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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................3

2. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA.............................................................................................3

3. VIBRATION ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY....................................................................4

3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................4

3.2 Structural Model .................................................................................................4

3.3 Dynamic Analysis ...............................................................................................6

3.4 Vibration Analysis...............................................................................................6

3.5 Acceptance Criteria Checks ...............................................................................7

4. VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS DURING START- UP & COMMISSIONING ...............9

5. REFERENCES...............................................................................................................9

APPENDIX -1: SAMPLE DYRINP FILE FOR VIBRATION ANALYSIS

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1. INTRODUCTION

The objective of this technical guide is to provide methodology for vibration analysis of
structures due to engine vibrations, using SACS software.

The purpose of any vibration analysis is to ensure that the coincidence between
structure frequencies and rotating unit excitation frequencies is avoided, while
respecting the vibration acceptance levels, as defined in acceptance criteria.

Vibration analysis may not be required for highly balanced centrifugal machines like gas
compressors. However, reciprocating machines may require vibration analysis due to
unbalanced forces. Further, rotating machines supported on deck extensions/cantilevers
require special attention.

Any vibration analysis due to rotating machinery can be split into two parts:

a) Vibration of the rotating component and their supporting skid

b) Vibration of the deck structure supporting the rotating package

Vibration analysis of rotating machinery and its supporting skid, including factory
acceptance test (FAT) should be performed by the vendor. It should be covered in the
scope of work for equipment vendor in the equipment package specification. A sample
scope of work (as suggested by a specialist consultant VIBRATEC) is placed in the
directory as reference /1/. Alternatively, if the vendor is not performing such analysis,
then a specialist consultant can be assigned to perform such a task.

Vibration analysis of a deck structure supporting the rotation machinery and its skid
should normally be performed by a structural engineer and is covered by this document.
However, a client may insist upon that the vibration analysis of the deck structure may
also be performed by a specialist consultant.

A vibration analysis performed for some equipment, their supporting structures and
skids and the deck structure for GPF project by VIBRATEC is placed in the directory as
reference /2/.

2. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Acceptance criteria for a vibration analysis can be defined at two levels:-
a) Natural frequency of the supporting frame work should generally be outside the
range of 0.7 to 1.3 times the exciting frequency (of frequencies) of the machine.
The range may differ from one client specification to other. A vendor may also
specify a range.

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b) The dynamic response of the supporting structure (deflection and/or velocity) is

compared to the published allowable industry accepted criteria.
SACS supports the following accepted industry allowable:
♦ D Line Allowable - Based on allowable deflection

♦ SNAME - Based on allowable deflection

♦ US Military Specification - Based on allowable deflection

♦ Maximum Velocity - Based on allowable velocity

Explanation and formulae for above allowable are given in Dynamic Response manual
of SACS.

For Maximum velocity criteria, the maximum allowable velocity is defined by the user.
While no specific velocity criteria are available with regard to human exposure,
Vibratech recommends the following on the deck for general work areas:

• Horizontal direction - 4 mm/s in the range [5-80 Hz]

• Vertical direction - 1.5 mm/s in the range [5-80 Hz]

3. VIBRATION ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

3.1 Overview

Vibration analysis of a structure consists of the following steps:

♦ Structural model

♦ Dynamic (Natural Period and Mode Shapes) analysis

♦ Engine Vibration (Dynamic Response) analysis

♦ Acceptance criteria checks

These are explained in the following sections.

3.2 Structural Model

For vibration analysis it is sufficient to model the part deck structure containing the
vibration machine up to the hard points (say deck legs or the ends of main girders) of
the structure. It is not necessary to model the entire deck and jacket structure, since the
dynamics of the structure in the immediate vicinity of the vibrating equipment is of
concern. Inplace static model of the deck structure can be modified to suit. To capture
the supporting deck rigidity, the hard point boundary conditions be provided with
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translation springs. A spring stiffness of 1 x 109 N/m is found to provide adequate

representation of the supporting deck (VIBRATEC has used this value in many of the
projects). Rotations at the hard points should be free. Following figure shows the
representation of springs at boundaries.

It is important that the vibrating components (e.g. engine, motor and gear box) of the
machine along with its skid and other major equipment supported on the skid are
properly modelled with their exact mass and cog in the analysis. The liaison between
the components (modelled as lumped mass) is connected with rigid elements; rotations
remain free and the translations are considered as very stiff. Connection of components
to skid is through rigid elements with rotations free at their ends. Following figure shows
the representation of connection of components

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3.3 Dynamic Analysis

Dynamic analysis is to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the structure like the natural
period, mode shapes and mass matrix for use in dynamic response analysis.

The structural model of static inplace analysis is modified to specify the retained
degrees of freedom for the selected joints. DYNPAC uses a set of master (retained)
degrees of freedom to extract the Eigen values (periods) and Eigenvectors (mode
shapes). The stiffness matrix is reduced at the master degrees of freedom using
standard matrix condensation method. The three translation degrees of freedom for
these master joints are retained by specifying 222 as joint fixities. The joints are
selectively chosen so as to obtain the true dynamic characteristics of the structure.

All the gravity loads, excluding the self weight of the structure should be combined into
one load case. This load combination shall be converted into mass by DYNPAC module
of SACS for dynamic analysis. Note that self weight of the structure is automatically
calculated by DYNPAC.

The consistent mass approach is selected for computing the natural frequencies and
mode shapes.

