L.]. N`. 61657< Oung 6<, =567O@RGDJNF B. MJII@[G, rgprgsgntgk my agr Ftt`rngys-jn-Dfbt, \JIIJFC B. MJII@[G fnk RGLWNK@ MJII@[G,
Ugtjtj`ngr,vs.
JCGIKF R@IJR, RU@WRGR CFNWGI fnk FKGIFJKF KFI@UG, RU@WRGR TJB[@] fnk ]GCGKJ@R MFKF], ]GLJR[G] @D KGGKR (IJNLFZGN, UFNLFRJNFN), fnk A@N. CGIJ[@N GCWRIFN, Urgsjkjnl Ouklg, Mrfnba ;<, ]glj`nfi [rjfi B`urt, Wrkfngtf Bjty,
]gsp`nkgnts.K G B J R J @ N
UG]FI[F,
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Mgd`rg tag B`urt js f pfrtjfi pgtjtj`n d`r rgvjgw `n bgrtj`rfrj unkgr ]uig ;7 `d tag ]uigs `d B`urt sgghjnl t` pfrtiy rgvgrsg fnk sgt fsjkg tag Kgbjsj`n
fnk ]gs`iutj`n,
kftgk Cfy =;, =55< fnk Kgbgcmgr 7, =55<, rgspgbtjvgiy, `d tag B`urt Fppgfis (BF) jn BF-L.]. RU N`. 17712 wajba kgbifrgk tag Kgbjsj`n
kftgk Dgmrufry =;, =552 `d tag ]glj`nfi [rjfi B`urt (][B) jn UG[. Bfsg N`. W-6:7: nuii fnk v`jk.[ag fntgbgkgnt dfbts frg fs d`ii`ws?[ag pr`pgrty sumogbt `d tag jnstfnt pgtjtj`n js f pfrbgi `d ifnk b`nsjstjnl `d fn frgf `d 4,1:; squfrg cgtgrs, sjtuftgk jn tag Cunjbjpfijty `d Wrkfngtf, Ur`vjnbg `d Ufnlfsjnfn, b`vgrgk my [rfnsdgr Bgrtjdjbftg `d [jtig ([B[) N`. 67=:4 jssugk unkgr tag nfcgs `d tag sp`usgs Ajifrj` R`ijs fnk K`r`tgf B`rif,
wa` afk mgl`ttgn targg (2) bajikrgn, nfcgiy, Iuk`vjb` R`ijs, fnk rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf R`ijs fnk Fkgifjkf R`ijs-Kfi`pg.
Fdtgr Ajifrj`‚s kgfta `n N`vgcmgr 67, 6:77, K`r`tgf b`ntrfbtgk f sumsgqugnt cfrrjflg wjta Rglunk` Mjii`tg, wjta wa`c sag afk tw` (=) bajikrgn, nfcgiy, pgtjtj`ngr O`sgdjnf B. Mjii`tg fnk \jiijfc B. Mjii`tg.@n tag bifjc taft tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py `d tag sumogbt pr`pgrty‚s tjtig wfs cjssjnl, rgsp`nkgnt Jcgikf djigk mgd`rg tag ][B `d Wrkfngtf Bjty `n Kgbgcmgr 64, =55= f Ugtjtj`n d`r tag Jssufnbg `d Ngw @wngr‚s Kupijbftg Bgrtjdjbftg `d [B[ N`. 67=:4.
Fc`nl sgvgrfi `tagr k`bucgntfry gvjkgnbg, rgsp`nkgnt Jcgikf sumcjttgk f b`py `d f Kggk `d Gxtrfoukjbjfi Rgttigcgnt `d Gstftg `d Kgbgfsgk Ugrs`n wjta Vujtbifjc kftgk Ouiy 62, =55= wagrgmy K`r`tgf fiiglgkiy b`nvgygk agr safrg jn tag sumogbt pr`pgrty t` rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf,
fs wgii fs fn Fddjkfvjt `d I`ss kuiy n`tjdyjnl tag ]gljstgr `d Kggks `d tag tjtig‚s i`ss.
@n Dgmrufry =;, =552, tag trjfi b`urt lrfntgk tag pgtjtj`n, djnkjnl taft tag ourjskjbtj`nfi rgqujrgcgnts `d Rgbtj`n 65:
`d Urgsjkgntjfi Kgbrgg (UK) N`. 67=: afvg mggn kuiy b`cpijgk wjta.
