamps. Care shall be taken to ensure that the pipe end
does not have sharp edges, which may cut the hose. The hose shall be routed well away
from sources of heat (such as the exhaust system or engine block) or protected by suitable
shielding.
6.3.2.2 Fuel selection control
For vehicles other than those fitted with electronic fuel injection, a fuel selection control
shall be provided which shall have at least three positions, clearly marked for the selection
of each of the two fuels. The selection control shall be placed within easy reach of the
driver or operator. For vehicles fitted with electronic fuel injection a two-position switch is
acceptable.
6.4 PETROL OR DIESEL SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS

Where it is necessary to modify a petrol or diesel fuel supply system, the modification shall
be such that the safety of the petrol or diesel system is not diminished. Piping, hose, seals,
and connections shall be suitable for petrol or diesel service, and shall be sufficiently
durable and leak-free for the purpose.
An optional fuel system shall incorporate provisions to prevent possible deterioration to the
petrol or diesel fuel system as a result of sustained operation on NG. Such measures shall
be as recommended by the original vehicle manufacturer.
Petrol or diesel hoses shall meet either the original vehicle manufacturer’s specifications or
SAE J30 specification R6, R7 or R8 or equivalent.
6.5 ELECTRICAL WIRING

All wiring shall be properly installed, taped, clipped or contained in a loom along its length.
Wiring cables shall comply with the requirements applicable to the original vehicle in
respect of the conductor cross-sectional area (determined by current flow) and insulation
(determined by temperature).
The electrical circuit shall be provided with a current limiting device. This equipment or
fuse shall be dedicated to the alternative fuel system.
NOTE: Where fuses are used they should be sized to—
(a) not fuse at 110% of rated current of the circuit;
(b) fuse within 60 seconds at 135% of rated current of the circuit; and
(c) fuse within 15 seconds at 150% of rated current of the circuit.
A circuit breaker meeting these requirements is acceptable.
Connectors and terminals shall have effectively crimpled or soldered joints and shall be
insulated to prevent accidental earthing during operations or routine servicing.
6.6 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The performance requirements for the engine management system are provided in
Clause 1.8.
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SECT ION 7 I N SPECT I ON, TEST I N G AND

COMM ISS I O N I NG
7.1 APPLICATION
An NG fuel installation in a vehicle shall comply with the associated requirements specified
in this Section. The order in which this Section is arranged should not be taken to imply
that any particular sequence is mandatory. However, any leakage test shall be invalidated if
the joint tested is subsequently dismantled, and another leak test is necessary.
The principal tests undertaken comprise—
(a) installation test; and
(b) periodic inspection and test comprising—
(i) routine system check; and
(ii) container inspection by authorized test station or pressure vessel inspector.
NOTE: This Section deals only with the testing of the complete installation and certain sub-
assemblies. It is taken that any testing of individual components which may be necessary to
establish suitability and individual quality has already been conducted as a component approval
and control matter. The aim is to test the integrity of the various assembly joints and connections,
and to test the functioning of certain control components.
7.2 USED EQUIPMENT

Where previously used equipment is being reinstalled or transferred to another vehicle, the
testing and commissioning procedures of this Section shall apply as if it were an installation
of new equipment.
7.3 MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS

A modification or repair to an installation shall be inspected and tested in accordance with
this Section, and shall comply with the relevant requirements herein.
7.4 PRECAUTIONS
Where testing procedures require the handling of NG or equipment containing NG and may
result in the release of NG the following requirements shall apply:
(a) The earth lead of the vehicle battery shall be disconnected and stowed safely or an
electrical isolator switch closed.
NOTE: The lead will need to be reconnected for certain tests involving electrically operated
components.
(b) The working areas and procedures shall comply with AS 2746 or New Zealand
Transport Agency, Vehicle Inspection Requirements Manual Alternative Fuel System
Certification, Section 5, Inspection premises and equipment.
NOTE: In addition, in New Zealand reference should be made to the appropriate sections of
the Health and Safety in Employment Act, the Resource Management Act and the Building
Code.
(c) When the container is being filled, the normal precautions applicable to refuelling
areas shall apply, e.g. no smoking and no ignition sources within the defined
hazardous area, ignition off, brake or parking provisions engaged.
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7.5 INSPECTION
Prior to testing and commissioning an initial inspection of the NG system and components
shall be carried out by, or if permitted under the supervision of, an authorized person, who
shall also carry out a complete examination to ensure that the installation complies with all
relevant Sections of this Standard.
7.6 LEAK DETECTION

The method of detecting leaks shall be one of those described in Appendix D as
appropriate. All leaks found shall be rectified and retested, or the item under test shall be
rejected.
7.7 CONTAINERS
7.7.1 CNG
A certificated gas cylinder test station shall conduct an external examination and certify
containers prior to first use.
NOTE: MP 48 gives a list of certificated gas cylinder test stations in Australia.
7.7.2 LNG
7.7.2.1 General
Containers shall be inspected, tested and certified in accordance with AS 2337.1. This shall
only be carried out following preparation of the container by authorised LNG service
personnel. The inspection shall at least be a visual external inspection and shall be at a
period not exceeding 5 years. The pressure relief devices shall be replaced at a period not
exceeding 10 years. Unless qualified, test station personnel shall only undertake inspection
and certification. All maintenance functions shall only be carried out by authorized LNG
service personnel.
7.7.2.2 Inspection
The inspection shall be as follows:
(a) The external surface of the container shall be visually inspected for defects (see
Table 7.1). Particular attention shall be paid to the areas at which supports or
restraining straps contact the container.
(b) Container stampings shall be examined to confirm that it has not been stamped as
having failed a previous inspection.
(c) Verify that the pressure relief device date does not exceed 10 years.
NOTE: To ensure the internal atmosphere of the container is not contaminated and to avoid the
ingress of moisture, it is recommended that the container retains positive pressure.
7.7.2.3 Test report
The test station shall issue a test report in accordance with AS 2337.1 to the container
owner for each container tested.
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TABLE 7.1
DEFECTS—DEFINITIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Defect Definition/Illustration Limitations
Dent Condemn where—
Average dia. B the depth of the dent exceeds 20%
of the average dent diameter
x
Ø D
Weld
(if applicable)
Area of dent
Max allowable A = 0.1 x B

or max B = 0.25 x D
or if at weld max A = 10 mm
Dig/Gouge Condemn where the length of the
Original dig/gouge exceeds 100 mm or the
wall thickness C depth exceeds 25% of the original
container wall thickness
100 mm max.
Max. allowable A = 0.25 x C

Burns A localized heat-affected region of the cylinder wall Where surface damage is evident,
the container shall be condemned
Fire and heat Any damage resulting from fire or excessive or unusual Condemn and dispose
damage application of heat
7.8 INSTALLATION TEST

7.8.1 General
The procedures of this Clause shall be applied after the container subassembly has passed
the test of Clause 7.7 and has been installed in the vehicle.
7.8.2 Sealing of compartment and sub-compartment
After the installation of pipework, and the like, any compartment and sub-compartment
shall be tested for leakage by blowing tracer gas into the compartment or sub-compartment
and testing the surrounding atmosphere for gas leakage with a gas detector.
Should the compartment or sub-compartment fail the above tests, corrective action shall be
taken and the tests repeated until the test requirements are complied with.
NOTE: It may be permissible to check a compartment before installation of the fuel system,
provided that nothing in the subsequent installation procedure will negate the validity of the test.
7.8.3 Leak testing of gas system
The NG system shall be tested for leaks as follows, after all connections have been made:
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(a) Fill the container with NG to the maximum filling pressure.

