HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING

UNIT 4
URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN
RENEWAL
CONTENTS:

Scope and Content of Master plan – planning area, land use plan and
Zoning regulations –
zonal plan – need, linkage to master plan and land use plan – planned
unit development (PUD) –
need, applicability and development regulations - Urban Renewal Plan
– Meaning,
Redevelopment, Rehabilitation and Conservation – JNNURM – case
studies.
"A Master Plan is the long term
perspective plan for guiding the
sustainable planned development of the
city.

This document lays down the planning

guidelines, policies, development code
and space requirements for various
socio-economic activities supporting the
city population during the plan period.

It is also the basis for all infrastructure

requirements."

The plan itself is a document,

sometimes hundreds of pages long,
that shows a community as it is and
recommends how it should exist in the
future. It often contains diagrams,
aerial photos, maps, reports and
statistical information that support the
planner's vision.
A typical master plan addresses the following:

Land use: The major land use recommendations presented in a master plan
result from analysis of a city's environmental and physical conditions, as well
as the planner's vision for future growth. A map of future land use is generally
included and makes recommendations about land set aside for parks and
open space; residential areas; commercial, office and industrial uses; civic
and institutional uses; and mixed-use areas.
Transportation and traffic: A good master plan takes all of a city's
transportation corridors into account.
Community facilities: Cities support an array of community facilities that
satisfy its demand for social and cultural enrichment. These include public
and charter schools, police and fire departments and community centers.
Parks and open space: Parks are vital to cities because they serve as the
focal points of neighborhoods and often have community and cultural facilities
grouped around them.
Neighborhoods and housing: Although they have unique characteristics,
neighborhoods in vibrant cities are interconnected and enjoy a dynamic
exchange of commuters, ideas and influences. Successful neighborhoods
also emphasize community, livability, appearance, transportation
opportunities, convenience and safety for all residents.
Economic development: A master plan recommends how a city's design can
be enhanced to attract new businesses and protect existing businesses
Traffic & Transportation is the lifeline of city metabolism. The DDA is
responsible for the overall planning and strategies of traffic and transport in
the city along with other concerned agencies such as Public Works
Department (PWD), Delhi Municipal Corporation (MCD), New Delhi
Municipal Corporation (NDMC), Transport dept., GNCTD, Ministry of surface
transport (MOST), DMRC, NHAI etc.
Aims:
To develop and strengthen a reliable, efficient and attractive multi modal
public transport system for Delhi to minimize gap between demand and
supply by capacity increase of urban transport.
To revitalize the movement in the old city.
To generate conditions for safe usage of bicycles.
To establish safe pedestrian movement.
To encourage innovative techniques, management etc to resolve transport
problems of the city by adopting environmentally and economically
acceptable approach.
To reorganize and restructure transportation fabric in light of the option and
choice.
Synergy between landuse, transport and urban economy to conserve urban
transport through balanced development and strategies.
Zoning provides spatial segregation of conflicting uses. It
also has the benefit of increasing positive externalities
because many uses find an advantage in being grouped with
other similar uses.
Development Control Rules:

The main purpose of the development control rules or the development

regulation was to ensure that buildings are built.

(1) Achieving optimum utilisation of land within the infrastructure levels in

an
area (either within existing or proposed/ planned infrastructure levels) within
the plan period;
(2) With adequate natural lighting and ventilation for healthy living;
(3) Within the desired/planned density of population (preventing negative
social, economic and environmental impacts of high densities);
(4) With open spaces on ground to improve urban environment;
(5) With adequate space for parking within the plot itself;
(6) With aesthetics and taking into the requirements of urban design
aspects
such as solids and voids, views and vistas, and also breaking monotony;
(7) With aspects of safety, convenience and economy (within reasonable
limits);
(8) With no or minimal negative externalities on the adjoining
buildings/uses.
Contents of Master Plan Submission
An installation master plan includes narrative materials and data, maps
and drawings, and presentation materials which describe and
illustrate existing conditions and proposed developments and changes in
conditions on the installation.
A. Narrative Materials and Data.

1. Master Plan Report

The master plan report shall include the following:

• a description and analysis of existing conditions, including
employee, visitor, and resident facilities and needs, with reference to
the existing conditions map;
• a description of the relationship of the proposed uses on the
installation to the overall missions or responsibilities, functions,
and facilities of the agency or agencies that are proposed to occupy
the site;
• a list of master planning objectives;
• a description of the master plan proposals with reference to the
master plan drawings;
• a summary sheet for easy reference providing the following information
for both existing conditions and long-range projections:
(1) total acreage, including a breakdown in acreage of land area by use
(2) total population, including a breakdown by employees and visitors (by
shifts), residents, and students, noting peak arrival and departure times;
(3) building floor area;
(4) total number of parking spaces; and
(5) any other useful statistics and facts;
• a description of the relationship of the proposed master plan to the
Comprehensive Plan,
• a description of community participation efforts,
• a report on individuals, families, and business required to be relocated
by the proposals, if any;
• an analysis, of the availability of affordable housing within reasonable
commuting distances from the affected installation for employees and
their families in cases in which the master plan proposes to change the
location
• a report on the consistency of the proposed master plan or revised
master plan with applicable local, subregional, regional, and state
development plans and policies,
• a historic preservation report which includes: an analysis of the effects,
if any, that the master plan will have on recognized historic resources
both on the installation or in the vicinity;
• a description of the predominate design idea, or set of ideas, which (1)
relate the urban design framework and land use proposals within the
master plan and (2) will guide the general design, character, materials
and other aspects of buildings, site improvements and landscaping on
the installation in the future;
• a Transportation Management Program (TMP) for installations with 100
or more employees (including existing and proposed employees). The
TMP should incorporate the following:

(1) a description of existing and projected peak hour traffic by

mode, with indicated points of entrance and exit, the number of existing
and proposed bicycle spaces, as well as transit routes and stops and
pedestrian facilities serving the installation, both on-site and in the nearby
area; and a summary of existing and proposed parking by type of
assignment (official cars, vanpools, carpools, single-occupant vehicles,
handicapped persons, visitors, etc.);
(2) stated goals and objectives for the TMP, such as trip reduction, mode split
changes, or vehicle occupancy rate increases;

(3) an evaluation of projected transportation impacts resulting from master plan

developments and description of potential TMP mitigation measures;

(4) a description of the process for monitoring and evaluating the achievement of
goals and objectives and adjusting TMP strategies, as needed; and

(5) a summary of the relationship of the TMP provisions to transportation

management and air quality requirements of local, state and regional agencies,
including provisions for working cooperatively with affected agencies to address
those requirements.

• a description of proposed energy conservation strategies and policies related

to the siting and design of new buildings, the retrofitting of existing structures,
the use of transportation facilities, and the consumption of renewable energy
resources for the purpose of complying with Federal energy efficiency
objectives;
• water quality management strategies and policies for controlling the impacts
of any on-site discharges to natural drainage ways or to adjacent streams or
wetlands and, in conjunction with the stormwater management plan
q. a staging program reflecting the graphic staging plan, that indicates in
narrative and/or tabular form the proposed sequence of development over the
period covered by the master plan.
In cases in which information required in the Master Plan Report is fully
provided in the required environmental documentation, it need not be repeated
in the Master Plan Report.

2. Environmental Document

The environmental document prepared by the sponsoring agency The

environmental document should be prepared in consultation with the
Commission, pursuant to Section S.C. of these requirements and the
Commission's Environmental Policies and Procedures
B. Maps and Drawings.

1. Vicinity Map

The vicinity map shall show the location of the installation in relation to well-known
features of the surrounding community within at least one mile from the
installation, such as major transportation facilities, natural features, and public
facilities. Existing land uses and zoning shall be shown on the map for the area
surrounding the installation. Where adopted local and/or state plans propose
changes in surrounding transportation facilities, land use, or zoning, the proposed
changes shall be shown on the vicinity map.

2. Inventory Maps

The following inventory maps shall be prepared from a common base map which
depicts existing physical conditions on the installation.

a. Existing land use map. The existing land use map shall indicate by appropriate
categories the allocation of land uses on the installation
b. Existing conditions map. The existing conditions map shall include the following:
internal road system, entrance and exist locations, with existing peak hour traffic
counts, the number of existing parking spaces for each site, building, and facility,
and public transit routes and stops. (This information may be shown on a separate
map entitled "Existing Circulation Map", if desired.);
all existing buildings, structures, and other manmade improvements, indicating
the use and height of principal buildings and structures;

properties and districts listed in the National Register of Historic Places or on

local historical registers;

existing wooded areas, watercourses, ultimate 100 year flood plains, wetlands,
and other significant natural areas and features;

existing typography of the installation at a contour interval that clearly indicates

the configuration of the land (generally at not less than five-foot intervals);

major utilities; and

c. Existing Urban Design Framework Diagram. The existing urban design

framework diagram shall include the following:
significant natural and man-made features, such as distinctive building
groupings or alignments, important formal or informal landscape compositions,
special views and vistas, Special Streets, scenic routes, gateways or edges,
etc., noting the role such elements serve in either unifying the installation,
manifesting its overall form or precincts therein, or contributing to or reinforcing
a larger urban design context and

intrusions, barriers, gaps or other disparate conditions affecting the integrity of

the urban design qualities identified above;
3. Master Plan Proposals

The following maps illustrating the master plan proposals shall be prepared
from a common base map which depicts future physical conditions to be
achieved on the installation through the master plan, with the coverage of the
map extending beyond the boundaries of the installation as required on the
inventory base map;

a. Urban Design Framework Diagram. The urban design framework diagram

should precede and be more diagrammatic than the maps listed below. The
framework diagram shall graphically indicate the retention, enhancement or
modification of the inventoried urban design features and the broad urban
design principles and development controls which, together, serve to support
and strengthen the intended form and character of the installation.

