XOVER-3 Instr Manual
XOVER-3 Instr Manual
XOVER-3 Instr Manual
Model XOVER-3
Assembly and Operator’s Manual
Rev 1.01
Xkitz.com
Features
• 3-way Active Crossover for driving separate subwoofer, midrange and tweeter amplifiers
• Linkwitz-Riley crossover, 4th order, 24dB/Octave roll-off
• Perfect for Tri-Amping your sound system
• Crossover frequency configuration components are on two socketed modules - quick and easy to change
the XO frequencies by simply snapping in new modules
• Wide range of standard XO frequency modules are offered by Xkitz
• Baffle Step Compensation, optional, adjustable and configurable to support various baffle sizes
• Supports unbalanced signal inputs/outputs by default, support for balanced audio signaling is available as
an add-on option.
Unbalanced signals are connected via standard RCA jacks
Balanced signals are connected via optional 3.5mm TRS jacks
• Specifications:
Mid/High THD, THD+N: < 0.070%, < 0.088%
Sub-Woofer THD, THD+N: < 0.0020%, < 0.020%
Frequency Response: Linear from 10Hz - 80KHz
CMRR (balanced input): > 55dB
Input Impedance: 20K ohms unbalanced, 40K ohms balanced
Input Overload: 3.8V peak-to-peak
Voltage Gain: Adjustable Sub, Mid and High, Max 0dB Unbal, 12dB Balanced
Filter Topology: Linkwitz-Riley, Constant Voltage, 4th Order, 24dB/Octave
Power supply: 17V–24V DC, Single positive DC rail (no negative supply required)
Supply Current: 150mA
• Channels are phase aligned to within a fraction of a degree to minimize distortion near the XO frequency
• Separate Sub, Mid and High output level adjustments via on-board multi-turn trim-pots
• Filtered LDO regulator for high power supply noise rejection, ultra clean audio
• This is a mono device, two units are needed for stereo operation
• PCB dimensions: 4.125” x 2.5” x 0.65” height
• This is an intermediate electronic kit containing 80 components, and can be assembled in about 2 hours
In fact, loudspeakers can actually distort within their natural frequency range if they are also presented with
frequencies outside their natural range. In other words if you send low frequencies to your tweeter, the high
frequency sound reproduced by the tweeter will be distorted by the presence of the low frequency signal.
When you separate the frequencies with a crossover, each loudspeaker is able to focus on producing only the
frequencies that they’re designed to produce.
Most speaker boxes you see have passive crossovers, which are made up of some inductors and capacitors
that filter the low frequencies from the highs. But passive crossovers have a number of very significant
drawbacks. One big problem with passive crossovers is they don’t have a very sharp roll-off. This means that
some of the bass frequency energy will still reach the tweeter, and some of the treble energy will still reach the
woofer. Another major disadvantage with passive crossovers is efficiency; they waste a huge amount of the
power you’re amplifier is providing. High frequency sounds are prevented from going to the woofer (and low
frequencies prevented from going to the tweeter) by essentially just shorting them out; so power is wasted in the
form of heat dissipated in the crossover components.
But by far the biggest problem with passive crossovers is that they significantly degrade the quality of the
signals that pass through them by introducing distortion in the following ways:
• Channel phasing: Once the crossover splits the audio signal, the woofer and tweeter signals will be out
of phase from each other (which means one leads or lags the other). This causes distortion at and
around the crossover frequency because at these frequencies both the tweeter and the woofer will be
driven, but each will be at a different phase. At various points of time in the wave the woofer and
tweeter will be either fighting one another or re-enforcing one another. This leads to a muddying of the
sound definition.
• Channel Cross-talk due to Back-EMF: The mass of the loudspeaker cones will continue to move in the
direction they are being driven by the amplifier for a short period of time after the signal changes
direction, and this induces currents in the voice coils that couple back into the passive crossover and
causes unpredictable non-linear crosstalk between the channels of the crossover.
• Frequency response degradation: any time you put large capacitors and inductors in series or parallel
with your audio signal it will invariably affect frequency response of the signals. The ways in which this
can happen depend on the design of the crossover and the characteristics of the loudspeakers. The
nature of this distortion is so complex it becomes almost impossible to accurately model.
All of this adds significant distortion to the final sound emitted. Audio engineers for decades have tried in vain to
come up with ever more complex passive filter arrangements to try and resolve, or mask, these inherent
problems.
