Wash Wlan
Wash Wlan
Wash Wlan
11 Wireless LANs
Part I: Basics
Overview
e.g., IEEE 802.1w-2001 was merged with IEEE ¾ Frequency Hopping (FH) spread spectrum using ISM band
802.1D-2004 ¾ Diffused Infrared (850-900 nm) bands
Standards used to be numbered, sequentially, e.g., Supports multiple priorities
IEEE 802.1a, …, 802.1z, 802.1aa, 802.1ab, … Supports time-critical and data traffic
Recently they started showing base standards in the Power management allows a node to doze off
additions, e.g., IEEE 802.1Qau-2010
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Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISM_band
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IEEE 802.11 Physical Layers Hidden Node Problem
Issued in several stages
&
First version in 1997: IEEE 802.11
¾ Includes MAC layer and three physical layer specifications
%
¾ Two in 2.4-GHz band and one infrared $
¾ All operating at 1 and 2 Mbps
¾ No longer used
Two additional amendments in 1999: A B C
¾ IEEE 802.11a-1999: 5-GHz band, 54 Mbps/20 MHz,
OFDM
¾ IEEE 802.11b-1999: 2.4 GHz band, 11 Mbps/22 MHz A can hear B, B can hear C, but C cannot hear A.
Fourth amendment: C may start transmitting while A is also transmitting
¾ IEEE 802.11g-2003 : 2.4 GHz band, 54 Mbps/20 MHz, A and C can't detect collision.
OFDM CSMA/CD is not possible
Þ Only the receiver can help avoid collisions
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IEEE 802.11 Priorities Time Critical Services
DIFS Contention Window Super Frame
PIFS Contention-Free Contention
Busy SIFS Random Backoff Frame
Period Period
Carrier Sensed Time PCF Access DCF Access
Beacon Time
Initial interframe space (IFS)
Timer critical services use Point Coordination Function
Highest priority frames, e.g., Acks, use
short IFS (SIFS) The point coordinator allows only one station to access
Medium priority time-critical frames use “Point Coordination Coordinator sends a beacon frame to all stations.
Function IFS” (PIFS) Then uses a polling frame to allow a particular station to have
contention-free access
Asynchronous data frames use “Distributed
coordination function IFS” (DIFS) Contention Free Period (CFP) varies with the load.
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11g: Slot time = 20 us or 9 us, SIFS = 10 us, CWmin= 15 or All stations keep a “Network Allocation Vector (NAV)” timer
31, CWmax=1023 in which they record the duration of the each frame they hear.
PIFS = SIFS + 1 slot time Stations do not need to sense the channel until NAV becomes
DIFS = SIFS + 2 slot times zero.
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Summary Homework 5
Two 802.11 stations get frames to transmit at time t=0. The 3rd
station (AP) has just finished transmitting data for a long
packet at t=0 to Station 1. The transmission parameters are:
Slot time=1, SIFS=1, DIFS=3, CWmin=5, CWmax=7. Assume
that the pseudo-random number generated are 1, 3. The data
1. 802.11 uses Frequency hopping, Direct Sequence size for both stations is 3 slots. Draw a transmission diagram.
CDMA, OFDM At what time the two packets will get acknowledged assuming
2. 802.11 PHYs: 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g no new arrivals.
3. Allows both: Ad-Hoc vs. Infrastructure-based
4. 802.11 supports single FIFO Q. Uses SIFS, PIFS,
DIFS
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Reading List Wikipedia Links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN
IEEE 802.11 Tutorial, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11
http://wow.eecs.berkeley.edu/ergen/docs/ieee.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_access_method
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-sequence_spread_spectrum
A Technical Tutorial on the IEEE 802.11 Protocol,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi
http://www.sss-mag.com/pdf/802_11tut.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Coordination_Function
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_sense_multiple_access
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_Access_with_Collision_Avoidance_f
or_Wireless
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_frame
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11_(legacy_mode)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11_RTS/CTS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WLAN_channels
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Coordination_Function
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_set_(802.11_network)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Alliance
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Internet of Things,
http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-16/j_10iot.htm
Audio/Video Recordings and Podcasts of
Professor Raj Jain's Lectures,
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4-5wzNP9-ruOzQMs-8NUw
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