Universidad Santiago de Cali Level: 3

Language Institute Topic: Landmarks and Festivals

Teacher: Hernando Vega Arias

Landmarks of the world

This ancient stadium is located in Rome. It was built from 72 to 80 A.D. It
seated 45,000 spectators and was four stories high.
……………………………………………………………….
This is one of the most spectacular natural wonders in North America. It is
located on the border between the United States and Canada. It is almost 58
meters high. ……………………………………………………………….

This amazing place is in Arizona, USA. Parts of it are 1.6 kilometres

deep and 29 kilometres wide. It’s got 640 kilometres of hiking trails.
……………………………………………………………….
This ancient Greek temple was built almost 2,500 years ago. It was
built to honour Athena, goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology.
……………………………………………………………….

This beautiful tomb is in Agra in Northern India. It was built between 1563
and 1632 in memory of the Shah’s wife. …………………………………………………….

This is the largest Christian Church in the world. It is in Rome, Italy. It is built
in the shape of a cross. The magnificent dome was painted by Michelangelo.
……………………………………………………………….

This mysterious arrangement of stone is in Wiltshire, England. These giant

stones were put there more than 3,500 years ago. ……………………………………….

This place covers 9.1 million square kilometers. It stretches across northern
Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. It consists mostly of huge plain
of sand called ergs.……………………………………………………………….

This is an electronic dance music festival held in Boom, Belgium. It was first
held in 2005 and has since become one of the world's largest and most
notable music festivals. It now stretches over 2 weekends and usually sells
out in minutes. …………………………………….
This elegant mansion has got 132 rooms and is the home to the
President of the United States and his family. ………………………………….
The sculptor Gutzon Borglum started carving the heads of George
Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore
Roosevelt in 1927. Each face is about 18 meters from chin to
forehead. They are carved into the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA.
……………………………………………………………….
This extraordinary statue stands near the Great Pyramid in the hot
Sahara Desert of Egypt for almost 4,500 years. Itis 73 meterslong and
20 metres high. ……………………………………………………………….

FAMOUS PLACES - KEY

Niagara Falls - Sphinx – Parthenon–TajMahal - St. Peter’s Basilica - Sahara Desert
White House – October Fest - Mount Rushmore – The Great Canyon – Coliseum - Stonehenge

A. Classify the following key-terms into the correct category:

Foggy, hill, gulf, Snowy, plain, plateau, swamp, canyon, strait, isthmus, Sunny,
peninsula, Island, oceans, humid, seas, channel, pond, lake, mountain, stream,
rainy
 Land forms

Bodies of water

Weather conditions

B. Match the correct geographic feature to the picture:

The “if” Conditional

Conditionals are sentences with two clauses – an ‘if clause and a main clause – that are closely
related.
We use the zero conditional is used to talk about a general truth
or a scientific fact.

 If it rains, all my clothes get wet.

 If you drink too much sea water, you get sick.
 If the sun goes down, it gets dark.

We use the first conditional when we talk about real and possible situations.

 If Barcelona wins, they’ll be top of the league.

 I’ll go swimming on the lake if I have time.
 1. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the “if” conditional
a) If the temperature ..................... (drop) below zero, the water ...................... (freeze).
b) If their baby ........................... (cry) is because she ………………......... (be) hungry
c) Mario ……………………… (slip) on the rocks, if he ……………………..….(wear) sandals in the mountains
d) If you .......................... (do) exercise every day, you ………….......... (be) fit.
e) If someone ........................ (enter) the building, the alarm .......................... (go off)
f) If the sun …………………………..…(shine) we ………………………….(walk) on the beach
g) If you ...................(press) the “power” button, the computer …………......... (turnon)
h) Your teeth ............................. (be) cleaner if you …………........... (use) toothpaste.
i) We …………………(visit) the museums, if we ……………..…………(travel) to London
j) Our son ……………….(fly) to Africa, if he …………….(earn) a lot of money.

We use the second conditionalwith the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive. t
has two uses.

First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be
true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.
 If I won thelottery, I wouldbuy an island.(I probablywon'twinthelottery)
 If I met theTaj Mahal in India, I would take many pictures.
 She would travel all over the world if she were rich.

Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because
it's not true.
 If I had hisnumber, I wouldcall him. (I don'thavehisnumbernow, so it'simpossiblefor me tocallhim).
  If I were you, I wouldn'tgo outwiththatman.

A. Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type II) by putting the verbs into the correct form.

a) If we(have)had a yacht, we (sail) would sail the seven seas

b) If he (have) ______________ more time, he (learn) ____________ English
c) If they (tell) _____________ their father , he (be) _____________ very angry
d) She (spend) ____________ a year in USA if it (be) ___________easier to get a green card.
e) If I (live) ______________ on a lonely island, I (run) _____________ around naked all day
f) We (help) _____________ you if we (know) ______________ how.
g) If Marla (feel) _____________ better, I (go) _____________ with her to the Grand
Canyon
h) He (not / talk) ______________ to you if he (be)______________ mad at you.

