Gonzales Vs Comelec

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GONZALES vs COMELEC

TOPIC: Proposal for Amendment of Constitution – by Constitutional Convention

FACTS

On May 16, 1967, the Congress passed three resolutions simultaneously, as follows:
(1) Proposing an amendment to the Constitution so as to increase the members of the House of
Representatives from the current maximum of 120 to 180.
(2) Calling for a convention to propose amendments to the Constitution
(Convention to be composed of two elective delegates from each representative district to be
elected in general elections)
(3) Proposing another amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize members of Congress to
run as delegates to the aforementioned Constitutional Convention without forfeiting their seats
in Congress

Subsequently, Congress passed a bill, which upon approval by the President, became R.A. 4913, proposing
that the amendments to the Constitution proposed in the mentioned Resolutions Nos. 1 and 3 be submitted,
for the approval of the people, at the general elections.

Thus, this consolidated case filed separately by Gonzales and PHILCONSA assailing fo the declaration of
nullity of R.A. 4913 and Resolution Nos. 1 and 3.

ISSUE

Whether or not the congress can simultaneously propose amendments to the Constitution and call for the
holding of a Constitutional convention.

HELD

Yes.
The Congress can directly propose amendments to the Constitution and at the same time call for the holding
of a Constitutional Convention to propose amendments.

The power to amend the Constitution or to propose amendments thereto is not included in the general
grant of legislative powers to Congress. It is part of the inherent powers of the people – as the repository
of sovereignty in a republican state, such as ours – to make and hence, to amend their own Fundamental
Law. Congress may propose amendments to the Constitution merely because the same explicitly grants
such power. Hence, when exercising the same, it is said that the Senators and Members of House of
Representatives act, not as members of Congress, but as component elements of a constituent assembly.
When acting as such, the members of Congress derive their authority from the Constitution, unlike the
people, when performing the same function, for their authority does not emanate from the Constitution –
they are the very source of all powers of government, including the Constitution itself.

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