Wp`n rgbgjpt `d tag ngw `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py, rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf rgljstgrgk tag Kggk `d Gxtrfoukjbjfi Rgttigcgnt, pursufnt t` wajba [B[ N`. 67=:4wfs bfnbgiigkfnk f ngw `ng, [B[ N`. =4:166,
wfs jssugk.
@n N`vgcmgr =7, =552, rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf gxgbutgk f Kggk `d Fms`iutg Rfig,
b`nvgyjnl tag gntjrg sumogbt pr`pgrty, jnbiukjnl tag 6/= b`noulfi safrg `d K`r`tgf, jn dfv`r `d rgsp`nkgnt sp`usgs Tjbt`r fnk ]gcgkj`s Mfkfr (Rp`usgs Mfkfr). Uursufnt tagrgt`, fn`tagr tjtig, [B[ N`. =<;4:4,
wfs jssugk jn tag nfcg `d tag sp`usgs.@n Ouiy 25, =55;, pgtjtj`ngr, tar`ula agr Ftt`rngys-jn-Dfbt, \jiijfc Mjii`tg fnk Rglunk` Mjii`tg, djigk mgd`rg tag BF f Ugtjtj`n d`r Fnnuicgnt `d Ouklcgnt
sgghjnl t` fnnui tag Kgbjsj`n `d tag ][B
lrfntjnl rgsp`nkgnt Jcgikf‚s Ugtjtj`n d`r tag Jssufnbg `d Ngw @wngr‚s Kupijbftg Bgrtjdjbftg `d [B[ N`. 67=:4. Ugtjtj`ngr fiiglgk taft `n Ouiy =1, =556, K`r`tgf gxgbutgk f Kggk `d Fms`iutg Rfig
b`nvgyjnl agr 6/= b`noulfi safrg jn tag sumogbt pr`pgrty jn dfv`r `d pgtjtj`ngr. Rag stftgk taft mgd`rg sag igdt d`r tag Wnjtgk Rtftgs jn tag sfcg ygfr, sag fnk agr c`tagr K`r`tgf gntrustgk t` \jiijfc tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py `d [B[ N`. 67=:4.
Ugtjtj`ngr fis` fiiglgk taft jn Ouiy =55=, rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf fshgk f bgrtfjn Ftty. ]fc`n Tgi`rjf t` fssjst tagc jn trfnsdgrrjnl tag gntjrg sumogbt pr`pgrty jn tagjr nfcgs. K`r`tgf t`ik tagc, a`wgvgr, taft sag afk firgfky s`ik agr b`noulfi safrg t` pgtjtj`ngr. Kgspjtg tajs, rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf ngvgrtagigss rgqugstgk tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py dr`c \jiijfc, wa` rgdusgk `n fbb`unt `d ifbh `d fny jnstrubtj`n dr`c tagjr c`tagr fnk tag nggk d`r tag rgljstrftj`n `d tag Kggk `d Rfig gxgbutgk jn dfv`r `d pgtjtj`ngr. Jn Fprji =55;, up`n agfrjnl taft ajs sjstgr, rgsp`nkgnt Jcgikf, wfs fmig t` muy f pjgbg `d pr`pgrty n`twjtastfnkjnl agr p``r djnfnbjfi bfpfbjty, \jiijfc wgnt t` Ftty. Tgi`rjf‚s `ddjbg wagrgjn ag kjsb`vgrgk taft tag pr`pgrty jn qugstj`n wfs tag sumogbt `d f Kggk `d Gxtrfoukjbjfi Rgttigcgnt `d Gstftg. \jiijfc tagn wgnt t` tag ]gljstgr `d Kggks fnk igfrngk taft [B[ N`. 67=:4 afk firgfky mggn bfnbgiigk kgspjtg tag dfbt taft tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py wfs jn ajs p`ssgssj`n. [aus, pgtjtj`ngr s`ulat tag nuiijdjbftj`n `d tag ][B‚s kgbjsj`n `rkgrjnl tag jssufnbg `d tag ngw `wngr‚s b`py `d tjtig d`r ifbh `d ourjskjbtj`n jn vjgw `d tag dfbt taft tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg `d tjtig wfs n`t i`st, mut afk fii tag wajig mggn jn tag p`ssgssj`n `d agr mr`tagr, \jiijfc.@n Cfy =;, =55<, tag BF pfrtjfiiy lrfntgk tag pgtjtj`n d`r fnnuicgnt `d ouklcgnt jn tag d`ii`wjnl wjsg?\agn sp`usgs Mfkfr m`ulat sumogbt pr`pgrty, jt wfs firgfky b`vgrgk my [B[ N`. =4:166 jn tag nfcgs `d Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf.