NOTE: For CNG, the refuelling system will stop filling once the maximum fill pressure is
achieved. For LNG, the refuelling system will stop either by reaching a maximum fill
pressure or when a flow detector senses a low flow condition.
(b) Check each connection, joint or seal for leakage.
(c) Where a leak is indicated, the fault shall be rectified by first relieving any pressure,
then resealing, and the area shall be retested.
7.8.4 Test of fuel changeover system
A test shall be made to ensure that the fuel selector is functioning correctly. Where the
system permits, the vehicle shall be operated on each fuel, and changed over several times.
7.8.5 Test of automatic full shut-off device (AFSOD) operation
Where the system permits, deactivate AFSOD by isolating the power supply, and run the
engine until the fuel service line is empty and the engine stops.
7.8.6 Water system tests
The water-circulation system that supplies radiator water to the gas pressure regulator shall
be pressure tested for leaks, using a conventional radiator pressure testing method.
7.8.7 Visual inspection
The completed installation shall be subjected to a final inspection to ensure that—
(a) the refuelling connection dust cap is present and captive;
(b) necessary heat shields are fitted;
(c) all vehicle markings are in place and correct (see Section 8); and
(d) ground clearances are correct.
7.9 PERIODIC INSPECTION

7.9.1 General
An installation shall be re-examined from time to time during its life to ensure that it has
not deteriorated to an unacceptable degree. Further, containers are required by regulations
to be certified before they can be put into service, and this certification has a finite life, at
the end of which the certification must be renewed. Renewal is conditional on a re-
examination for deterioration.
Clause 7.9 deals only with the procedures and checks which are routinely applied to check
the whole system. For a specific check of a fuel CNG container that may require
recertification, reference shall be made to AS 2337.1, AS 2337.3 or ISO 19078 as
appropriate.
For recertification of an LNG container, reference shall be made to the manufacturer of that
container or the requirements of Clause 7.7.2.
Clause 7.9 does not deal with normal day-to-day running adjustments, e.g. tuning.
Implementation and enforcement is the responsibility of statutory authorities, and because
of differences of detail from place to place it is not possible to give a complete description
of national procedures. However, this Section is based on a fairly common arrangement that
uses the ‘roadworthy’ system to locate vehicles and place them into a checking procedure.
The checking procedures are based on the following presumptions:
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(a) If at any time after initial installation an NG fuel installation is found to be

unsatisfactory to the extent that it is potentially or actually hazardous, it will be
considered that the vehicle has become unroadworthy, and the established procedure
for testing an unroadworthy vehicle is applied to ensure rectification. Minor operating
faults such as engine, an out-of-tune condition are not considered to be in this class of
fault.
(b) Discovery of the condition might arise from an owner’s observation or from a random
check, but a scheduled check at set intervals is considered necessary in case a
deteriorating condition goes unnoticed.
(c) Two levels of inspection procedure exist. The first, is an on-vehicle inspection of the
overall installation. This may be done at any time it is considered necessary, but is
basically designed as a scheduled routine check to enable reissue of a roadworthy
pass. It is within the scope of activity of an installation workshop.
The second level of inspection involves the container in greater detail, and takes place
at scheduled longer intervals, or may be applied when damage has been discovered.
In some circumstances this may be done on the vehicle, in others the container may
need to be removed if it is to be inspected thoroughly. For CNG containers,
inspection shall be made by a certificated gas test station, licensed under the terms of
AS 2337.1 and AS 2337.3 and following the procedures of those Standards or
ISO 19078 as appropriate. For LNG containers, reference shall be made to its
manufacturing standard or the requirements of Clause 7.7.2.
7.9.2 System check
The following checks shall be carried out at every roadworthiness inspection for the
renewal of vehicle registration, or as otherwise specified by the Authority:
(a) Leakage check
Apply the procedure of Clause 7.8.3.
(b) CNG container identity check
Inspect the containers to confirm that—
(i) the serial numbers on the refuelling information plate are the same as those of
the installed containers; and
(ii) the containers have not been tampered with or modified. This may require
reference to the design information/drawing provided by the container
manufacturing certificate.
(c) Container life
Containers made to CSA B51 Part 2, ANSI NGV2, ISO 11439 or ECE R110 have a
specified service life. For these containers, check their life expiry date. If that date
has passed, the container shall be removed from service and disposed of in
accordance with AS 2337.1 for metal containers or AS 2337.3 for composite
containers.
(d) Container recertification date
If the next re-certification date has passed, initiate procedures for re-certification in
accordance with the requirements of the appropriate inspection and certification
authority. That next re-certification date shall be determined in one of the following
ways:
(i) For metal cylinders: the next recertification date is based on the stamped date of
last re-certification and the inspection interval specified by the relevant
cylinder standard.
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(ii) For composite cylinders: cylinders that have been re-certified shall have a disc
containing the next date of re-certification in accordance with AS 2337.3.
(e) Container corrosion and damage
Check to ensure that the container and its mountings, pipework, compartments or sub-
compartments and any fitted protection, such as heat shields, have not suffered impact
damage, corrosion or heating by fire or loss of integrity due to fatigue.
(f) Container attachment
Check for the following:
(i) Rust, corrosion, abrasion, or impact damage.
(ii) Tightness and locking of nuts, evidence of necking of bolts, loose bands, wear
under bands, and incompatible band materials.
(iii) Cracks or metal fatigue.
(g) Test of automatic fuel shut-off device
Check that the automatic fuel shut-off device is functioning correctly in accordance
with Clause 7.8.5.
(h) Manual valves
Open and close all manual valves and test around glands and connections for leaks in
both positions.
(i) Compartment or sub-compartment
Check for structural damage. Check around all joints, conduit connections and pipe
bulkhead seals for leakage. Check conduits for deterioration, damage, or kinking.
(j) Refuelling connection
Check for damage to the refuelling connection and for the presence of foreign matter,
and check that the dust plug/cap is present and attached correctly.
(k) Refuelling interlock device
Where fitted, check for correct operation.
(l) Flexible piping, hose
Inspect any flexible piping or hose for kinks, damage or abrasion to the cover.
Condemn if any defect is found or whenever a vehicle cylinder is due for re-
certification.
(m) Ground clearances
Check to ensure that the ground clearance still complies with this Standard.
(n) Vehicles identification
Check that the ‘CNG’ or ‘LNG’ identification labels (see Clause 8.4.1) are present
and in accordance with Clause 8.4.1.
NOTE: It is recommended that these checks be carried out at least annually as good
maintenance practices.
7.10 NON-RETURN VALVE TEST