The inputs for dynamic analysis are specified on DYNINP file.

3.4 Vibration Analysis

The vibration analysis is carried out using DYNAMIC RESPONSE module of SACS. The
inputs for dynamic response are specified on DYRINP file.
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The following information needs to be provided:

♦ Damping Method – A structural damping of 2% is used for first 30 modes and 3%

for subsequent modes

♦ Engine Speed Parameters (supplied by Vendor) – Engine running speed range is

defined by beginning and ending speeds.

The speed range can be divided into increments for the purpose of analysis by
using constant increments or varying increments based on modal frequencies as
per the options available in SACS.

♦ Allowable Option – The allowable criteria selection

♦ Joint Selection – Joints may be selected for monitoring

♦ Plot option – Plot option for selected allowable criteria

♦ Running speed of the machine

♦ Engine unbalanced loading

Appendix-1 contains a sample DYRINP input file with explanations of different inputs
and a 3D model that was used to perform a vibration analysis of a deck supporting an
emergency generator on a proposed deck extension for an OXY project. The analysis
was performed by TP Houston. The entire platform was modelled along with PSI, which
is not recommended. Note that the sacs files for this job and technical memorandum,
including the plots, are placed in Reference /3/ of the directory.

3.5 Acceptance Criteria Checks

The selected structural joints are checked against the specified allowable criteria as
unity ratios. The results can be seen on plots.

Following flow chart explains the steps involved in the dynamic vibration analysis.

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START

SACINP-MODEL Modify inplace analysis model to SACINP-

include retained degrees of freedom, DYNAMIC
modelling for vibrating equipment, load
combination for dynamic analysis etc.

SACINP-DYNAMIC Perform NATURAL PERIOD (Dynamic) DYNLST

DYNINP Analysis [To generate Modes & Mass DYNMOD
for use in next analysis] DYNMAS

STRUCTURE BASIC PERIOD

(Should be Outside Lock in Range
of Machine Operating Period as per
Code or Client Specification)

Perform DYNAMIC RESPONSE

(Vibration) Analysis [Uses Modes &
DYRINP Mass from previous analysis to DYRLST
DYNMOD generate Deflection Amplitudes for DYRNPF
DYNMAS monitored nodes]

COMPARE
VIBRATIONS
RESULTS?

INDUSTRY ACCEPTABLE LIMITS

(Namely SNAME, D-Line, Military
Spec., Max. Velocity Criteria or Client
Specification)

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4. VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS DURING START- UP & COMMISSIONING

Some times it may be necessary to perform actual measurements of vibrations during

the start-up and commissioning phase, if the fabrication has progressed and it is not
possible to perform the modifications to the structure. In such a situation the remedial
measures, if required may be suggested after actual measurements taken during start-
up and commissioning. Report on one such work done by Vibratec on GPF deck for
VRU unit is placed in directory under reference /4/.

5. REFERENCES

Reference /1/ : Equipment Vibration study – Scope of work by Vibratec.

Reference /2/ : GPF Deck vibration Analysis Study Report by Vibratec.

Reference /3/ : OXY - PS1Q Platform – EDG supporting Deck Vibration

Assessment Memo & SACS files.

Reference /4/ : GPF Platform commissioning on the Yard by Vibratec.

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APPENDIX-1

SAMPLE DYRINP FILE FOR VIBRATION ANALYSIS

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** DYRINP FILE ** Engine Vibration analysis is to be

DROPT ENGV 90ECZ performed with 90 modes
* selected with vertical axis as Z.
*
*
*
SDAMP 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
SDAMP 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. Structural damping is considered as
SDAMP 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 % of critical for first 30 modes of
SDAMP 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
SDAMP 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
vibration and as 3% for the
SDAMP 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. remaining modes.
SDAMP 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
SDAMP 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
SDAMP 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
*
*
*
Beginning Engine Speed = 600
LOAD End Engine Speed = 1800
ENGVIB 600.0 1800.0MOD 80 2.0 20 10SN FL Speed increment type = MOD
* No. of speed increments = 80
*
*
Non-linear interpolation power = 2.0
* No. of points per cycle (Fundamental)
* = 20
* No. of points per cycle (harmonics) =
*
*
10
* Allowable Option = SNAME
*
*
*
* Joint names that are to be
JNTSEL NJ01 NJ02 NJ03 NJ04 NJ05 NJ06 713 773 723 799 757 719 751 752
JNTSEL 763 701 781 731 733 NJ18 NJ19 NJ20 791 711 monitored during the analysis
*
*
*
JNTPLT NJ01 NJ02 NJ03 NJ04 NJ05 NJ06 713 773 723 799 757 719 751 752 Joint names to be plotted
JNTPLT 763 701 781 731 733 NJ18 NJ19 NJ20 791 711
*
*
*
PLTOPT SN GR Joints to be plotted with
* allowable SNAME criteria
*
*
*
RSPEED 1500.00 Engine Running Speed = 1500
*
*
*
*
* Specify unbalanced forces at a
*
*
joint in six directions, force type,
UNBAL NJ65 .0 .0 3.1 00.0 1.40 00.0 LN 1 interpolation type and load group
END no.

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3D MODEL OF PS-1Q PLATFORM EDG EXTENSION FOR OXY JOB

Proposed new braces on

Grid A & B for New EDG
Extension

Proposed location of
New EDG

Proposed location of New

EDG Deck Extension

GRPOV

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