Lois Gopez COM11 November 27, 2019

Ms. Jocelyn P. Luyon Environmental Science | S-SCEN001TP

17 Sustainable Development Goals of The United Nations

The Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, also
known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 at an
historic UN Summit which officially came into force on January 1, 2016. It is the blueprint to
achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. The 17 Goals are an urgent call for action by
all countries which addresses the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty,
inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace and injustice. (United Nations,
n.d.).

Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Facts and Figures

 More than 700 million people, or 10% of the world population,

still live in extreme poverty. Surviving on less than US$1.90 a day.

 Eight per cent of employed workers and their families

worldwide lived in extreme poverty in 2018.

 Poverty affects children disproportionately. One out of five children live in extreme poverty.

 As of 2018, 55% of the world’s population have no access to social protection.

Targets

By the year 2030, it is our goal to eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere;
reduce at least half the proportion of men, women, and children living in poverty; implement
nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all; ensure that everyone have
equal rights to economic resources and basic services; reduce the exposure and vulnerability of
the poor to climate-related extreme events; and to create sound policy frameworks to support
poverty eradication actions.

Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved

nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

Facts and Figures

 There is an estimation of 821 million people undernourished in

2017.

 Poor nutrition causes nearly half of deaths in children under five - 3.1 million children each
year.

 149 million children under 5 years of age were still chronically undernourished in 2018.

 Agriculture is the largest source of income and jobs for poor rural households. Better use of
agricultural biodiversity can contribute to more nutritious diets, enhanced livelihoods for
farming communities and more resilient and sustainable farming systems.

 If women farmers had the same access to resources as men, the number of hungry in the
world could be reduced by up to 150 million.

Targets

By the year 2030, it is our goal to end hunger and ensure access by all people to safe,
nutritious and sufficient food. Sustainable food and agriculture system is needed if we are to
nourish 821 million people that are hungry today and to help alleviate the risks of hunger and
food insecurity.

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
ages

Facts and Figures

 More than five million children die before their fifth birthday
each year.

 Four out of every five deaths of children under age five occure in Sub-Saharan Africa and
Southern Asia.

 Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly 15.6 million deaths.

 35.4 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic.

 77.3 million people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic.

 Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death among people living with HIV; HIV leads
first for women of reproductive age worldwide; AIDS leads second among adolescents
globally.

Targets

By 2030, it is our goal to reduce the global maternal and child mortality rate and end the
epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other infectious and communicable diseases.
There is a need for us to focus on providing more efficient funding of health systems, improved
sanitation and hygiene, increased access to physicians and seek more ways to reduce pollution.

Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and

promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Facts and Figures

 Enrolment in primary education in developing countries has reached 91 per cent but 57
million primary age children remain out of school.

 More than half of children that have not enrolled in school live in sub-Saharan Africa.

 An estimated 50 per cent of out-of-school children of primary school age live in

conflict-affected areas.

 617 million youth worldwide lack basic mathematics and literacy skills.

 750 million adults still remain illiterate and two thirds of them are women.

Targets

By the year 2030, it is our goal to ensure that everyone is able to have access to inclusive
education and gain knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development. We must
also provide safe, nonviolent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all that are also
child disability and gender sensitive. An increase in qualified teachers are also needed by
providing teacher training workshops especially in least developed countries.

Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and

girls

Facts and Figures

 Globally, 750 million women and girls were married before the
age of 18 and at least 200 million women and girls in 30 countries
have undergone FGM.

 One in five women and girls, including 19 per cent of women and girls aged 15 to 49, have
experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner within the last 12
months. Yet, 49 countries have no laws that specifically protect women from such violence.
 In 18 countries, husbands can legally prevent their wives from working; in 39 countries,
daughters and sons do not have equal inheritance rights; and 49 countries lack laws
protecting women from domestic violence.

 Only 52 per cent of women married or in a union freely make their own decisions about
sexual relations, contraceptive use and health care.

Targets

By 2030, it is our goal to end all forms of discrimination and inequality against all women
and girls everywhere. Elimination of all forms of violence and harmful practices against all
women and girls is a must by implementing and strengthening sound policies and laws. We must
also provide women and girls equal access to education, health care, decent work, and
representation in political and economic decision-making processes.

Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of

water and sanitation for all

Facts and Figures

 785 million people remain without even basic drinking water

services in 2017.

 Two billion people live in countries experiencing high water stress

 673 million people still practise open defecation in 2017. The majority of them are in
Southern Asia.

 2.4 billion lack access to basic sanitation services and 6 in 10 people lack access to safely
managed sanitation facilities.

 Each day, nearly 1,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrheal
diseases.

 Water scarcity affect more than 40 percent of the global population and is projected to rise.
Targets

By 2030, it is our goal to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable
drinking water for all. We must also improve sanitation and hygiene for all by enhancing
management of freshwater ecosystems and sanitation facilities especially in developing
countries. Water quality can also be improved by reducing pollution and increasing recycling
and safe reuse globally.

Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and

modern energy for all

Facts and Figures

 13% of the global population still lacks access to modern

electricity.

 3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking and heating.

 Energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60 per cent of
total global greenhouse gas emissions.

 Indoor air pollution from using combustible fuels for household energy caused 4.3 million
deaths in 2012, with women and girls accounting for 6 out of every 10 of these.

 The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption has reached 17.5% in 2015.

Targets
 By the year 2030, it is our goal to ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern
energy services to all, increase energy efficiency and use of renewable energy through new and
economic and job opportunities.

Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic

growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Facts and Figures

 The global unemployment rate in 2018 was 5%, down from

6.4% in 2000.

 Median hourly pay of men is 12% higher than that of women.

 470 million jobs are needed globally for new entrants to the labor market between 2016 and
2030.

Targets

By 2030, it is our goal to sustain per capita economic growth and achieve higher levels of
economic productivity. It is also our goal to achieve fill and productive employment and decent
work for everyone and equal pay for work of equal value. We must also eradicate forced labour,
end modern slavery and human trafficking and all forms of child labour.

Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and

sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Facts and Figures

 Basic infrastructure like roads, information and communication

technologies, sanitation, electrical power and water remains scarce
in many developing countries.

 16% of the global population does not have access to mobile broadband networks.
 The global share of manufacturing value added in GDP increased from 15.2% in 2005 to
16.3% in 2017, driven by the fast growth of manufacturing in Asia.

Targets

By the year 2030, it is our goal to develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient
infrastructure that can be accessed by all. We must also promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization and increase access to information and communications technology to provide
universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries.

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

Facts and Figures

 Evidence from developing countries shows that children in the

poorest 20 per cent of the populations are still up to three times more
likely to die before their fifth birthday than children in the richest
quintiles.

 Persons with disabilities are up to five times more likely than average to incur catastrophic
health expenditures.

 Women in rural areas are still up to three times more likely to die while giving birth than
women living in urban centers.

 Up to 30 per cent of income inequality is due to inequality within households.

Targets

By 2030, it is our goal to progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40
per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average. We must also empower and
promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all and ensure equal opportunity and
reduce inequalities of outcome by implementing appropriate policies and legislation.
 Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable

Facts and Figures

 3.5 billion people live in cities today and 5 billion people are
projected to live in cities by 2030.

 883 million people live in slums today, mostly in Eastern and

South-Eastern Asia.

 The world’s cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earth’s land, but account for 60-80 per cent
of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissions.

 Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living
environment, and public health

 As of 2016, 90% of urban dwellers have been breathing unsafe air, resulting in 4.2 million
deaths due to ambient air pollution.

Targets

By 2030, it is our goal to ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and
basic services and upgrade slums. As well as sustainable transport systems and improve road
safety for all. We must also reduce the environmental impact of cities by focusing on waste
management and reduction of air pollution.

Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production

patterns

Facts and Figures

 Should the global population reach 9.6 billion by 2050, the equivalent of almost three
planets could be required to provide the natural resources needed to sustain current
lifestyles.

 The global material footprint increased from 5 metric tons in 2000 to 9 metric tons in 2017.

 93% of the world’s 250 largest companies are now reporting on sustainability.

 Humankind is polluting water in rivers and lakes faster than nature can recycle and purify

 In 2002 the motor vehicle stock in OECD countries was 550 million vehicles, a 32 per cent
increase in vehicle ownership is expected by 2020.