The function of each non-return valve shall be tested by pressurizing the valve and testing
for leaks.
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AS/NZS 2739:2009 42
SECT ION 8 CERT I F I C AT I ON, COM P L I ANCE

P L ATE, MAR K I NGS AND L A BE L S
8.1 APPLICATION
The requirements of this Section shall be complied with prior to the vehicle being released
to the customer.
8.2 CERTIFICATION
On completion of an aftermarket installation, the installer shall supply the owner with a
certificate of compliance with this Standard, which will also give an installation date,
installer’s name and licence number and the container(s) serial number(s). The certificate
may be incorporated in a receipt, or may be a specific document and will include a
certificate of compliance number.
NOTE: Any statutory regulations on certification procedures that differ from this requirement
will take precedence.
8.3 COMPLIANCE PLATE

An NG compliance plate shall be securely attached to the vehicle body work in the engine
bay in a clearly visible location. The compliance plate shall take the form shown in
Figure 8.1 and all nominated information shall be provided by the installer.
NOTE: For under-bonnet refuelling, the compliance plate and the refuelling information plate
may be combined into one plate.
NOTE: Any statutory regulations regarding compliance procedures that differ from this requirement will take
precedence.
FIGURE 8.1 CNG COMPLIANCE PLATE
8.4 LABELS AND MARKINGS

8.4.1 Vehicle identification—Australia only
8.4.1.1 General
In Australia—to indicate that a vehicle is equipped to use NG as a fuel, it shall carry
permanently attached to the front and rear registration plates, an approved, external metal
plate not less than 1 mm thick affixed with a label complying at least with the requirements
set out in Clauses 8.4.1.2 and 8.4.1.3.
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43 AS/NZS 2739:2009
Where a vehicle is fitted with more than one container, the vehicle shall carry an additional
plate and label on each registration plate.
8.4.1.2 CNG
For vehicles fuelled with CNG:
(a) The plate and label size shall be a circle not less than 35 mm diameter.
(b) The label colour shall be retroreflective red, complying with AS/NZS 1906.1, Class 2.
(c) The label shall have only the letters ‘CNG’ in white at least 10 mm in height.
8.4.1.3 LNG
For vehicles fuelled with LNG:
(a) The plate and label size shall be a circle not less than 35 mm diameter.
(b) The label colour shall be retroreflective Standard green, complying with
AS/NZS 1906.1, Class 2.
(c) The label shall have only letters 'LNG' in white at least 10 mm in height.
8.4.2 Vehicle identification—New Zealand only
In New Zealand—to indicate that a vehicle is equipped to use CNG as a fuel, it shall have
affixed as close as possible to the registration/number a plate and label complying at least
with the following requirements:
(a) The plate and label size shall be 35 mm diameter circle.
(b) The label colour shall be retroreflective red, complying with AS/NZS 1906.1, Class 2.
(c) The label shall have only the letters ‘CNG’ in white at least 10 mm in height.
8.4.3 Refuelling information plate
A refuelling information plate in accordance with Clause 3.8 shall be fitted.
8.4.4 Selector
The fuel selector shall be marked to indicate which fuel has been selected. Any written
marking shall be in the English language.
8.5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

The installer shall leave with the vehicle a set of operating instructions which shall include
amongst other things the following:
(a) Refuelling procedures and precautions.
(b) Operation of fuel selector.
(c) Procedures to follow in the event of various faults or emergency situations.
(d) Proper care and maintenance for containers and particularly advice that it is the
owner’s responsibility to maintain the container within test date.
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AS/NZS 2739:2009 44
APPENDIX A
LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
(Normative)
AS
1210 Pressure vessels
2337 Gas cylinder test stations
2337.1 Part 1: General requirements, inspections and tests—Gas cylinders
2337.3 Part 3: Transportable gas cylinders—Periodic inspection and testing of
composite gas cylinders (ISO 11623:2002, MOD)
2473 Valves for compressed gas cylinders (series)
2613 Safety devices for gas cylinders
2746 Working areas for gas-fuelled vehicles
4291 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel
4291.1 Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs
4564 Specification for general purpose natural gas
4732 LP Gas fuel systems for marine engines
4838 Gas cylinders—High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural
gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles
4983 Gas fuel systems for forklifts and industrial engines
D26 Tube fittings with Dryseal American standard taper pipe and unified thread
for automotive and industrial use
MP 48 Certificated gas cylinder test stations
AS/NZS
1869 Hose and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gases (LG Gas), natural
gas and town gas
1906 Retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes
1906.1 Part 1: Retroreflective sheeting
ISO
527 Plastics—Determination of tensile properties
527-3 Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets
11439 Gas cylinders—High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural
gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles
14469 Road vehicles—Compressed natural gas (CNG) refuelling connector (series)
15500 Road vehicles—Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components
15500-1 Part 1: General requirements and definitions
15500-2 Part 2: Performance and general test methods
15500-3 Part 3: Check valve
15500-4 Part 4: Manual valve
15500-5 Part 5: Manual cylindrical valve
15500-6 Part 6: Automatic valve
15500-7 Part 7: Gas injector
15500-8 Part 8: Pressure indicator
15500-9 Part 9: Pressure regulator
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15500-10 Part 10: Gas-flow adjuster