B. Write a complement for each sentence:

C. Speaking
In this fun mixed conditionals game, students will be divided into two big groups. They will face
each other in order to be able to choose a student from the opposite team. One group will think
about a form of conditional using “if”(each member of the group needs to have one). The other
group will think about the main clause or possible consequence of a conditional. Then, one
student from one group will choose one student from the opposite group and try to complete the
ending of the conditional sentence. Then, the opposite group will do the same thing and so on.
The group with the most points at the end of the game is the winner.

a. EiffelTower a. ……………………………… a. ………………………………… a. …………………………………

b. ………………………………… b. Washington DC b. ………………………………… b. …………………………………

c. Built in 1.889 c. Built in 1.792 c. finished in the 1300s c. Built 1858

d. Height: ………………… d.
…………………………………

a. ………………………………… a. ……………………………… a. ………………………………… a. …………………………………

b. ………………………………… b. ……………………………… b. ………………………………… b. …………………………………

c. finished in 80 A.D c. Built in 1.973 c. Built in 1.894 c. finished in the 1800s

d. Built ………………… d. Built ………………… d. Built ………………… d. Built …………………

D. LISTENING: Listen to three interviews and answer the questions (top notch 2-unit 1 – track 12)

A- What has been the main reason for Nancy to visit different countries?

B- What did Nancy notice about gestures in India?

C- What did the people in the village do to thank Andrew?

D- If Andrew didn’t eat something he didn’t want to, what would the people in the village say?

E- What has Mieko Nakamura done twice?

F- How did she get to “the top of the world”?

DESCRIBE A PLACE (The Passive Voice)

The ACTIVE VOICE focuses on “the Performer” of an action:
 Gustave Eiffel designed the construction of the Eiffel Tower in 1889 (focus on the subject, Gustave
Eiffel – the performer)

The PASSIVE VOICE focuses on “the receiver” of the action:

 The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave in 1889 (focus on the object, The Eiffel Tower – the
receiver)

 You form the Passive Voice with a form of be and the past participle of a verb.
 It is very common to use the Passive Voice when the performer of the action isn’t
important.
Example: This statue was found in India.
 Use a by phrase in Passive Voice when it is important to identify the performer of an
action.
Example: the dress was designed by Donatella Versace
 A. Change each sentence from the ACTIVE to the PASSIVE voice. Use a by phrase when is necessary.

1. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa in the sixteenth century.

________________________________________________________________________
2. Brazilian photographer Sebastiao Delgado took that photograph in 2.007.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Workers added the Louvre Pyramids to the Paris Museum years ago.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Middle Eastern weavers have produced beautiful Persian rugs for centuries.
________________________________________________________________________
5. Many people discovered the famous Terracotta Army figures in China.
________________________________________________________________________
6. Many tourists visit the chichen- itza pyramid in Mexico every year.
________________________________________________________________________

B. Made TWO short descriptions using the PASSIVE voice to the following:
Example:
 A WHITE BOARD (CLASSROOM): a white board is used in the classroom and can be easily erased.

a) GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE (USA-SF): ___________________________________________________________

b) PARTHENON (ATHENS): ___________________________________________________________________
c) MACHU PICHU (PERU): ___________________________________________________________________
d) BULLFIGHT (SPAIN): ______________________________________________________________________

Where was it built? Or what is it used for?

You can also make different questions using the Passive Voice form.
Affirmative: This stone house was made by hand
Question: was this stone house made by hand?
Answer: no, it wasn’t made by hand.

 When was the Trojan horse built?

It was built…
 What was the Trojan horse used for?

 How was the Trojan horse made?

 Where was the Trojan horse taken?

1. WRITE A QUESTION AND AN ANSWER TO THE FOLLOWING LANDMARKS:

WHERE / LOCATE

HOW / LEAN
 WHAT / USE

WHEN / FINISH

WHY / MAKE

Grammar Challenge – simple passives

PRACTICE 1: match the beginnings of the sentences to the endings. Write the correct number to the complement:
1 Romeo and Juliet ... ... were chosen at random by judges.

2 These windows ... … was sold many years ago

3 Smoking ... ... are all spoken in Switzerland.

4 The last Michel Angelo statue ... … is celebrated every year in February

5 The Mermaid Statue… … was written by William Shakespeare.

6 Five lucky winners ... …will be cleaned every morning.

7 Rio de Janeiro carnival… … was a gift given by Danish brewer Carl

Jacobsen to the City of Copenhagen.
8 French, Italian, and German ... …is forbidden in public places today.

Worksheet
A. Give an answer to the following questions:
a) Name and describe a Landmark from the city you live.
b) Name and describe a festival or carnival from your country.
c) Name and describe your favorite natural landmark in your country
d) Name and describe a local tradition or custom.

B. Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice.

1) They can’t see Joanna. _____________________________________________________________________
2) We will put all these things into boxes. ________________________________________________________
3) The children send me messages every day. ____________________________________________________
4) Has anybody put the cases upstairs? __________________________________________________________
5) Ana didn’t pay me very well for that job _______________________________________________________
C. Rewrite the following passage into the Passive Voice.
“Somebody has stolen a bus from outside the school but some children saw the thief. Many police men are
searching for the bus now. So, they will use the children’s descriptions to find the thief. The officers are going to
catch the thief in a few days”.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

d. PRACTICE: Rewrite these sentences to put them in the active voice.

a. The sugar water was relished by the hummingbirds.
____________________________________________________________________
b. Jogging is done by many people every morning.
____________________________________________________________________
c. Anoutstanding interview was given by the Queen of England.
____________________________________________________________________
d. The worksheets will be handed out to students by the professor.
____________________________________________________________________

E. Please answer the following questions based on the video:

“5 controversial festival around the world”= www.youtube.com/watch?v=-M0rVOT4x_w
a) What is the cultural importance of animal sacrificed in Nepal?
b) What was the Kanamara Matsuri considered long time ago?
c) Why is the Monkey Buffet festival celebrated?
d) Why are babies jumped during the Colacho Festival?
e) Why is the Yulin Festival so criticized?