FABRICATION OF SUGARCANE BUD

CHIPPER
CONTENTS
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE

SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
NOMENCLATURE
1 Introduction
2 Literature review
3 Description of equipments
3.1 Cutter
3.2 Spring
3.3 Chain
3.4 Pedal
4 Design and drawing
5 Working principle
6 Merits and demerits
7 Applications
8 List of materials
9 Cost Estimation
10 Conclusion
Bibliography
photography
SYNOPSIS

SYNOPSIS
 This machine has high potential for small land holding farmers for taking out
bud from Sugarcane.
 Foot operated sugarcane bud chipper machine
 This machine has high potential for small land holding farmer for talking
out bud from sugarcane.
 Used the sugarcane losses.
 It can chip out 100 buds/hr. by a single unskilled worker.
 It is a war man friendly and time saving technology.
 It is used to chip out the bud from sugarcane for saving purpose and for
tissue culture.
 Novelty of the unit lies in foot operate hemisphere
 Chipping knife which provide gentle cutting of bud without extra loss of
sugarcane during sowing.
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER – 1
 INTRODUCTION

While marketing and promoting the sugarcane bud chipper, Roshanlal

realized that in sugarcane farming, many drudgery related issues have remained
unaddressed. He observed that farmers prefer to plant sugarcane buds directly in
the field manually, which is a cumbersome and time consuming process. Once
the problem got identified, he started working on the solution. Initially he
developed a manually dragged planter with one particular type of metering
mechanism. He tried it in his field and when he obtained successful results, he
converted the manually dragged version to a tractor mounted planter.
.

CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVAY
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Agriculture is one of the most significant sectors of the Indian Economy.

Agriculture is the only means of living for almost two thirds of the workers in

India. The agriculture sector of India has occupied 33% of India’s geographical

area, and is contributing 15.1% of India’s GDP. Agriculture still contributes

significantly to India’s GDP despite decline of its share in India’s GDP. There

are number of crops grown by farmers. These include different food crops,

commercial crops, oil seeds etc., sugarcane is one of the important commercial

crops grown in India. Sugarcane is the main source of sugar in Asia and Europe.

Sugarcane is grown primarily in the tropical and sub-tropical zones of the

southern hemisphere. Sugarcane is the raw material for the production of white

sugar, jiggery (gur) and khan sari. It is also used for chewing and extraction of

juice for beverage purpose. The sugarcane cultivation and sugar industry in India

plays a vital role towards socioeconomic development in the rural areas by

mobilizing rural resources and generating higher income and employment

opportunities. About 7.4percent of the rural population, covering about 34 million

sugarcane farmers, their dependents and a large number of agricultural labors are

involved in sugar cane cultivation, harvesting and ancillary activities.

Little portion of stem with one bud is known as bud chip. Bud chips are used to

raise settling in nursery. They were found to produce a good crop when
transplanted in main field. The principal advantage of bud chips is substantial

saving in seed material. Seed requirement is reduced to less than one ton per ha.
 CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
 CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT

3.1 CUTTER

This is the main section of the scooping machine. The scoop cutter is used

to cut the sugarcane bud and to get the same size of sugarcane bud. Because of

scooping cutter the wastage of sugarcane reduces and safety of farmer increases.

3.2 SPRING:

The automobile chassis is mounted on the axles not direct but through some

form of springs. This is done to isolate the vehicle body from the road shocks

which may be in the form of bounce, pitch, roll or sway.these tendencies give rise

to an uncomfortable ride and also cause additional stress in the automobile frame

and body. All the parts which perform the function of isolating the automobile

from the road shocks are collectively.

A Springing device must be a compromise between flexibility and

stiffness. If it is more rigid, it will not absorb road shocks efficiently and if it is

more flexible it will continue to vibrate even after the bump has passed so we

must have sufficient damping of the spring to prevent excessive flexing.

RETURN SPRING:
 A spring is a flexible elastic object used to store mechanical energy.