15500-11 Part 11: Gas/air mixer
15500-12 Part 12: Pressure relief valve (PRV)
15500-13 Part 13: Pressure relief device (PRD)
15500-14 Part 14: Excess flow valve
15000-15 Part 15: Gas-tight housing and ventilation hose
15500-16 Part 16: Rigid fuel line
15500-17 Part 17: Flexible fuel line
15500-18 Part 18: Filter
15500-19 Part 19: Fittings
15500-20 Part 20: Rigid fuel line in material other than stainless steel
19078 Gas cylinders—Inspection of the cylinder installation, and requalification of
high pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for
automotive vehicles
ADR Australian Design Rules*
30/01 Smoke emission control for diesel vehicles
37/01 Emission control for light vehicles
70/00 Exhaust emission control for diesel engined vehicles
80/00 Emission control for heavy vehicles
80/01 Emission control for heavy vehicles
NZ
New Zealand Transport Agency, Vehicle Inspection Requirements Manual Alternative Fuel
System Certification
Health and Safety in Employment Act
Resource Management Act
Building Code
AG
805 Approval requirements for Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) components
807 Approval requirements for Natural Gas Flexible Hose and Hose Assemblies
for pressures above 2.6 MPa
ANSI
AGA NGV3.1 Fuel system components for natural gas powered vehicles
CSA NGV1 Compressed natural gas vehicle (NGV) fuelling connecting devices
NGV2 Basic requirements for compressed natural gas vehicle (NGV) fuel
containers
PRD1 Basic requirements for pressure relief devices for natural gas vehicle fuel
containers
* Copies of all Australian Design Rules (ADRs) can be obtained from ADR subscriptions at
[email protected].
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AS/NZS 2739:2009 46
ASTM
A269 Specification for seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for
general service
BS
2782:Part 3 Methods of testing plastics, Method 360B: Mechanical properties—
Determination of tear resistance of plastics film and sheeting by the trouser
tear method
CSA
B51 Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Pressure Piping Code
Part 2: High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a
fuel for automotive vehicles
SAE Society of Automobile Engineers
J30 Fuel and oil hoses
J369 Flammability of polymeric interior materials—Horizontal test method
J533 Flares for tubing
J1453 Fitting—O-ring face seal
J2343 Recommended practice for LNG medium and heavy-duty powered vehicles
UN
ECE R24/03 Uniform provisions concerning:
I The approval of compression ignition (CI) engines with regard to
the emission of visible pollutants
II The approval of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of
CI engines of an approved type
III The approval of motor vehicles equipped with CI engines with
regard to the emission of visible pollutants by the engine
IV The measurement of power of CI engine.
ECE R67 Uniform provisions concerning:
I Approval of specific equipment of motor vehicles using
liquefied petroleum gases in their propulsion system
II Approval of a vehicle fitted with specific equipment for the use
of liquefied petroleum gases in its propulsion system with regard
to the installation of such equipment
ECE R83/04 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the
emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements.
Incorporating all amendments up to and including the 04 series of
amendment.
ECE R83/05 Uniform provision concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the
emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements.
Incorporating all amendments up to and including the 05 series of
amendment.
ECE R110 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of:
I Specific components of motor vehicles using compressed natural
gas (CNG) in their propulsion system
II Vehicles with regard to the installation of specific components
of an approved type for the use of compressed natural gas (CNG)
in their propulsion system
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Directive 99/96/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 13 December 1999 on

the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate
pollutants from compression ignition engines for use in vehicles,
and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive ignition
engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use
in vehicles and amending council Directive 88/77/EEC.
US EPA 1994 Opacity of smoke emission of the USA Code of Federal
Smoke Standard Regulations. Subpart A 40CFR 86.094-11 Emission standards for
1994 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
NFPA National Fire Protection Association (United States)
NFPA 52 Vehicular Fuel Systems Code
NFPA 57 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicular Fuel Systems Code
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME Section II Materials (Part A/C/D)
ASME Section V Nondestructive Examination
ASME Section VIII Pressure Vessels—Division 1
ASME Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications
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AS/NZS 2739:2009
APPENDIX B
REGULATING AGENCY INFORMATION
(Informative)
The following information is for guidance only and may be subject to change:
Country, state or territory Vehicle installation regulator Vehicle registration Installer licensing Work-area licensing
ACT Manager, Vehicle Inspection & Manager, Vehicle Inspection & Plumbers Drainers and Gas- —
Technical Units Technical Units Fitters Board of the ACT
Road User Services Road User Services Dept of Urban Services
Department of Urban Services Department of Urban Services 16 Challis Street
13-15 Challis Street 13-15 Challis Street DICKSON ACT 2602
DICKSON ACT 2602 DICKSON ACT 2602
FEDERAL Administrator of Motor Vehicle — — —
(new vehicles) Standards
Department of Transport and
48
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Regional Services
GPO Box 594
CANBERRA ACT 2602
NSW — Manager, Automotive Engineering Motor Vehicle Repair Industry Authority
Operations 239 Great North Road
Vehicle Standards Section FIVE DOCK NSW 2046
Roads & Traffic Authority
260 Elizabeth St
SURRY HILLS NSW 2010
NT Chief Inspector of Dangerous Manager Chief Inspector of Dangerous —
Goods Motor Vehicle Registry Goods
Dept of Industries & Business Department of Transport Dept of Industries & Business
Work Health Authority DARWIN NT 0800 Work Health Authority
DARWIN NT 0800 DARWIN NT 0800
Country, state or territory Vehicle installation regulator Vehicle registration Installer licensing Work-area licensing
QLD Chief Inspector Petroleum & Gas Manager, Motor Vehicle Chief Inspector Petroleum & Gas —
Operations Registration Branch Operations
Department of Mines and Energy Queensland Department of Department of Mines and Energy
41 George Street Transport 41 George Street
BRISBANE QLD 4000 BRISBANE QLD 4000 BRISBANE QLD 4000
PO Box 2454 PO Box 2454
BRISBANE QLD 4001 BRISBANE QLD 4001
SA Manager, Dangerous Substances Manager, Driver and Vehicle Manager, Dangerous Substances —
Unit Licensing Unit
Safework SA Department for Transport Energy Safework SA
Department of the Premier and and Infrastructure Department of the Premier and
Cabinet 33 Warwick Street Cabinet
GPO Box 465 WALKERVILLE SA 5081 GPO Box 465
ADELAIDE SA 5000 ADELAIDE SA 5000
TAS Manager Registrar of Motor Vehicles Manager
Chemical Safety Section Industry Department of Transport Chemical Safety Section
Safety & Mines GPO Box 936J Industry Safety & Mines
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30 Gordons Hill Rd HOBART TAS 7001 30 Gordons Hill Road

ROSNEY PARK TAS 7018 ROSNEY PARK TAS 7018
VIC Manager, Dangerous Good Unit Manager, Vehicle Safety Chairman
Worksafe Victoria Road Safety Division Automotive Alternative Fuels Registration Board
GPO Box 4306 VicRoads Level 7, 464 St Kilda Road
MELBOURNE VIC 3001 60 Denmark Street MELBOURNE VIC 3004
KEW VIC 3101
WA Chief Gas Inspector Manager, Technical Section Manager, Regulatory Services —
Gas Inspection Branch Vehicle Safety Energy Safety WA
Energy Safety WA Transport, Licensing Division 303 Sevenoaks Street
303 Sevenoaks Street 2-10 Murray Road CANNINGTON WA 6107
CANNINGTON WA 6107 WELSHPOOL WA 6106
NEW ZEALAND New Zealand Transport Agency New Zealand Transport Agency New Zealand Transport Agency
20 Ballance Street 20 Ballance Street 20 Ballance Street
WELLINGTON NZ WELLINGTON NZ WELLINGTON NZ
AS/NZS 2739:2009
AS/NZS 2739:2009 50
APPENDIX C
NEW ZEALAND CNG REFUELLING CONNECTION AND DUST PLUG
(Normative)
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APPENDIX D
LEAK DETECTION METHODS
(Normative)
D1 SCOPE
This Appendix describes a variety of leak detection methods for natural gas and indicates
advantages or disadvantages that may be significant.
D2 COMBUSTIBLE GAS DETECTORS