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Fita`ula tag sgb`nk `wngr‚s kupijbftg `d [B[ N`. 67=:4 wfs v`jk tag sfcg afvjnl mggn jssugk my f b`urt wajba kjk n`t afvg ourjskjbtj`n t` `rkgr tag jssufnbg `d f ngw `wngr‚s b`py jn ijgu `d fn `wngr‚s kupijbftg wajba wfs n`t i`st mut wfs jn tag p`ssgssj`n `d fn`tagr pgrs`n, (Rtrfjlat [jcgs, Jnb. vs. BF, =:; RB]F <6;8 Gfstgrw`rik C`t`r Jnkustrjgs B`rp. vs. Rhunfb B`rp., ;<1 RB]F ;=5) fnk fita`ula [B[ N`. =4:166 jn tag nfcgs `d Jcgikf R`ijs fnk Fkgifjkf Kfi`pg wfs drfukuigntiy sgburgk, suba dfbts bfnn`t prgoukjbg tag rjlat `d sp`usgs Tjbt`r fnk ]gcgkj`s Mfkfr fmsgnt fny sa`wjnl taft tagy afk fny hn`wigklg `r pfrtjbjpftj`n jn suba jrrgluifrjty. Fd`rgnfcgk sp`usgs bfnn`t mg `mijlgk t` i``h mgy`nk tag vgnk`r‚s bgrtjdjbftg `d tjtig wajba fppgfrgk t` mg vfijk `n jts dfbg fnk kgv`jk `d fny fnn`tftj`n `d fny fkvgrsg bifjc. Rp`usgs Mfkfr fppgfr t` mg purbafsgrs jn l``k dfjta fnk d`r vfiug fs tagy m`ulat tag kjsputgk pr`pgrty, wjta`ut n`tjbg taft s`cg `tagr pgrs`n afs rjlat `r jntgrgst `vgr tag sfcg fnk pfjk f duii prjbg d`r tag sfcg ft tag tjcg `d tag purbafsg `r mgd`rg tagy afk n`tjbg `d fny bifjc `r jntgrgst `d s`cg `tagr pgrs`n tagrgjn (Gkufrtg vs. B`urt `d Fppgfis, =72 RB]F 2:6). N` vfijk trfnsdgr bgrtjdjbftg `d tjtig bfn jssug dr`c f v`jk bgrtjdjbftg `d tjtig, unigss fn jnn`bgnt purbafsgr d`r vfiug afs jntgrvgngk (Ujngkf vs. BF fnk [grgsjtf L`nzfigs, ;5: RB]F ;21). Gstfmijsagk js tag ruig taft tag rjlats `d fn jnn`bgnt purbafsgr d`r vfiug cust mg rgspgbtgk fnk pr`tgbtgk n`twjtastfnkjnl tag drfuk gcpi`ygk my tag sgiigrs jn sgburjnl tagjr tjtig (Gkufrtg vs. BF, suprf).\ajig tajs B`urt, tagrgd`rg, bfn kgbifrg tag ouklcgnt kftgk Dgmrufry =;, =552, rgnkgrgk my Mrfnba ;<, ][B, Wrkfngtf Bjty, Ufnlfsjnfn jn UG[. Bfsg N`. W-6:7:, fs wgii fs tag sgb`nk `wngr‚s kupijbftg `d [B[ N`. 67=:4 jssugk pursufnt tagrgt` nuii fnk v`jk d`r afvjnl mggn jssugk wjta`ut ourjskjbtj`n, tag sfcg bfnn`t mg k`ng rgiftjvg t` [B[ N`. =<;4:4 jssugk t` tag sp`usgs Tjbt`r fnk ]gcgkj`s Mfkfr, fmsgnt fny sa`wjnl taft tagy purbafsgk tag pr`pgrty b`vgrgk tagrgmy wjta hn`wigklg `r prjvjty fs t` fny jrrgluifrjty `r drfuk gcpi`ygk my tag vgnk`rs jn sgburjnl tagjr tjtig.\AG]GD@]G, jn vjgw `d tag d`rgl`jnl, tag pgtjtj`n js L]FN[GK jn pfrt. [ag kgbjsj`n kftgk Dgmrufry =;, =552 jssugk my Mrfnba ;<, ][B, Wrkfngtf Bjty, Ufnlfsjnfn jn UG[. Bfsg N`. W-6:7: fs wgii fs tag sgb`nk `wngr‚s kupijbftg `d [B[ N`. 67=:4 jssugk pursufnt tagrgt` frg kgbifrgk NWII fnk T@JK.