An active crossover, like the XOVER-3, on the other hand, is built from the highest quality operational
amplifiers (op-amps) and the filter functions are applied to the high impedance, line-level preamp input instead
of the low impedance, high voltage level amplifier output. Active filters have a much sharper roll-off,
24dB/octave, allowing each of the loudspeakers to perfectly focus on producing just the frequencies they are
designed to handle. Active crossovers are also more efficient from a power standpoint because of the fact that
the filters are applied in the line-level audio input signal; only the energy meant for a particular driver is sent to
the amplifier that drives it, so there is no waste. But the biggest advantage of active crossovers is the sound
quality. A vanishingly small amount of noise and distortion is introduced in the op-amp filter circuits, on the
order of 0.00005% total harmonic distortion.
All of this results in extremely clean, precise, and well defined audio output to your amplifiers.
Assembly Instructions
It is very important that you read and understand all of the following instructions before you start your
assembly so that you don’t make any mistakes that might be difficult to recover from. The assembly should be
done in the order listed in Table 1 or you may have difficulty physically accessing components for soldering.
Table 1. Parts List - Bag A and Bag B – for standard kit supporting UNBALANCED signaling
Pack Reference Install Install
Device Value Marking Qty
√ Designators Notes √
CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) REV 1.0 XOVER-3 1
R1,R6,R8,R10,
R15,R17,R27,
RESISTOR 1K, 1% BRN-BLK-BLK-BRN-BRN 12
R30,R35,R36,
R37,R39
RESISTOR 10K, 1% BRN-BLK-BLK-RED-BRN 1 R26 1
RESISTOR 10K, 1% BRN-BLK-BLK-RED-BRN 3 R18,R21,R24 2
RESISTOR 20K, 1% RED-BLK-BLK-RED-BRN 2 R16,R25 2
RESISTOR 15, 1/2W BRN-GRN-BLK-GLD-BRN 1 R38
CAPACITOR 100pF 101 1 C15
C33,C34,C35,
CAPACITOR 0.1uF, 10% 104 6
C38,C39,C40
C1,C2,C8,
C14,C16,C17,
CAPACITOR 10uF, 10% 106 (BLUE COLORED) 10
C24,C30,C36,
C37
C3,C4,C5,C6,
C7,C9,C10,
C11,C12,C13,
CAPACITOR 0.015uF, 5% 153 (BLUE COLORED) 20 C18,C19,C20,
C21,C23,C25,
C26,C27,C28,
C29
BSC Configuration Cap: 3
One of: (See Table 3)
CAPACITOR .022uF 223 1 C22
.033uF 333
.047uF 473
SOCKET – 14 PIN 4 U1,U2,U3,U5 4
SOCKET – 8 PIN 1 U4 4
SOCKET – 20 PIN 2 XO MODULE 5
COMPONENT CARRIER –
2 XO MODULE 5
20 PIN
VR1,VR2,VR3,
TRIMPOT 10K R10K 4 6
VR4
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACIT. 100uF 100uF 2 C31C32 7
RCA JACK 4 J1,J4,J7,J8 8
TERM BLOCK 2 1 J10 9
VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM2940CT LM2940CT 1 U6 10
TL074/
OP AMP CHIPS TL074 or OPA4227 3 U1,U2,U3,U5 11
OPA4227
TL072/
OP AMP CHIPS TL072 or OPA2227 1 U4 11
OPA2227
Table 2. Parts List – Balanced Mode Upgrade – for the optional BALANCED signaling upgrade
Pack Reference Install Install
Device Value Marking Qty
√ Designators Notes √
RESISTOR 10K, 0.1% BRN-BLK-BLK-RED-VIO 3 R18,R21,R24 2
RESISTOR 20K, 0.1% RED-BLK-BLK-RED-VIO 2 R16,R25 2
3.5MM TRS JACKS 4 J2,J5,J6,J9 8
0.15"
2.5"
Unbalanced lines are most common in consumer grade audio, and are generally much more susceptible to
audio noise like 50/60Hz hum. Unbalanced lines will also pick up any electro-magnetic noise in the nearby
environment (such as computers, cell phones, microwaves, etc.) and adds it to your audio signal, making it
audible in your speakers. Unbalanced lines can also lead to ground loops, which are the major source of
50/60Hz hum in your sound system. Ground loops arise whenever there is more than one path from any piece
of audio equipment to earth ground. Your equipment will always be grounded through your AC line. Adding
another path to ground through your unbalanced audio cable adds a second path to ground, and this can
cause audible 50/60Hz hum.