Combustible gas detectors are suitable for testing for leaks after fuel gas has been
introduced to the system, and are particularly useful for checking assembly joints after
installation.
Care in interpretation is necessary, as the detectors can respond to the presence of any of
several vapours that are combustible, some of which may not be natural gas, such as oil
smears and jointing compounds. They may also detect residual natural gas vapour that is
present for reasons other than leakage, and which shall be cleared before a valid test for
leakage can be made. If a leak is present, a detector will signal its existence, but not its size,
and will indicate a general location, but may not be able to locate it exactly, so a follow-up
or proving check with foam is often desirable.
The combustible gas detector shall be capable of detecting natural gas in air. Exhaust gas
analysers are not suitable for leak detection.
The system under test is purged to natural gas and all likely leak points are checked.
It is important to keep the sensing element in contact with the surface of the part being
tested, and that the test be carried out under still air conditions.
D3 TRACE GAS DETECTORS

Trace gas detectors are suitable for checking the gastightness of the construction joints in a
compartment or sub-compartment, conduit connections or similar, particularly when it is
impracticable to apply much internal pressure.
The basic method is to plug or blank off openings such as vents, and inject a trace gas under
such pressure as is practicable. The gas used may be any convenient gas for which a
suitable gas detector is obtainable, e.g. carbon dioxide, or the like. The gas detector should
be capable of detecting 25 ppm in air, and should not be of the continuous sample-
aspiration type.
D4 FOAMING AGENTS
Foaming agents are more effective for detection of small leaks; large leaks tend to blow the
solution away from the leak without forming a bubble. Care in applying the solution slowly
with a brush will provide easier detection of large leaks.
The foaming agent should be a proprietary leak test solution, formulated specifically for the
purpose. Fresh solution should be used and the whole of the surface to be tested is coated
and time allowed for bubbles to form. All areas under test should be able to be observed
during the test.
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D5 TOTAL IMMERSION
Total immersion may not always indicate very small leaks, or leaks that may be inhibited by
the head of water. Good illumination and an ability to manipulate the item while submerged
are important. A wetting agent is desirable, provided that foaming does not result.
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APPENDIX E
PROCEDURES FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH EXHAUST
EMISSION STANDARDS (Australia only)
(Normative)
E1 SCOPE AND VEHICLE SELECTION

E1.1 Scope
This Appendix describes the test procedures necessary for demonstrating compliance with
the exhaust emission provisions of Clause 1.8 of this Standard. This Appendix only applies
to the conversion of vehicles covered by the Australian Design Rules (ADRs) specified
below. The applicability dates for these ADRs vary depending on fuel or vehicle type (refer
to Table E1).
The tests described in this Appendix may be carried out using either the test fuel specified
in the relevant ADRs, or a commercial fuel meeting the requirements of the Fuel Quality
Standards Act 2000.
NOTE: Copies of all Australian Design Rules (ADRs) can be obtained from ADR Subscriptions
at [email protected]
TABLE E1
APPLICABILITY DATES FOR ADR79 AND ADR80 TO EACH VEHICLE
CATEGORY
ADR categories Applicability dates for ADRs (See Note 7)
Description GVM Category Applicable 2002/3 2003/4 2005/6 2006/7
ADR (See (Diesel (Petrol (Petrol (Diesel
Notes 1 to 5) vehicles) vehicles) vehicles) vehicles)
t (See Note 6)
Passenger vehicles
Light ≤3.5 MA, MB, MC ADR79/.. ADR79/00 ADR79/00 ADR79/01 ADR79/01
Heavy >3.5 MA, MB, MC ADR80/.. ADR80/00 ADR80/00 ADR80/01 ADR80/01
Buses
Light ≤3.5 MD ADR79/.. ADR79/00 ADR79/00 ADR79/01
>3.5, ≤5 MD ADR80/.. ADR80/00 ADR80/00 ADR80/01
Heavy >5 ME ADR80/.. ADR80/00 ADR80/00 ADR/80/01
Goods vehicles (trucks)
Light ≤3.5 NA ADR79/.. ADR79/00 ADR79/00 ADR79/01 ADR79/01
Medium >3.5, ≤12 NB ADR80/.. ADR80/00 ADR80/00 ADR80/01 ADR80/01
Heavy >12 NC ADR80/00.. ADR80/00 ADR80/00 ADR80/01 ADR80/01
NOTES:
1 ADR79/00, Emission Control for Light Vehicles, adopts the technical requirements of ECE R83/04 which
embodies the Euro 2 Standards for light duty petrol and light duty diesel vehicles.
2 ADR79/01, Emission Control for Light Vehicles, adopts the technical requirements of ECE Regulation
83/05, which embodies the Euro 3 and Euro 4 Standards for light duty petrol and light duty diesel
vehicles. However, the ADR only mandates the Euro 3 (pre 2005) provisions of R83/05 for petrol
vehicles, but allows petrol vehicles optional compliance with Euro 4 Standards.
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3 ADR80/00, Emission Control for Heavy Vehicles, and ADR80/01, Emission Control for Heavy Vehicles,
adopt the technical requirements of the European Council Directive 99/96/EC amending European Council
Directive 88/77/EEC, which embodies the Euro 3 and Euro 4 Standards for medium-heavy duty diesel
vehicles (all buses and trucks above 3.5 tonnes GVM). ADR80/00 reflects the Euro 3 requirements and
ADR80/01 reflects the Euro 4 requirements. The US EPA requirements for heavy duty diesel engines
applicable to Model Year 2000 or later engines are also accepted as an alternative under ADR80/00, with
US 2004 requirements accepted under ADR/80/01.
4 These ADRs (ADRs 79/00, 79/01, 80/00, 80/01) replace ADR37/01 and ADR70/00.
5 The ADRs also apply to vehicles fuelled with NG.
6 A smoke emission ADR (ADR30/01) also applies to all categories of diesel vehicles. The smoke standard
applied from 2002/3 and adopts ECE R24/03 and allows the US EPA 1994 smoke standards as an
alternative. This ADR replaces ADR30/00.
7 The 2-year date combinations refer to the dates applicable to new model vehicles and all model vehicles,
respectively. For example in the case of 2002/03, this means that from 1 January 2002, any new model
first produced with a date of manufacture after 1 January 2002, must comply with the ADR, and from 1
January 2003, all vehicles (regardless of the first production date for the particular model) must comply.
E1.2 Use of certified kits on engine/vehicle variants