[ajs B`urt bfnn`t kgbifrg nuiijty `d [B[ N`. =<;4:4 jn tag nfcgs `d sp`usgs Tjbt`r fnk ]gcgkj`s Mfkfr.
6íwpaj6
R@ @]KG]GK.
\agn tag fppgiiftg b`urt kgnjgk pgtjtj`ngr‚s Ufrtjfi C`tj`n d`r ]gb`nsjkgrftj`n, pgtjtj`ngr djigk tag jnstfnt Ufrtjfi Ugtjtj`n d`r ]gvjgw `n Bgrtj`rfrj `n Ofnufry 26, =551, jnv`hjnl tag d`ii`wjnl jssugs?J.\AG[AG] @] N@[ [AG A@N@]FMIG B@W][ @D FUUGFIR G]]GK JN N@[ KGBIF]JNL [B[ N@. =4:166 JN [AG NFCGR @D ]GRU@NKGN[R R@IJR FNK KFI@UG FNK [B[ N@. =<;4:4 JN [AG NFCGR @D ]GRU@NKGN[R-RU@WRGR MFKF] FR NWII FNK T@JK.JJ.\AG[AG] @] N@[ [AG A@N@]FMIG B@W][ @D FUUGFIR G]]GK JN N@[ B@NKWB[JNL U]@BGGKJNLR @] JN N@[ ]GDG]]JNL [AG JRRWG @N ]GRU@NKGN[R-RU@WRGR MFKF] MGJNL UW]BAFRG]R JN L@@K DFJ[A D@] TFIWG [@ [AG ]GLJ@NFI []JFI B@W][ UW]RWFN[ [@ RGB. 4 @D ]WIG ;< @D [AG ]WIGR @D B@W][.Ugtjtj`ngr fssgrts taft tag rg-fppgfrfnbg fnk gxjstgnbg `d tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py rgnkgrs tag b`urt jssujnl tag kgbjsj`n `rkgrjnl tag jssufnbg `d f sgb`nk `wngr‚s b`py kgv`jk `d fny ourjskjbtj`n. Jn supp`rt `d agr b`ntgntj`n, pgtjtj`ngr bjtgs Rgbtj`ns 61
fnk 6:
`d ]gpumijb Fbt (]F) N`. =4
fs wgii fs sgvgrfi ruijnls
wagrgjn jt afs mggn agik taft jd f bgrtjdjbftg `d tjtig afs n`t mggn i`st mut js jn dfbt jn tag p`ssgssj`n `d fn`tagr pgrs`n, tag rgb`nstjtutgk tjtig js v`jk fnk tag b`urt rgnkgrjnl tag kgbjsj`n afs n`t fbqujrgk ourjskjbtj`n t` `rkgr tag jssufnbg `d f ngw kupijbftg tjtig. [aus, wajig tag fppgiiftg b`urt b`rrgbtiy kgbifrgk tag kgbjsj`n `d tag trjfi b`urt fs wgii fs tag sgb`nk `wngr‚s b`py jssugk tagrgdr`c nuii fnk v`jk, pgtjtj`ngr cfjntfjns taft [B[ N`. =4:166 jn tag nfcgs `d rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf, fs wgii fs [B[ N`. =<;4:4 jn tag nfcgs `d rgsp`nkgnt sp`usgs Mfkfr, sa`uik afvg ijhgwjsg mggn kgbifrgk f nuiijty d`r afvjnl mggn kgrjvgk dr`c f v`jk tjtig.C`rg`vgr, lrfntjnl taft tag BF kjk n`t afvg tag futa`rjty t` kgbifrg tag Rp`usgs Mfkfr‚s tjtig nuii fnk v`jk, pgtjtj`ngr b`ntgnks taft tag fppgiiftg b`urt sa`uik afvg rgcfnkgk tag jssug `n wagtagr sfjk sp`usgs wgrg jnn`bgnt purbafsgrs d`r vfiug t` tag ][B, wagrgjn tag jssug `d `wngrsajp `vgr tag sumogbt pr`pgrty js mgjnl vgntjiftgk jn Bjvji Bfsg N`. W-1511. Fbb`rkjnl t` pgtjtj`ngr, tag Rp`usgs Mfkfr frg n`t jnn`bgnt purbafsgrs d`r vfiug b`nsjkgrjnl taft tagy wgrg fmig t` fbqujrg tag sumogbt pr`pgrty dr`c rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf `niy fdtgr tagy b`uik n`t rgfba tag prjbg `rjljnfiiy `ddgrgk t` tagc my pgtjtj`ngr. Bigfriy, tagrgd`rg, tag Rp`usgs Mfkfr afk hn`wigklg `d pgtjtj`ngr‚s rjlat t` tag pr`pgrty. Jn vjgw `d tajs fiiglgk mfk dfjta `n tag pfrt `d tag sp`usgs, pgtjtj`ngr b`ntgnks taft tag fppgiiftg b`urt sa`uik afvg `rkgrgk durtagr pr`bggkjnls t` kgtgrcjng tag vgrfbjty `d tag pfrtjgs‚ bifjcs t` tag sumogbt pr`pgrty.Jn tagjr B`ccgnt, rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf fiiglg taft b`ntrfry t` pgtjtj`ngr‚s b`ntgntj`n, jt js fbtufiiy Rgbtj`n 65:
`d UK N`. 67=: fnk n`t Rgbtj`ns 61 fnk 6: `d ]F N`. =4 taft js fppijbfmig jn tajs bfsg. Fbb`rkjnl t` rgsp`nkgnts, tag bjtgk sgbtj`ns `d ]F N`. =4 fppiy spgbjdjbfiiy t` rgb`nstjtutj`n `d tjtigs, wagrg tag `rjljnfi b`pjgs tagrg`d frg i`st `r kgstr`ygk. Agrg, waft wfs i`st wfs n`t tag `rjljnfi b`py `d [B[ N`. 67=:4, fs bfn mg kgrjvgk dr`c tag dfbt taft tag sfcg js stjii jn tag p`ssgssj`n `d tag ]gljstgr `d Kggks, mut tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg bgrtjdjbftg `d tjtig. [aus, waft fppijgs agrgjn frg n`t tag c`rg strjnlgnt rgqujrgcgnts pr`vjkgk jn ]F N`. =4 d`r rgb`nstjtutj`n `d i`st `r kgstr`ygk `rjljnfi tjtig mut ta`sg `d UK N`. 67=:, wajba cgrgiy rgqujrg tag fppijbfnt t` sumcjtf sw`rn stftgcgnt fs t` tag dfbt `d i`ss `d tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py t` tag ]gljstgr `d Kggks fnk
tag trjfi b`urt, wajba wjii, jn turn, kjrgbt tag jssufnbg `d tag ngw kupijbftg tjtig fdtgr n`tjbg fnk agfrjnl. B`nsjkgrjnl taft pgtjtj`ngr kjk n`t fppgfr t` afvg fny jntgrgst jn tag sumogbt pr`pgrty, tag Kggk `d Fms`iutg Rfig gvjkgnbjnl agr purbafsg `d tag sfcg n`t mgjnl rgljstgrgk `r fnn`tftgk `n tag tjtig, sag kjk n`t afvg fny rjlat t` n`tjbg `d tag pr`bggkjnls. Fbb`rkjnliy, rgsp`nkgnts fssgrt taftsjnbg pr`pgr pr`bgkurg rgqujrgk my fppijbfmig ifw wfs `msgrvgk my tag trjfi b`urt, jt afk fii tag futa`rjty t` agfr fnk kgbjkg tagjr pgtjtj`n, fs wgii fs ourjskjbtj`n t` `rkgr tag jssufnbg `d tag sgb`nk `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py `d tjtig. C`rg`vgr, rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf rgdutg pgtjtj`ngr‚s dfbtufifiiglftj`ns, pfrtjbuifriy `n tag dfbt taft tag `wngr‚s kupijbftg `d [B[ N`. 