Springs are usually made out of hardened steel. Small springs can be wound from

pre-hardened stock, while larger ones. A spring is a mechanical device, which is

typically used to store energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to

maintain a force between contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic

material formed into the shape of a helix which returns to its natural length when

unloaded this is called return spring. springs are placed between the road wheels

and the vehicle body. When the wheel comes across a bump on the road, it rises

and deflects the spring, thereby storing energy therein. On releasing, due to the

elasticity of the spring, material, it rebounds thereby expending the stored

energy.in this way the spring starts vibrating, with amplitude decreasing

gradually on internal friction of the spring material and friction of the suspension

joints till vibrations die down.

TYPES OF SPRING:

Though there are many types of the springs, yet the following, according to

their shape, are important from the subject point of view.

 Helical spring

 Conical and volute springs

 Torsion springs

 Laminated or leaf springs

 Disc or Belleville springs

 Special purpose springs

 HELICAL SPRING:

The helical springs are made up of wire coiled in the form of helix and is

primarily intended for compressive or tensile loads. The cross-section of the wire

from which the spring is made may be circular, square or rectangular. The two

forms of helical springs are compression helical spring. And tension helical

spring.

The helical springs to be closely coiled when the spring wire is coiled so close

that the plane containing each turn is nearly at right angles to the axis of the helix

and the wire is subjected to torsion. In a closely coiled helical spring, the helix

angle is very small.it is usually less than 10°.the major stresses produced in helical

springs are shear stresses due to twisting. The load applied is parallel to or along

the axis of the spring.

3.3 Chain Construction

Chains have a surprising number of parts. The roller turns freely on the bushing,

which is attached on each end to the inner plate. A pin passes through the

bushing, and is attached at each end to theouter plate. Bicycle chains omit the

bushing, instead using the circular ridge formed around the pin hole of the inner

plate.
Chain Dimensions
Chain types are identified by number; ie. a number 40 chain. The rightmost digit

is 0 for chain of the standard dimensions; 1 for lightweight chain; and 5 for

rollerless bushing chain. The digits to the left indicate the pitch of the chain in

eighths of an inch. For example, a number 40 chain would have a pitch of four-

eighths of an inch, or 1/2", and would be of the standard dimensions in width,

roller diameter, etc.

The roller diameter is "nearest binary fraction" (32nd of an inch) to 5/8ths of the

pitch; pin diameter is half of roller diameter. The width of the chain, for

"standard" (0 series) chain, is the nearest binary fraction to 5/8ths of the pitch; for

narrow chains (1 series) width is 41% of the pitch. Sprocket thickness is

approximately 85-90% of the roller width.

Plate thickness is 1/8th of the pitch, except "extra-heavy" chain, which is

designated by the suffix H, and is 1/32" thicker.

ANSI Standard Chain Dimensions

Chain Roller Roller Sprocket Working

Pitch
No. Diameter Width thickness Load
25 1/4" 0.130" 1/8" 0.110" 140 lbs
35 3/8" 0.200" 3/16" 0.168" 480 lbs
40 1/2" 5/16" 5/16" 0.284" 810 lbs
41 1/2" 0.306" 1/4" 0.227" 500 lbs
50 5/8" 0.400" 3/8" 0.343" 1400 lbs
60 3/4" 15/32" 1/2" 0.459" 1950 lbs
80 1" 5/8" 5/8" 0.575" 3300 lbs

Bicycle and Motorcycle Chain Dimensions

Roller Roller Sprocket

Chain No. Pitch
Diameter Width thickness
Bicycle, with Derailleur 1/2" 5/16" 1/8" 0.110"
Bicycle, without
1/2" 5/16" 3/32" 0.084"
Derailleur
420 1/2" 5/16" 1/4" 0.227"
425 1/2" 5/16" 5/16" 0.284"
428 1/2" 0.335" 5/16" 0.284"
520 5/8" 0.400" 1/4" 0.227"
525 5/8" 0.400" 5/16" 0.284"
530 5/8" 0.400" 3/8" 0.343"
630 3/4" 15/32" 3/8" 0.343"

Selecting a Chain

Two factors determine the selection of a chain; the working load and the rpm of
the smaller sprocket. The working load sets a lower limit on pitch, and the speed
sets an upper limit.

Maximum Pitch = (900 ÷ rpm ) 2/3

The smaller the pitch, the less noise, wear, and mechanical losses will be
experienced.

3.4 PEDAL:

A bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot

to propel the bicycle. It provides the connection between the cyclist’s foot or shoe

and the crank allowing the leg to turn the bottom bracket spindle and propel the

bicycle's wheels.