E1.2.1 Light vehicles
For vehicles certified to ADR79/00, ADR79/01 and ADR79/02, a kit certified for a
particular vehicle may be used for other vehicles provided the untested vehicle, when
compared to the tested vehicle—
(a) has an engine belonging to the same engine family as the tested vehicle; and
(b) has a test inertia mass value equal to or less than the inertia mass value applied to the
tested vehicle.
For the purposes of Item (a), engines in the same engine family shall be identical with
respect to the following:
(i) Nominal bore centre to centre dimensions.
(ii) Nominal dimension from the centre-line of the camshaft to the centre of the
crankshaft.
(iii) Nominal dimensions from the centre-line of the crankshaft to the cylinder block
headface.
(iv) The number of cylinders, and their configuration capacity.
(v) Nominal location of the intake and exhaust valves and the valve sizes (within a 4 mm
range on the valve head diameter).
(vi) The method of air aspiration (e.g. natural or forced).
(vii) The combustion cycle.
(viii) Catalytic converter specifications.
(ix) Method of fuel intake.
(x) Fuel type for operation of the vehicle.
E1.2.2 Heavy vehicles
For vehicles certified to ADR70/00, ADR80/00 or ADR80/01, a kit certified for a particular
vehicle engine variant may be used for other variants of that engine, provided the engine
family and parent engine criteria in Section 8 of Annex 1 of Appendix A to ADR80/00 are
met.
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E2 ADR79/00 VEHICLES
E2.1 General requirements
ADR79/00 Emission Control for Light Vehicles applies to light passenger and goods
vehicles with a gross vehicle mass not greater than 3.5 tonnes.
Vehicles certified to ADR79/00 shall only be converted to operate on NG by the use of a
certified kit which has been designed for that engine family (refer to Paragraph E1.2.1), and
prior to use, has satisfied the testing requirements of Paragraph E2.2.
E2.2 Testing requirements
E2.2.1 General
The kit shall be fitted to at least one representative vehicle and tested in accordance with
either the ADR79/00 Type I test or the IM240 exhaust emissions test*.
For petrol engine vehicles when the ADR79/00 Type I test is chosen the emissions results
from the converted vehicle shall be less than the relevant ADR emissions limits specified in
Table E2.
E2.2.2 IM240 test procedure for bi-fuel vehicles (part time petrol or NG)
The test shall be conducted as follows:
(a) The converted vehicle shall undergo three hot IM240 tests on NG.
(b) The emissions results in grams per kilometre for CO, HC and NOx for the three (3)
hot IM240 tests on NG shall be averaged.
(c) A hot IM240 test shall be conducted on the original fuel after the tests specified
above in Item (a).
NOTE: A pre-conditioning cycle consisting of one or more IM240 tests on the original fuel
may be conducted after the tests specified in Item (a) and before the test specified in Item (c).
In the case of the IM240 test procedures outlined in Items (a) to (c) above, the emissions
results determined at Item (b) shall be less than the relevant hot IM240 limits in Table E2.
The emission results determined at Item (c) shall be less than the relevant ADR limits in
Table E2.
E2.2.3 IM240 test procedure for mono-fuel vehicles (permanent NG)
For mono-fuel vehicles, the IM240 test procedure above applies apart from the requirement
specified at Item (c) for a test on the original fuel.
E2.2.4 Dual fuel diesel vehicles (part diesel and part NG)
the Type I test requirements specified in ADR79/00. When tested the converted vehicle
shall meet the relevant Type I test emission limits specified in ADR79/00.
All tests specified in Paragraph E2 shall be conducted in a facility which is either NATA
accredited for vehicle emissions testing, or registered with DOTARS under the Road
Vehicle Certification Scheme for vehicle emissions testing, or is otherwise accepted by the
Authority.
* Details of the IM240 test procedure can be found at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/im/r00007.pdf
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TABLE E2
LIGHT DUTY VEHICLE EMISSION LIMITS FOR ADR79/00 VEHICLES
Emissions limits (see Note 3)
Reference mass g/km
ADR vehicle category
(see Note 2) ADR IM240
(see Note 1)
kg
CO HC + NO x CO HC + NO x
MA, MB, MC and MD N/A 2.2 0.5 1.1 0.25
(≤6 seats or GVM ≤2500 kg)
N/A; and ≤1250 2.2 0.5 1.1 0.25
MA, MB, MC and MD >1250, ≤1700 4.0 0.6 2.0 0.3
(>6 seats or GVM >2500 kg) >1700 5.0 0.7 2.5 0.35
NOTES:
1 MA = passenger car, MB = forward control passenger vehicle, MC = off road passenger vehicle,
MD = light bus, GMV = gross vehicle mass.
2 Reference mass is a defined term in ADR79/00 meaning the unladen mass + 100 kg.
3 CO = Carbon monoxide, HC = total hydrocarbons, NO x = oxides of nitrogen.
E2.3 Documentation and installation requirements

Prior to undertaking a conversion, the installer shall obtain documentation from the kit
supplier to demonstrate that the kit has been tested on a vehicle equivalent to that being
converted, and has met the relevant emission limits in Table E2. The documentation shall
also include a comprehensive list of the kit components and detailed installation
instructions, and the installer shall complete the installation in accordance with those
instructions.
NOTE: The term ‘equivalent’ includes the variants meeting the criteria of Paragraph E1.2.1.
vehicles with a gross vehicle mass not greater than 3.5 tonnes. It replaces ADR79/00 from
2005 (refer to Table E1 for applicability dates).
certified kit which has been designed for that engine family (refer to Paragraph E1.2.1), and
prior to use, has satisfied the testing requirements of Paragraph E3.2.
E3.2.1 General
For petrol engine vehicles when the ADR 79/01 Type I test is chosen the emissions results
Table E3.
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E3.2.2 IM240 test for Bi-fuel vehicles (part time petrol or NG)
The test shall be conducted as follows:
(a) The converted vehicle shall undergo three hot IM240 tests on NG.
(b) The emissions results in grams per kilometre for CO, HC and NOx for the three (3)
hot IM240 tests on NG shall be averaged.
(c) A hot IM240 test shall be conducted on the original fuel after the tests specified
above in Item (a).
NOTE: A pre-conditioning cycle consisting of one or more IM240 tests on the original fuel may
be conducted after the tests specified in Item (a) and before the test specified in Item (c).
In the case of the hot IM240 test procedures outlined in Items (a) to (c) above, the
emissions results determined at Item (b) shall be less than the relevant hot IM240 limits in
Table E3. The emission results determined at Item (c) shall be less than the relevant ADR
limits in Table E3.
E3.2.3 IM240 test procedure for Mono-fuel vehicles (permanent NG)
For Mono-fuel vehicles, the IM240 test procedure above applies apart from the requirement
specified at Item (c) for a test on the original fuel.
E3.2.4 Dual fuel diesel vehicles (part diesel and part NG)
the Type I test requirements specified in ADR 79/01. When tested the converted vehicle
shall meet the relevant Type I test emission limits specified in ADR 79/01.
Authority.
TABLE E3
LIGHT DUTY VEHICLE EMISSION TEST LIMITS FOR ADR79/01 VEHICLES
Reference Emissions limits (see Note 3)

