Focgb5 Ak GQ 2

GRAMMAR QUIZ 2 • ANSWER KEY
Group A Group B
Speculating Speculating
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
1 A: must have felt – Deduction about a past situation 1 B: could have been – Speculation about a state in
(near certainty) supported by the second sentence the past (possibility) supported by a reference to a
(you looked so pale). past activity (she didn’t answer the question).
2 A: can’t have completed – Deduction about a 2 C: can’t have revised – Deduction about the past
past activity (near certainty) supported by the (near certainty) supported by the second part of the
second sentence (there hasn't been enough sentence (he failed the exam).
time). 3 A: could be preparing – Speculation about an activity
3 B: must have been created – Deduction about a in progress at the moment of speaking (possibility)
past passive activity (near certainty) supported by supported by the second part of the sentence (they are
the first sentence (the art studio … is very old). practising).
4 A: may be trying to revise – Speculation about an 4 B: must have been written – Deduction about a past
activity in progress at the moment of speaking passive activity (near certainty) supported by the
(possibility) supported by the second sentence (that's second part of the sentence (they were so hard); the
why he's not answering the phone). word questions as the subject of the sentence
5 B: may not realise it – Speculation about a requires the use of the passive.
present activity (possibility). 5 B: may not have – Speculation about a present state
6 A: will probably join: Prediction for the future (possibility) supported by the first part of the sentence
strengthened by the use of the adverb probably, which (we don’t know enough).
is placed between the auxiliary verb will and the main 6 A: definitely won’t teach – Promise not to do something
verb. in the future strengthened by the use of the adverb
7 C: may sound – Speculation about a present activity definitely; if the contracted form is used, the verb goes
(possibility); the verb sound is a state verb in this before the whole contracted form.
context and doesn’t have a continuous form. 7 B: may look – Speculation about a present activity
Exercise 2 (possibility); the verb look is a state verb in this
1 must have practised / must have been practising context and doesn’t have a continuous form.
for: Deduction about the past (near certainty); a Exercise 2
long time suggests an activity that started in the 1 may have studied: Speculation about a past activity
past (before achieving this level of proficiency) (possibility) resulting in and supported by present
and either continuation (must have been evidence (the new lecturer speaks several
practising) or overall duration of the activity (must languages very well).
have practised). 2 can’t have been doing this for: Deduction about the
2 may (not) have found: Speculation about the past past activity (near certainty), continuing in the
(possibility); by now suggests completion of the activity present supported by present evidence (he’s not
(may have found). exactly good at it) and the use of for a long time
3 must have been lent to: Deduction about the past requiring the perfect form.
(near certainty) supported by the question in the past 3 must have been established: Deduction about a past
preceding it; additionally, passive perfect infinitive is passive activity (near certainty) supported by the use of
used (have been lent) as it/the equipment is the the past forms in the sentences that follow; the word
subject of the sentence. school as the subject of the sentence requires the use
4 can’t have learned: Deduction about a past activity of the passive.
(near certainty) supported by the question in the 4 must have taught her to / must have been teaching
past following it (Did someone ...?). her to: Deduction about the past activity (near
certainty) which started in the past (before achieving
this level of proficiency) and stressing either its
continuation (must have been teaching) or overall
duration of the activity (must have taught).
© Pearson 2017 FOCUS 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE

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GRAMMAR QUIZ 2 • ANSWER KEY

© Pearson 2017 FOCUS 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE

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