b. Land Use Plan. The land use plan shall indicate by appropriate categories
the proposed general land use of all land within the installation.

c. Circulation Plan. The circulation plan shall indicate at least the following:
the proposed internal road system of the installation incorporating existing-to-
remain and proposed roads and showing the functional classification of all
roads;
• existing-to-remain and proposed ingress and egress points serving the
installation and their relationship to the existing, programmed, and planned
roads immediately adjacent to the facility;

• existing-to-remain and proposed off-street parking facilities showing the

number of existing or estimated parking spaces for each separate facility;

• the proposed pedestrian circulation system, incorporating existing features

to remain;

• the proposed public transportation system showing the routes and stops
serving the installation; and

• proposed bicycle paths, if any, incorporating existing features to remain

d. Site Development Plan. The site development plan shall indicate the general
location and use of all existing to-remain and proposed buildings and structures,
the general order magnitude of building scale and orientation, and other site
improvements such as landscaping. The site development plan shall be
accompanied by two site development cross sections. These sections shall be cut
through the center of the site at approximately 90 percent to each other to show
the topography of the site, buildings, structures and landscape elements. On large
installations with low intensity development, the cross sections may be limited to
areas of major building concentrations.

e. Landscape Plan. Ideally, the landscape plan should be presented as a separate

plan. It may be incorporated in the site development plan if the combined plan
satisfies all content requirements and is clearly readable. The landscape plan is
not intended to present precise landscaping proposals but rather to indicate the
general landscaping concepts to be achieved in future projects. The landscape
plan, shall indicate at least the following:
• wooded areas, including those to be retained and cleared, and, in urbanized
sites, the general location of all existing trees one foot or more in diameter to be
retained or removed;
• the general location and extent of all proposed landscaping within the
installation; and
• existing-to-remain and proposed topography of the installation at a contour
interval that clearly shows the relationship of the proposed changes to the
existing topography.
f. Stormwater Management Plan. The stormwater management plan shall
indicate the location and size of natural drainage ways, storm sewer line and
outfalls, infiltration devices, retention and detention ponds, storm drainage
outfalls, and any other mitigation measures to control storm water runoff on
the installation, including measures required by state or local law, with back-
up computations.

g. Staging Plan. The staging plan shall graphically illustrate the proposed
sequence of development over the projected period covered by the master
plan in five-year development stages. Projects to be developed in the initial
five-year stage shall accord with the sponsoring agency's proposed capital
improvements program.
Planned Unit Development (PUD)

A planned unit development (PUD) is a large, integrated development,

developed under unified control according to a master plan, and located on
a single (or contiguous) tract of land. PUDs are characterized by a varied
and complementary mix of land uses, such as housing, recreation,
commercial centers, and industrial parks. The mix of uses allows residents
to meet many daily needs for goods and services without leaving the
development and provides employment for some residents

A planned residential unit development (PRUD) (sometimes planned

unit residential development (PURD)) is a variant form of PUD where
common areas are owned by the individual homeowners and not a
homeowners association or other entity. A PURD is considered the same as
a PUD for planning commission purposes and allows for flexibility in zoning
and civic planning.

Maintenance of Common Areas

In most PUDs, individual owners have full ownership of their homes and
buildings, making them the responsible party for maintenance. Governing
documents of homeowners associations within PUDs often delegate most of
the maintenance responsibilities to the owners, assuming the least amount
of responsibility possible.
• Design principles
• Houses and placement of houses
• Houses in PUDs often include access to a large shared open
space surrounding the house as well as a smaller private yard.
These large protected open spaces are created by the layout
of the buildings and are intended for use by all residents of
the developments. Different housing types (single-family, two-
family, multiple-family) are often mixed rather than separated
as is done in conventional development
• Streets
Street patterns are one of the most important elements in establishing the
neighborhood character of a residential community. Most non-PUD
development focuses on obtaining maximum frontage for lot sizes and
maximum flow of traffic on all streets. However, in order to dispel the
monotony of the typical grid plan street pattern, PUDs often employ a
hierarchy of street types based on usage. Local streets serve only
residences and have a low traffic volume, while collector streets connect
local streets to arterials, which are the major routes of travel throughout a
PUD.
Sidewalks and pedestrian ways
Sidewalks and pedestrian ways of PUDs supplement and complement
street systems in establishing the character of the neighborhood.
Sidewalks are located on at least one side of every street to enable the
walkability of the developments. Circulation systems are provided to link
residential groupings, open space areas, schools, and local shopping
areas.
Combining design features
It is in the ability to design each of these components simultaneously that
makes PUDs unique and effective. Each of the elements work together to
enhance the whole. This represents a major advantage over traditional
zoning practices that force lots to be planned in accordance with broad
rules that may allow for some incompatibility.