International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Impact Factor (2012): 3.358

Simulation Study of Boost Converter with Various

Control Techniques
Rajendra Meena1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

Abstract: We study in this project the design of controller for the boost converter is perceived as an optimization task and the
controller constants are estimated through evolutionary search algorithm. Initially the designs of PID controller parameters for the
boost converter were designed based on the conventional. The design of PID controller parameters for the boost converter was finished.
By observing the rise time.

Keywords: algorithms, PID controller, converter, PID compensator, Particle Swarm Optimization:

1. Introduction
Boost converters provide an output voltage higher than the
input voltage and are increasingly employed as front end
converters for battery sources, photovoltaic solar systems,
and fuel cells. When boost converter is employed in open
loop mode, it exhibits poor voltage regulation and
unsatisfactory dynamic response, and hence, this converter is
generally provided with closed loop control for output
voltage regulation. The mode of operation of the converter
varies from ON to OFF state of the power switch and Figure 1: Block diagram of boost converter
traditionally small signal linearization techniques have
largely been employed for controller design. The electrical 2.1 Controller
energy is converted at the utilization end to required forms
of energy. There arises a need for an interface between the The major element of the feedback control of DC power
available source of electrical power and the utilization supplies is available in IC SG3524. The PWM IC control
equipment. In most situations, the source of available power circuit has been used for the hardware implementation. This
and the condition under which the load demands power are monolithic integrated circuit contains all the control circuitry
incompatible with each other. Large number of power for a regulating power supply inverter or switching
converters are being utilized in various industrial regulator. Included in a 16 pin dual-in-line package is the
applications. voltage reference, error amplifier, oscillator, pulse-width
modulator, pulse steering flip-flop, dual alternating output
2. Boost Converter switches and current limiting and shut down circuitry.

A DC – DC boost converter is used which consists of boost 2.2 PID Controller

inductor, diode, MOSFET used as a switch, output filter
capacitance and resistive load. When supply voltage is This introduction will show you the characteristics of the
given, inductor current increases when the switch is closed. each of proportional (P), the integral (I), and the derivative
When the switch is opened, both inductor voltage and supply (D) controls, and how to use them to obtain a desired
voltage gets discharged through the load. Hence a higher response. In this tutorial, we will consider the following
voltage at the output is obtained than the given input voltage. unity feedback system

The schematic block diagram of traditional boost converter The transfer function of the most basic form of PID
is shown in fig1.It consists of constant input voltage Vs controller, as we use in ME475, is
.Boost converter is connected between the supply and the
load. To maintain constant output voltage a capacitor is
connected to the load. The feedback is provided by the Where KP = Proportional gain, KI = Integral gain and
controller connected to the output of the boost converter. KD =Derivative gain.

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Paper ID: SEP1452 74
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
2.3 PID parameters affect on system dynamics: 2) Second Method:-
The steps for tuning a PID controller via the 2nd method is
 Rise Time: as follows:
 Overshoot: Using only proportional feedback control:
 Settling Time 1) Reduce the integrator and derivative gains to 0.
 Steady-state Error: 2) Increase Kp from 0 to some critical value Kp=Kcr at
which sustained oscillations occur. If it does not occur
2.4 Ziegler-Nichols Method then another method has to be applied.
3) Note the value Kcr and the corresponding period of
PID controllers are probably the most commonly used sustained oscillation, Pcr
controller structures in industry. The PID controller
encapsulates three of the most important controller structures The controller gains are now specified as follows:
in a single package. The parallel form of a PID controller PID Type Kp Ti Td
(see Figure 1) has transfer function: P 0.5Kcr ∞ 0
PI 0.45Kcr Pcr/1.2 0
PID 0.6Kcr Pcr/2 Pcr/8
as we use in ME475, is
)
where: Kp := Proportional Gain , Ki := Integral Gain
Ti := Reset Time =Kp/Ki, Kd :=Derivative gain Td := Rate
time or derivative time 2.6 DESIGN OF BOOST CONVERTER

A dc-dc converter must provide a regulated dc output

voltage under varying load and input voltage conditions.
Hence, for the design of converter the following
specifications are considered. specification:
 Input voltage = 26V-36V
 Output voltage = 80V
 Output current = 0.8A
 Switching frequency = 20KHz

3. Optimization Techniques
Figure 2: parallel form of the PID compensator The objective function which is considered for all the
optimization techniques is given as
2.5 Ziegler-Nichols Tuning