ADR vehicle category mass g/km
(see Note 1) (see Note 2) CO HC NO x

kg ADR IM240 ADR IM240 ADR IM240
MA, MB, MC and MD N/A 2.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.08
(GVM ≤2500 kg)
N/A ≤1305 2.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.08
MA, MB, MC and MD >1305, ≤1760 4.17 2.1 0.25 0.13 0.18 0.09
(GVM > 2500 kg) >1760 5.22 2.6 0.29 0.15 0.21 0.11
NOTES:
MD = light bus, GVM = gross vehicle mass.
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instructions.
ADR70/00 Exhaust Emission Control for Diesel Engined Vehicles has applied to all new
diesel vehicles since 1995-6. From 2002, it was replaced by ADR79/00 for light duty
vehicles and ADR80/00 for heavy duty vehicles (refer to Table E1 for applicability dates).
Conversions of vehicles certified to ADR70/00 to operate on NG shall be undertaken using
one of the following methods:
(a) Subject every converted vehicle to a DT80* test before and after conversion (DT80
Method).
(b) Subject the first converted vehicle to the appropriate Composite Urban Emissions
Drive Cycle (CUEDC) test* before and after conversion (CUEDC Method).
(c) Use a certified kit which has been tested in accordance with one of the allowable
emission standards specified in ADR70/00 (ADR70 Method).
E4.2.1 DT80 Method
The test procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Service and tune each vehicle to be converted in accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications on its original fuel type.
(b) Test the vehicle in accordance with the DT80 test, the emissions of CO, HC, NOx and
total mass of particulate matter (PM) are measured, and repeat the test twice.
(c) Convert the vehicle to operate on NG, and retest on NG in accordance with Step (b).
(d) If the vehicle is also capable of functioning on its original fuel type following
conversion, retest on its original fuel type in accordance with Step (b).
The emission results from the tests under Steps (b), (c) and (d) shall be compared, and the
average of the 3 sets of results from Steps (c) and (d) shall be no greater than the average of
the 3 sets of results from Step (b). The results may be compared on either—
(i) an individual basis for each of CO, HC, NOx and PM; or
(ii) the results for HC (HC), NOx and PM may be combined using weighting factors and
the combined weighted results compared (CO emissions may be ignored).
The weighting factors shall be applied as follows:
Weighted emissions (g/km) = (HC × 4.5 + NOx × 4.5 + PM × 20)
In either Item (i) or (ii), the methane component of HC, if measured, may be ignored.
The testing shall be conducted in a facility that is either NATA registered for vehicle
emissions testing, or is otherwise accepted by the Authority.
* Details of the CUEDC tests can be found on the National Environment Protection Council website at
www.nepc.gov.au under diesel vehicle emissions.
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59 AS/NZS 2739:2009
E4.2.2 CUEDC Method

The test procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Service and tune one vehicle, having an engine equivalent to that used in all the
subsequent vehicles to be converted, in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications
on its original fuel type.
(b) Test the vehicle under the appropriate CUEDC test specified for that mass and vehicle
type, the emissions of CO, HC, NOx and total mass of particulate matter (PM) are
recorded, and repeat the test twice.
(c) Convert the vehicle to operate on NG, and retest on NG in accordance with Step (b).
(d) If the vehicle is capable of functioning solely on its original fuel type following
conversion, retest its original fuel type in accordance with Step (b).
The emission results from the tests under Steps (b), (c) and (d) shall be compared, and the
average of the 3 sets of results from Steps (c) and (d) shall be no greater than the average of
the 3 sets of results from Step (b). The results may be compared on either—
(i) an individual basis for each of CO, HC, NOx and PM; or
(ii) the results for HC (HC), NOx and PM may be combined using weighting factors and
the combined weighted results compared (CO emissions may be ignored).
The weighting factors shall be applied as follows:
Weighted Emissions (g/km) = (HC × 4.5 + NOx × 4.5 + PM × 20)
In either Item (i) or (ii), the methane component of HC, if measured, may be ignored.
The testing shall be conducted in a facility which is either NATA registered for vehicle
emissions testing or is otherwise accepted by the Authority.
E4.2.3 ADR70 Method
A conversion kit shall be fitted to at least one representative engine of that model and tested
in accordance with all the tests relevant to diesel fuelled engines specified in one of the
standards nominated in ADR70/00, and meet the emission limits specified for those tests in
ADR70/00.
The testing shall be conducted in a facility which is either NATA registered for vehicle
emissions testing, or is otherwise accepted by the Authority.
E4.3.1 DT80 Method
A record of the test results for each vehicle shall be kept by the installer.
E4.3.2 CUEDC Method
The results from the single test vehicle may be used as the basis for further conversions of
vehicles having an engine equivalent to that used in the single test vehicle, provided that—
(a) the conversion components are identical to those used in the single test vehicle; and
(b) they are installed in the same manner as the single test vehicle.
The person undertaking the testing shall produce documentation to demonstrate that the kit
has been tested on an equivalent engine to that used in any subsequent vehicles being
converted, and has met the requirements of Paragraph E4.2 under the CUEDC method. The
documentation shall also include a comprehensive list of the components used in the
conversion and detailed installation instructions. The installer shall complete any
subsequent installations in accordance with those instructions.
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AS/NZS 2739:2009 60
E4.3.3 ADR70 Method

Prior to undertaking the conversion, the installer shall obtain documentation from the kit
supplier to demonstrate that the kit has been tested on an engine equivalent to that being
converted, and has met the relevant emission limits of one of the standards nominated in
ADR70/00. The documentation shall also include a comprehensive list of the kit
components and detailed installation instructions, and the installer shall complete the
installation in accordance with those instructions.
NOTE: The term ‘equivalent’ includes engine variants meeting the criteria of Paragraph E1.2.1.
E5 ADR80/00 AND ADR80/01 VEHICLES