 The food sector accounts for around 30 per cent of the world’s total energy consumption
and accounts for around 22 per cent of total Greenhouse Gas emissions.

Targets

By 2030, it is our goal to achieve a sustainable consumption and production by reducing

resource use, degradation and pollution of our environment while increasing quality of life.
Consumers must be educated on sustainable consumption lifestyles by providing them with
adequate information and awareness.

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its
impacts

Facts and Figures

 From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature increased by

0.85°C. For each 1 degree of temperature increase, grain yields
decline by about 5 per cent.

 Oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and sea level has risen.

 Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by almost 50 per cent since 1990
 By the end of this century, the increase in global temperature will exceed 1.5°C. The
world’s oceans will warm and ice melt will continue. Average sea level rise is predicted as
24 – 30cm by 2065 and 40-63cm by 2100.

Targets

By 2030, we must strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and
natural disasters in all countries. It is our goal to improve education and awareness on climate
change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and integrate climate change measures into
national policies.

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, sea and
marine resources for sustainable development

Facts and Figures

 Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal

biodiversity for their livelihoods.

 Ocean acidity has increased by 26% since pre-industrial times and is expected to rapidly
increase by 100 - 150% by 2100.

 The proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels declined from 90% in
1974 to 67% in 2015.

 Coastal waters are deteriorating due to pollution and eutrophication. Without concerted
efforts, coastal eutrophication is expected to increase in 20 percent of large marine
ecosystems by 2050.

Targets

By 2025, it is our goal to prevent and reduce all kinds of marine pollution and sustainably
manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems. We must also minimize and address the
impacts of ocean acidification and conserve atleast 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas. By
2020, it is our goal to effectively regulate harvesting and prohibit overfishing, illegal and
destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans.

Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of

terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss

Facts and Figures

 Between 2010 and 2015, the world lost 3.3 million hectares of
forest areas.

 Due to drought and desertification, 12 million hectares are lost each year (23 hectares per
minute).

 52 per cent of the land used for agriculture is moderately or severely affected by soil
degradation.

 Of the 8,300 animal breeds known, 8 per cent are extinct and 22 per cent are at risk of
extinction.

 The risk of species extinction has worsened by almost 10% over the last 25 years.

Targets

By 2020, it is our goal to ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of
terrestrial, mountain and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services. We must sustainably
manage all types of forests, halt deforestation, combat desertification and reduce the degradation
of natural habitats and end the loss of biodiversity by protecting and preventing the extinction of
threatened species.
 Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Facts and Figures

 80% of homicide victims overall are men while 64% of

homicide victims of intimate partner/family-related homicide are
women.

 50% of the world’s children experience violence every year and in every 5 minutes,
somewhere in the world, a child is killed by violence.

 1 in 10 children is sexually abused before the age of 18.

 United Nations recorded and verified 397 additional killings of human rights defenders,
journalists and trade unionists across 4 countries from January to October 2018.

 Among the institutions most affected by corruption are the judiciary and police.

Targets

It is our goal to significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
especially on children and women. By the year 2030, it is our goal to provide legal identity for
all, including birth registration. We must also ensure equal access to justice for all and reduce all
forms of corruption and ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms,
in accordance with national legislation and international agreements.

Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize

the global partnership for sustainable development

Facts and Figures

 79 per cent of imports from developing countries enter developed countries duty-free

 The debt burden on developing countries remains stable at about 3 per cent of export
revenue

 30 per cent of the world’s youth are digital natives, active online for at least five years

 The number of Internet users in Africa almost doubled in the past four years

Targets

It is our goal to strengthen domestic resource mobilization and assist developing countries
in attaining long-term debt sustainability. We also aim to promote the development, transfer,
dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries.
Promotion of a universal, rule-based, and equitable multilateral trading system under the World
Trade Organization and increase the exports of developing countries is a must. As well as
enhancement of policy coherence and the global partnership for sustainable development.

Reference

United Nations. (n.d.). About the Sustainable Development Goals - United Nations Sustainable
Development. Retrieved from
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/.

United Nations. (n.d.). Sustainable Development Goals .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge
Platform. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300.