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examples:
• Will a precipitate form when 150 mL of 0.10 M Pb(NO3)2 are combined with 100 mL of 0.20 M NaCl?
PbCl2 (s) £ Pb2+ (aq) + 2 Cl— (aq); Ksp = 1.2 x 10—5
mol Pb2+ (aq) = (0.150 L sol'n)(0.10 mol Pb2+/L sol'n) = 0.015 mol Pb2+
[Pb2+] = 0.015 mol/0.250 L = 0.060 M
mol Cl (aq) = 0.100 L sol'n)(0.20 mol Cl—/L sol'n) = 0.020 mol Cl—
—
• What minimum concentration of Na2CO3 (aq) is required to cause precipitation of BaCO3 (s) from a solution of 1.0 x 10—5
M BaCl2 (aq)?
BaCO3 (s) £ Ba2+ (aq) + CO32— (aq); Ksp = 2.6 x 10—9
logic: At the point where Q = Ksp the solution is at equilibrium. Calculate the concentration of CO32— that will satisfy this
relationship:
Q = [Ba2+][CO32—]; 2.6 x 10—9 = 1.0 x 10—5[CO32—]
[CO32—] = 2.6 x 10—4 M
This is the concentration of Na2CO3 that will result in a saturated solution (solid and ions in equilibrium). SO . . . any
[Na2CO3] greater than 2.6 x 10—4 M will result in Q > Ksp and precipitation of BaCO3.
• What compound, if any, will precipitate when 80.0 mL of 1.0 x 10—5 M Ba(OH)2 (aq) is added to 20.0 mL 1.0 x 10—5 M
Fe2(SO4)3?
BaSO4 (s) £ Ba2+ (aq) + SO42— (aq); Ksp = 1.1 x 10—10
Fe(OH)3 (s) £ Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH— (aq); Ksp = 2.6 x 10—39
mol Ba = 0.0800 L sol'n(1.0 x 10—5 mol Ba2+/L sol'n) = 8.0 x 10—7 mol Ba2+
2+