ADR80/00 applies to heavy passenger and goods vehicles with a gross vehicle mass greater
than 3.5 tonnes. ADR80/00 was superseded by ADR80/01 from 2006 (refer to Table E1 for
applicability dates).
Vehicles certified to ADR80/00 or ADR80/01 shall only be converted to operate on NG by
the use of a certified kit which has been designed for that vehicle’s engine and prior to use,
has satisfied the relevant testing requirements of Paragraph E5.2.
The conversion kit shall be fitted to at least one representative engine of that model and
tested in accordance with all the tests relevant to NG fuelled engines specified in
ADR80/00 or ADR80/01, as applicable, or for NB category (3.5 > GVM ≤ 12) petrol engine
vehicles only, the IM240 exhaust emissions test*.
When tested in accordance with all the tests relevant to NG fuelled engines specified in
ADR80/00 or ADR80/01, the converted engine shall meet the emission limits specified for
those tests in ADR80/00 or ADR80/01, as applicable.
For the purpose of this Standard, ADR 80/00 engines converted to dual fuel operation may
be tested on either the ESC and ELR tests and meet the limit values in Table 1 or the ETC
test and meet the limit values in Table 2, as specified in Clause 6.2 of Annex 1 of Appendix
A of ADR 80/00.
NOTE:
ESC = European Steady State Cycle
ELR = European Load Response Test
ETC = European Transient Cycle
For an NB category (3.5 > GVM ≤ 12) petrol engine vehicle where the IM240 test option is
chosen, the test shall be conducted as follows:
(a) The converted vehicle shall undergo three hot IM240 tests on the original fuel and the
emissions results for CO, HC and NOx shall be averaged.
(b) The converted vehicle shall undergo three hot IM240 tests on NG and the emissions
results for CO, HC and NOx shall be averaged.
The emissions results from the tests conducted at Items (a) and step (b) shall be compared
and the average of the three tests at Item (b) shall be no greater than the average of the three
tests at Item (a).
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61 AS/NZS 2739:2009
Authority.
supplier to demonstrate that the kit has been tested on an engine equivalent to that being
converted, and has met the relevant emission limits in ADR80/00, ADR80/01 or IM240
test* as applicable. The documentation shall also include a comprehensive list of the kit
components and detailed installation instructions.
NOTE: ADR 79/02 applies to new model vehicles produced from 1 July 2008 and all vehicles
from 1 July 2010. Pending further review the following are interim arrangements to allow for the
installation of NG kits to vehicles, which comply with ADR 79/02 prior to its mandatory
implementation dates. Further review will be conducted and revised procedures may be published
in a future revision of this Standard.
vehicles with a gross vehicle mass not greater than 3.5 tonnes. It replaces ADR 79/01 from
1 July 2008.
certified kit, which has been designed for that engine family (refer to Paragraph E1.2.1),
and prior to use, has satisfied the testing requirements of Paragraph E6.2.
For petrol engine vehicles when the ADR79/02 Type I test is chosen the emissions results
Table E4.
Where the IM240 test option is chosen, the vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the
relevant test requirements outlined in Paragraph E3, and the emissions results determined at
Item (b) shall be less than the relevant hot IM240 limits in Table E3. For bi-fuel vehicles
the emission results obtained from the hot IM240 test conducted on the original fuel shall
be less than the relevant ADR limit specified in Table E4.
Authority.
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AS/NZS 2739:2009 62
TABLE E4
LIGHT DUTY VEHICLE EMISSION LIMITS FOR ADR79/02 PETROL VEHICLES
Reference Emissions limits (see Note 3)
ADR vehicle category mass g/km
(see Note 1) (see Note 2)
kg CO HC NO x
MA, MB, MC and MD N/A 1.0 0.10 0.08
(GVM ≤ 2500 kg)
N/A; and ≤1305 1.0 0.10 0.08
MA, MB, MC and MD >1305, ≤1760 1.81 0.13 0.10
(GVM > 2500 kg) >1760 2.27 0.16 0.11
NOTES:
MD = light bus, GVM = gross vehicle mass.

instructions.
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63 AS/NZS 2739:2009
NOTES
AS/NZS 2739:2009 64
NOTES
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AS/NZS 2739:2009

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

The following are represented on Committee ME-046:

Australian Automobile Association

Keeping Standards up-to-date

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 07279.

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Natural gas (NG) fuel systems for

Originated in Australia as AS 2739—1984.

ISBN 0 7337 9050 X

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

SECTION 3 CNG CONTAINER AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

SECTION 4 LNG CONTAINER AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

SECTION 5 CNG AND LNG FUEL SERVICE LINES AND MATERIALS

SECTION 6 FUEL CONTROL EQUIPMENT

SECTION 7 INSPECTION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

SECTION 8 CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE PLATE, MARKINGS AND LABELS

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian/New Zealand Standard

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

In New Zealand—a person, normally an automotive tradesman, registered by the New

1.4.27 Professional engineer

1.5 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS

1.6 VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS

1.7 IMPACT ON VEHICLE LOADING

1.8 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ALTERATIONS

1.9 APPROVED EQUIPMENT

1.10 PREVIOUSLY USED EQUIPMENT

1.11 WORKING AREA AND SAFE PRACTICES

SECT ION 2 COMPONENTS

2.1 GENERAL SUITABILITY

2.2 COMPONENT PARTS

SECT ION 3 CNG CONTA I NER AND FUE L

3.2.3 Use of removable containers

3.3 COMPONENTS FOR REMOVABLE CONTAINERS

3.4 CONTAINER VALVE

3.5 REFUELLING CONNECTION

3.5.3 Refuelling interlock device (New Zealand only)

3.6 REFUELLING NON-RETURN VALVE

3.7 LOCATION OF REFUELLING RECEPTACLE

3.8 REFUELLING INFORMATION PLATE

FIGURE 3.1 TYPICAL REFUELLING INFORMATION PLATE

3.9 SERVICE ISOLATION VALVE

3.10 FUEL FILTER

3.11 AUTOMATIC FUEL SHUT-OFF DEVICE

3.12 FUEL FLOW REGULATION DEVICE

3.13 CONTENTS INDICATOR

3.14 CONTAINER COMPARTMENTS AND SUB-COMPARTMENTS

3.15 MOUNTING OF FUEL CONTAINER

3.16 CONTAINER LOCATION AND GROUND CLEARANCES

FIGURE 3.2 ZONE OF CLEARANCE—LOWER OR SMALLER VEHICLES

FIGURE 3.3 ZONE OF CLEARANCE—LARGER OR HIGHER VEHICLES

3.18 HEAT SHIELDING

SECT ION 4 LN G CONT A I NER AND FUE L

4.3 DESIGN OF REFUELLING CONNECTION

4.4 CONTAINER SHUT-OFF VALVE

4.5 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES

4.6 MOUNTING OF CONTAINER(S)