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Math Tricks: Multiply Up To 19x19 in You Head

This document provides methods for mentally multiplying multi-digit numbers without using paper or a calculator. It explains how to multiply numbers up to 19x19 by manipulating the digits. For larger numbers, it describes a method that breaks the numbers into cells and multiplies the digits in each cell, carrying values to the next step. This process is demonstrated for multiplying numbers with 2, 3 and 4 digits.

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Ramesh Gupta
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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100 views

Math Tricks: Multiply Up To 19x19 in You Head

This document provides methods for mentally multiplying multi-digit numbers without using paper or a calculator. It explains how to multiply numbers up to 19x19 by manipulating the digits. For larger numbers, it describes a method that breaks the numbers into cells and multiplies the digits in each cell, carrying values to the next step. This process is demonstrated for multiplying numbers with 2, 3 and 4 digits.

Uploaded by

Ramesh Gupta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math Tricks
Multiply up to 19x19 in you head.
This is a useful bit of mental arithmatic that is worth remembering, it allows you multiply up to
19 x 19 without the use of a calculator or paper and pencil.
For example consider 19 x 17. Imagine the larger number on the top row and take the last digit of
the lower number ie. 7 and add it to 19. 19 + 7 =26.
Multiply the 26 x 10 = 260.
Take the unit digits (9 x 7) = 63 and add them to the 260
260 + 63 = 323.
Multiplication of Larger Numbers
This trick allows you to multiply large numbers together by using simple mulptiplication and
additions. To take a simple example, if we want to multiply 26 by 72. We write the numbers
down in the normal way.
26
72
Each of the numbers can be thought of being in one of four cells arranged in a square.
26
72
The first step is to multiply the digits in the first column. (6 x 2 = 12)
If there it is greater than 9 remember the value of the tens digits. In this case write down the 2
and remember the 1.
Multiply the two diagonals and add them together. So from the top left to the bottom right and
the bottom left and top right. (2 x 2) + (6 x 7) = 4 + 42 = 46. Add the from the last stage = 47. So
we write the 7 and remember the 4.
Finally we multiply the right hand column. (2 x 7) = 14 and add the 4 from the last step. = 18.
Our answer is then 1872.
Three digits numbers
468
526
We start in the same way, 6 x 8 = 48. Write, 8 and remember, 4.
(6 x 6) + (2 x 8) = 36 + 16 = 52. Don't forget to add the 4 = 56. Write down the 6 and remember
the 5.
Now for the third digit we have three small numbers to multiply and sum. Starting from the (4 x
6) + (2 x 6) + (5 x 8) = 24 + 12 + 40 = 76. And 5 from the previous step, 81. Write the 1 and
remember the 8.
We go back to using the 2 x 2 cells but this time on the left. So, (4 x 2) + (5 x 6) = 8 + 30 = 38
and 8 from the previous step = 46. So write 5 and remember 4.
Finally, the leftmost column, (4 x 5) = 20. Plus 4 = 24.
The answer is then: 246168.
You could go on and multiply four numbers in a similar way.
Four Digit Numbers
Now you should be getting the idea, we use this rather contrived example for 4 digit numbers so
it is clear which numbers are being multiplied and just show the working out. We also introduce
the notation of w to mean the number which you write down and c to be the number that you
carry.
1234
5678
(4 x 8) = 32 = w 2, c 3.
(3 x 8) + (7 x 4) = 52. 52 + 3 = 55. w 5, c 5.
(2 x 8) + (6 x 4) + (3 x 7) = 61. 61 + 5 = 66. w 6, c 6
(1 x 8) + (5 x 4) + (2 x 7) + (6 x 3) = 60. 60 + 6 = 66. w 6, c 6
(1 x 7) + (5 x 3) + (2 x 6) = 34. 34 + 6 = 40. w 0, c 4
(1 x 6) + (5 x 2) = 16. 16 + 4 = 20. w 0, c 2
(1 x 5) = 5. 5 + 2 = 7
Answer: 7,006,652

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