1) The First Method

The first method is applied to plants with step responses of Where er represents the cumulative error.
the form displayed in Figure 4. This type of response is er =sum of err.
typical of a first order system with transportation delay, such err=1-Y.
as that induced by fluid flow from a tank along a pipe line. It Y represents the output array for each step response obtained
is also typical of a plant made up of a series of first order by using different methods. 
systems.
3.1 Genetic Algorithm

3.1.1 Operators of Genetic Algorithm

A basic genetic algorithm comprises three genetic operators.
• Selection
• Crossover
• Mutation
Starting from an initial population of strings (representing
possible solutions),the GA uses these operators to calculate
successive generations. First, pairs of individuals of the
current population are selected to mate with each other to
form the offspring, which then form the next generation.

Figure 3: Response Curve for Ziegler-Nichols First Method

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Paper ID: SEP1452 75
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
3.2 Flow Chart of GA
 
Where w -is the inertia weighting factor
Wmax - maximum value of weighting factor
Wmin - minimum value of weighting factor

3.4 Flow Chart

Figure 4: Flow chart of GA

3.3 Particle Swarm Optimization

Figure 5: Flow Chart
PSO simulates the behaviors of bird flocking. Suppose the
following scenario: a group of birds are randomly searching 3.5 Bacterial Foraging Optimization Technique:
food in an area. There is only one piece of food in the area
being searched. All the birds do not know where the food is. Natural selection tends to eliminate animals with poor
But they know how far the food is in each iteration. So foraging strategies and favor the propagation of genes of
what's the best strategy to find the food? The effective one is those animals that have successful foraging strategies since
to follow the bird, which is nearest to the food. PSO learned they are more likely to enjoy reproductive success. After
from the scenario and used it to solve the optimization many generations, poor foraging strategies are either
problems. In PSO, each single solution is a "bird" in the eliminated or shaped into good ones. This activity of
search space. We call it "particle". All of particles have foraging is successfully incorporated as an optimization tool
fitness values, which are evaluated by the fitness function to in power system harmonic estimation. The E. coli bacteria
be optimized, and have velocities, which direct the flying of that are present in our intestines also undergo a foraging
the particles. The particles fly through the problem space by strategy. The control system of these bacteria that dictates
following the current optimum particles. how foraging should proceed can be subdivided into four
sections, namely Chemotaxis, Swarming, Reproduction, and
When a particle takes part of the population as its Elimination and Dispersal.
topological neighbors, the best value is a local best and is a) Chemotaxis:
called p-best. After finding the two best values, the particle b) Swarming
updates its velocity and positions with following equation c) Reproduction
given below: d) Elimination and Dispersal

4. Matlab/Simulink and Hardware Results

In the above equation,
The term rand ( )*(pbest i -Pi(u)) is called particle memory 4.1 Simulation Results Obtained With Traditional
influence.The term rand ( )*( gbesti -Pi(u)) is called swarm Method
influence.
Vi(u) which is the velocity of ith particle at iteration ‘u’ must The step response is first analyzed and it is shown in fig.
lie in the range Vmin ≤ Vi(u) ≤ Vmaxs From the response it can be seen that the rise time, settling
time ,peak time are observed. The response is peaky with an
overshot of 0.0274.It is desirable to have smooth response
Volume 3 Issue 9, September 2014
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Paper ID: SEP1452 76
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
for variation in input and output voltages. In order to
determine the output and input voltage regulation the input
voltage is changed from one value to another value and it is
shown in fig. The controller parameters used for the
generation of the above step response is Kp
=0.35,Ki=25,Kd=0.0017.

Figure 7: simulink model for step change in i/p voltage

Figure 6: step response with traditionally designed

controller

The boost converter with the traditionally designed

controller is now simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK with
step change in input voltage from 36v to 26v,and the output
voltage observed is shown in the below figure

Figure 8: output waveform for step change in i/p voltage

4.2.2 Circuit for Step Change in Load Resistance

The simulink circuit for the boost converter when a step

change in load resistance from 100 ohms to 200 ohms is
applied the output voltage variation is shown in the below
figure.

Figure 9: Simulink circuit for step change in load resistance.

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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358

Figure 10: step response obtained with the GA controller

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ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
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Author Profile
Rajendra Meena is M.Tech scholar Department of
Electrical Engineering Mewar University, Chittorgarh,
Rajasthan, India.

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