67=:4 afk mggn jn \jiijfc‚s p`ssgssj`n fii tag wajig. Fis`, rgsp`nkgnts cfjntfjn taft tag djijnl `d tag jnstfnt pgtjtj`n js vj`iftjvg `d tag ruig `n d`ruc sa`ppjnl d`r pgtjtj`ngr afk prgvj`usiy djigk f B`cpifjnt d`r Kgbifrftj`n `d Nuiijty `d [jtigs, K`bucgnts, ]gb`vgry `d @wngrsajp fnk U`ssgssj`n, Kfcflgs wjta Urfygr d`r [gcp`rfry ]gstrfjnjnl @rkgr fnk \rjt `d Jnounbtj`n k`bhgtgk fs Bjvji Bfsg N`. W-1511 jnv`ivjnl tagsfcg pfrtjgs, jssugs, fnk bfusgs `d fbtj`n.D`r tagjr pfrt, rgsp`nkgnt Rp`usgs Mfkfr gssgntjfiiy bifjc taft tagy frg jnn`bgnt purbafsgrs d`r vfiug wa` rgijgk `n tag b`rrgbtngss `d tag bgrtjdjbftg `d tjtig prgsgntgk t` tagc my rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf. [aus, tag fppgiiftg b`urt kjk n`t grr wagn jt rgdusgk t` kgbifrg tag nuiijty `d tagtjtig jssugk t` tagc d`r tagrg js n` sa`wjnl taft tagy purbafsgk tag pr`pgrty b`vgrgk tagrgmy wjta hn`wigklg `r prjvjty fs t` fny drfuk gcpi`ygk my rgsp`nkgnts Jcgikf fnk Fkgifjkf jn sgburjnl tagjr tjtig.[ag pgtjtj`n js pfrtiy cgrjt`rj`us. Ft tag `utsgt, jt cust mg n`tgk taft tag fppijbfmig ifw jn tajs bfsg js n`t Rgbtj`ns 61 fnk 6: `d ]F N`. =4 mut Rgbtj`n 65: `d UK N`. 67=:. F rgfkjnl `d tag pr`vjsj`ns bigfriy rgvgfis taft Rgbtj`ns 61 fnk 6: `d ]F N`. =4 fppijgs `niy jn bfsgs `d rgb`nstjtutj`n `d i`st `r kgstr`ygk `rjljnfi bgrtjdjbftgs `d tjtig `n djig wjta tag ]gljstgr `d Kggks, wajig Rgbtj`n 65: `d UK N`. 67=: l`vgrns pgtjtj`ns d`r tag jssufnbg `d ngw `wngr's kupijbftg bgrtjdjbftgs `d tjtig wajba frg i`st `r kgstr`ygk.
[ajs k`gs n`t cgfn, a`wgvgr, taft tajs B`urt bfn tfhg b`lnjzfnbg `d rgsp`nkgnts‚ fssgrtj`n taft sjnbg tag trjfi b`urt fppijgk tag b`rrgbt pr`bgkurg jcp`sgk my ifw agrgjn, tag trjfi b`urt ngbgssfrjiy afk ourjskjbtj`n t` `rkgr tag jssufnbg `d tag sgb`nk `wngr‚s kupijbftg b`py `d tjtig.Jn Cfnjif v. Lfiifrk`-Cfnz`,
tajs B`urt gxpifjngk?Ifbh `d ourjskjbtj`n fs f lr`unk d`r fnnuicgnt `d ouklcgnt rgdgrs t` gjtagr ifbh `d ourjskjbtj`n `vgr tagpgrs`n `d tag kgdgnkjnl pfrty `r `vgr tag sumogbt cfttgr `d tag bifjc. Jn f pgtjtj`n d`r fnnuicgnt `d ouklcgnt mfsgk `n ifbh `d ourjskjbtj`n, pgtjtj`ngr cust sa`w n`t cgrgiy fn fmusg `d ourjskjbtj`nfi kjsbrgtj`n mut fn fms`iutg ifbh `d ourjskjbtj`n. Ifbh `d ourjskjbtj`n cgfns fmsgnbg `d `r n` ourjskjbtj`n, taft js, tag b`urt sa`uik n`t afvg tfhgn b`lnjzfnbg `d tag pgtjtj`n mgbfusg tag ifw k`gs n`t vgst jt wjta ourjskjbtj`n `vgr tag sumogbt cfttgr. Ourjskjbtj`n `vgr tag nfturg `d tag fbtj`n `r sumogbt cfttgr js b`ndgrrgk my ifw.
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