Pedals were initially attached to cranks connecting directly to the driven (usually

front) wheel. The safety bicycle, as it is known today, came into being when the

pedals were attached to a crank driving a sprocket that transmitted power to the

driven wheel by means of a roller chain. Pedals usually consist of a spindle that

threads into the end of the crank and a body, on which the foot rests or is attached,

that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the spindle

 CHAPTER-4

DESIGN AND DRAWING

 CHAPTER-4

DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND DRAWING

 CHAPTER -5

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 CHAPTER -5

WORKING PRINCIPLE

A Challenged by an engineer to make a machine that can remove buds

from the sugarcane for the plantation purpose so as to minimize losses as well as
time, money and seeds, Roshanlal came up with this implement. By pressing the
food pedal, the unit removes the bud from the node of the sugarcane, which is
then used for planting.
It was hampered by lack of availability of saplings in large numbers. The
farmer wondered whether the sugarcane buds, instead of being planted, could be
sown like potatoes on the fields. The device consists of a platform, hemi sphere
chipping knife, linkage system and handle. It is used to chip out the bud from
sugarcane for sowing purpose and for tissue culture. Novelty of the unit lies in
foot lever operated hemi sphere chipping knife which provides gentle cutting of
bud without extra loss of sugarcane during sowing. This ultimately gives higher
income to the farmer by utilizing the remaining portion of the chipped canes
which can be used for juice extraction or sugar production.
 CHAPTER -6

MERITS AND DEMERITS

 CHAPTER-6

MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERITS

 Low cost machine

 Simple in construction
 Easy to maintain
 Easy to implement
 Less manpower
DEMIRTS

 Continuous pedaling action is required for system operation so that lot of

work cannot execute.

CHAPTER-7

APPLICATIONS
 CHAPTER-7

APPLICATIONS

 It can be used for agriculture purposes

 Reduce the manual work.
 Low skilled operator is sufficient.
 CHAPTER-8

LIST OF MATERIALS
 CHAPTER-8

LIST OF MATERIALS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS

The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed
below.
1. PROPERTIES:

The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the proposed

application. The various requirements to be satisfied Can be weight, surface

finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals,

service life, reliability etc.

 The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively

affect their selection

a. Physical

b. Mechanical

c. From manufacturing point of view

d. Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal

Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity,

electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.

The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,

Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance,

impact resistance, eleastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity,

hardness, wear resistance and sliding properties. The various properties

concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,

 Cast ability

 Weld ability

 Bribability

 Forge ability

 Merchantability

 Surface properties

 Shrinkage

 Deep drawing etc.

2. MANUFACTURING CASE:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface

qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may

demand the use of special materials.

3. QUALITY REQUIRED:

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the

material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number

of components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or

hand forging the steel.

4. AVILABILITY OF MATERIAL:

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply.it then becomes obligatory

for the designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect

substitute for the material designed.the delivery of materials and the delivery date

of product should also be kept in mind.

5. SPACE CONSIDERATION:

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces

involved are high and space limitations are there.

6. COST:

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays

an important part and should not be ignored.

Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance

of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.

CHAPTER-9
 COST ESTIMATION

CHAPTER-9

COST ESTIMATION

1. LABOUR COST:

2. OVERGHEAD CHARGES:

The overhead charges are arrived by”manufacturing cost”

Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost

Overhead Charges =20%of the manufacturing cost

3.TOTAL COST:

Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

=
 =

Total cost for this project =

CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION

By using different types of blades we can obtain different types of shape

of product. By using this machine we can cut the sugarcane bud so that it can
be utilized for farming.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.P.B.Khope, J.P.Modak, Establishing empirical relationship to predict the

cutting phenomenon energized by human powered flywheel motor (hpfm).

2.M. V. Gudadhe, J. P. Modak, Design of Experimentation for the Formulation

of an Approximate Experimental Model International Journal of Research in
Engineering Science and Technologies, Volume 1, Issue 1, May 2015.

3. P. B. Khope, J. P. Modak, Development and Performance Evaluation of a

Human Powered Motor Operated Cutter, International Journal of Scientific &
Technology Research, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013
PHOTOGRAPHY