Balanced lines are more common in high end consumer and professional audio systems and are much less
susceptible to noise. Balanced lines allow you to run very long audio cables without allowing electro-magnetic
noise to couple into your signal. They’re also not susceptible to 50/60Hz hum; there is no connection to ground
in the audio signal cable, so they can’t create ground loops in your sound system.
For unbalanced signal input, you’ll install the RCA jack in location J2, and leave the J1 location empty.
For balanced signal input, you’ll install the 3.5mm TRS jack in location J1, and leave the J2 location empty.
For unbalanced signal outputs, you’ll install the two RCA jacks in locations J8 and J9, and leave location J5
and J7 empty.
For balanced signal outputs, you’ll install two 3.5mm TRS jacks in locations J5 and J7, and leave location J8
and J9 empty.
Figure 2. Balanced Mode signal Input and Output TRS Jack Wiring
The mid/high and subwoofer crossover (XO) frequencies are determined by the values of the resistors on the
two 20-pin socketed component carriers called the ‘XO Modules’. All 10 resistors on each module are set to the
a particular value to control the filters’ frequency responses.
https://www.xkitz.com/collections/active-crossovers-and-bi-amplifiers-1/products/xo-module-for-use-with-
XOVER-2-and-xamps
Or you can select your own custom XO frequency resistor values with our filter calculator tool at:
http://www.xkitzconnect.com/files/Linkwitz-Riley-2Way-Calculator.htm
Just enter your desired mid/high crossover frequency. Then hit the ‘Calc’ button. It will give you the suggested
resistor value for your mid/high crossover, and it will show a schematic diagram of the crossover. Then enter
the value of your chosen sub-woofer crossover frequency and hit ‘Calc’ again to get the values for your sub-
woofer XO module. You may have to round the suggested values to standard available resistor values. High
precision (1% or better) resistors are recommended to minimize distortion.
The VR3 precision 20-turn trim-pot allows the BSC magnitude to be adjusted. Turning the pot 20 full
revolutions counter-clockwise reduces the BSC magnitude to the point of being entirely disabled. Turning it
clockwise increases the BSC magnitude to a maximum of 6dB. In other words, it increases the amount of
attenuation of the higher frequencies to 6dB below the lower frequencies. This compensates for the theoretical
6dB attenuation of the low frequencies due to the baffle step.
There are a number of different methods to calibrate a 3-way active crossover. Below is the method we generally
prefer. We like to first set the Sub and Mid levels to roughly unity gain (output level same as input) using a
voltmeter or an oscilloscope, then gradually raise the level of the high channel and set the ideal level exclusively
by ear or a spectrum analyzer. There is generally a large difference in the efficiencies of woofers and tweeters, so
there is no ideal ratio between the Sub, Mid and High levels. Using this method, you end up with an overall
insertion gain of roughly 0dB, and you can easily reach an ideal balance between drivers with differing levels of
efficiency.
In a stereo system, you’ll want to try and calibrate both L and R at the same time to maintain a close balance of
the L and R volume levels.
1. Use a signal generator of some kind to inject a sine wave into the crossover. Free signal generator apps
are widely available for any smart phone or on the PC. Either connect it directly to the input of the
crossover, or if your crossover is part of your larger system, simply connect it to any line input and
select it to drive the crossovers.
2. Set the level of the signal generator (or the volume of your system) to maximum volume.
3. Set the frequency of the signal generator to around 50Hz.
4. Using a voltmeter or oscilloscope, measure the signal level of the crossover’s input signal(s). For
unbalanced inputs, just unplug the RCA jack from the crossover and measure the voltage across the
inner and output contacts of the cable jack. For balanced input(s), unplug the TRS jack and measure
across the TIP and RING conductors (see Fig 2 above). Plug the jack back into the crossover.
5. Begin raising the level of the Mid channel while monitoring the crossover Mid output. Again, measure
across the RCA jack contacts or the TIP and RING for unbalanced or balanced modes. Raise the Mid
level until the output voltage is equal to the input level from step 4.
6. Now that you have your Mid channels set to 0dB gain, it’s time to set the crossover Sub and High
levels. Connect your normal audio signal source and set the volume to a comfortable listening level.
Troubleshooting
If you’re having trouble with your device, check Table 4 for possible cause and solution.