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    Lab 4: Seismic Refraction

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    Suquitho
    This document analyzes seismic refraction data collected in MATLAB. The author plots the travel time versus distance data and calculates the reduced time. Crossover distances between arrivals are identified from the graph. Without calculations, the arrival speeds are qualitatively assessed from the reduced velocity graph. Equations for the straight line segments are determined and used to calculate the velocity and thickness of each subsurface layer. Considering the calculated velocities, plausible rock types for each layer are suggested in a table as limestone, anhydrite, and gabbro.

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    Lab 4: Seismic Refraction

    Uploaded by

    Suquitho
    43 views4 pages
    This document analyzes seismic refraction data collected in MATLAB. The author plots the travel time versus distance data and calculates the reduced time. Crossover distances between arrivals are identified from the graph. Without calculations, the arrival speeds are qualitatively assessed from the reduced velocity graph. Equations for the straight line segments are determined and used to calculate the velocity and thickness of each subsurface layer. Considering the calculated velocities, plausible rock types for each layer are suggested in a table as limestone, anhydrite, and gabbro.

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    Seismology

    Original Title

    REASCOS_Lab4

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    This document analyzes seismic refraction data collected in MATLAB. The author plots the travel time versus distance data and calculates the reduced time. Crossover distances between arrivals are identified from the graph. Without calculations, the arrival speeds are qualitatively assessed from the reduced velocity graph. Equations for the straight line segments are determined and used to calculate the velocity and thickness of each subsurface layer. Considering the calculated velocities, plausible rock types for each layer are suggested in a table as limestone, anhydrite, and gabbro.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views4 pages

    Lab 4: Seismic Refraction

    Uploaded by

    Suquitho
    This document analyzes seismic refraction data collected in MATLAB. The author plots the travel time versus distance data and calculates the reduced time. Crossover distances between arrivals are identified from the graph. Without calculations, the arrival speeds are qualitatively assessed from the reduced velocity graph. Equations for the straight line segments are determined and used to calculate the velocity and thickness of each subsurface layer. Considering the calculated velocities, plausible rock types for each layer are suggested in a table as limestone, anhydrite, and gabbro.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Seismology

    Harvey Andrés Reascos Recalde

    Professor: PhD. Anna Foster

    Date: April 4, 2019

    Lab 4: Seismic Refraction

    Section 2: Analyzing seismic data in MATLAB (or your program of choice – just show your work
    and results)
    i) All the code I used in Matlab for each exercise is showed in the next picture. Also, I attached the
    file .m in the mail.

    ii)Make a graph of time (Y axis) versus distance (X-axis) using blue asterisks. Add the names of the
    axes (don’t forget units) and an appropriate title. Save the graphic in JPG or PDF format.
    Figure 1 Plot of travel time vs. distance.

    iii) Calculate the reduced time for all data using a reduction speed of 5.0 km/s (≡m/ms) and save
    the results in a new variable. Graph the resulting data (reduced time on the Y axis, distance on the
    X axis) using red crosses (« + »). Save the plot in JPG or PDF format.

    Figure 2 Plot of the reduced time vs. distance.


    iv) Use the graph to identify the crossover distances between the different arrivals. Note the
    values in your report.
    The crossovers I noted in the graph were approximately:
    1. 500m – 200s = (x, y)
    2. 2000m – 600s = (x, y)
    3. 3000m – 800s = (x, y)
    v)WITHOUT CALCULATIONS, what can be deduced concerning arrival speeds, considering the
    reduction velocity used?
    I can see that the velocity of the arrival speed in the graph of reduction velocity are:
    - The two first have a positive apparent gradient velocity because their inclination to the northeast.
    It means that the velocity is less than the reduction velocity.
    - The other two have negative apparent gradient velocity because their inclination to the southeast.
    It means that the velocity is greater than the reduction velocity.
    vi) For each new data segment, find the equation of the straight line that represents the arrivals
    for the distance data and the original time (NOT THE REDUCED TIME!). Write MATLAB's
    answer and the algebraic form of each equation in your re6port. Save the slope and the intercept
    in new variables.
    First segment: y = 0.4x
    Second segment: y = 0.2632x + 72.2345
    Third segment: y = 0.1960x + 210.3020
    Fourth segment: y = 0.1471x + 355.3376
    vii) Use the line equations to find the seismic velocities of each layer. Include the values in your
    report. Note that you must use the variables created in section (vii) and not the numeric values
    displayed on the screen (because of rounding done for display). Are they consistent with your
    qualitative estimates from question (vi)? Justify your answer.
    I know that the slope = 1/V, so, V=1/slope. In the equations of vii) I have my slope for all cases, and I only
    have to substitute the values in the formula to obtain my velocities.
    Surface velocity: V1 = 1/0.4 = 2.5 m/ms
    First layer velocity: V2 = 1/0.2632 = 3.79 m/ms
    Second layer velocity: V3 = 1/0.1960 = 5.10 m/ms
    Third layer velocity: V4 = 1/0.1471 = 6.79 m/ms
    My results are consistent with the estimations in question vi.
    viii) Use the line equations to find the thickness of each layer, starting with the first layer, followed
    by the successively deeper layers. Note that you must use the variables created in section (vii) and not
    the numeric values displayed on the screen (because of rounding done for display).
    I obtain the next thickness for each layer:
    First layer: h0 = 120.1362 m
    Second layer: h1 = 358.3391 m
    Third layer: h2 = 421.3352 m
    Formulas used in Matlab, with the variables (Fig. 1)

    Figure 3 Values and formulas used to make the calculus.

    ix) Considering the table provided at the end of this document, suggest what types of rocks may
    be present in the sub-surface (1 plausible type for each layer, you might present this in a small table
    or diagram of the structure).
    To know the types of rocks that can be present in the sub-surface, I use the values for the velocities without
    taking into account the V1 because it seems to the direct wave and it doesn’t to the layers.

    Layer Velocity (m/ms) Rock Type


    3.79 Limestones
    5.10 Anhydrite
    6.79 Gabbro

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