4/14/2019

Electrical Domestic Wiring

Rajesh Kumar

Supply Systems
1. Single‐phase two‐wire system.
2. Three‐phase four‐wire system.
3. Three‐phase three‐wire system.
• For domestic consumers, 1‐phase 2‐wire system is 
used.
• It is often derived from a 400‐V, 3‐phase 4‐wire 
system. 

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Systems of Wiring
• There are different systems of wiring available.
• Some require advance planning before construction 
of the building. 
• To select a system of wiring, following points must be 
considered :
– (i) Overall cost of the installation.
– (ii) Conditions of service.
– (iii) Life of the installation.
– (iv) Projected extensions and alterations.
– (v) Fire hazards.
– (vi) Dampness.

Wires and Cables
• The most extensively used conductor material is 
copper (or aluminium).
• Aluminium is much cheaper than copper, but its 
conductivity is about 60 % that of copper.
• The operating voltage determines the thickness of 
the insulation.  
• The current capacity of the installation determines 
the cross‐sectional area or size of the cable‐
conductor.  

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Types of Cables 
(1) Elastomer Insulated Cables :
(i) Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR).
(ii) Butyle Rubber Coatings.
(iii) Ethylene‐Propylene Rubber Coatings.
(iv) Silicon Rubber Coatings.
(v) Polychloroprene Coatings.
(2) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Insulated Cables.
(3) Lead Sheathed Cables.
(4) Flexible Cables (or Chords).

Switches and Circuits
• It is the standard practice to connect the switches in 
the live wire (and NOT in the neutral wire) in the 
circuits. 
• This ensures no electric shock to the person handling 
the load (say, replacing a fused bulb) after the switch 
has been put off. 
• For domestic installation,
– 5 A capacity switches are used for lighting circuits (such as 
electric lamps, fans, mobile chargers, etc..
– 15 A capacity switches are used for power circuits (such as 
microwave oven, washing machine, room heater, geyser, 
air‐conditioner, etc.). 

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• The simplest switch is single‐pole single‐
throw. Following types : 

– (i) Tumbler Switch.
– (ii) Flush Switch.
– (iii) Toggle Switch.
– (iv) Push‐to‐On Switch.
– (v) Bed Switch.
– (vi) Call‐Bell Switch. 

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Two‐Way Switch
• It has three terminals.  
• In one position of the switch, the central 
terminal makes contact with the upper 
terminal.
• In the other position it makes contact with the 
lower terminal.  
• In this sense, it is a single‐pole double‐throw
switch. 

Staircase Wiring

The lamp can be witched ON or OFF by either switch.

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Godown Wiring

• It has one one-way switch S1 and two two-way switches S2 and S3

for a three-room godown.
• On operating the next switch, the next bulb is put ON, and the
earlier bulb is put OFF.

Electric Wiring Systems
(1) Tree System of Wiring
• The live and neutral main wires are run throughout 
the house.  
• The branch circuits are tapped wherever needed. 
• After removing the insulation of the main wires, 
the branch‐circuit wires are joined.
• It is a cheaper and simple system. 

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Disadvantages of Tree System of Wiring

(i) poor appearance,

(ii) frequent occurrence of faults due to many joints,
(iii) difficulty in locating faults, and
(iv) scattered fuses.

we may use it for temporary wiring such as 
for a marriage‐pandal. 

(2) Distribution System of Wiring

• The live and neutral main wires are first taken 
to one or more convenient distribution 
boards. 
• Each branch circuit is then separately taken 
out from the distribution board.
• This system requires more length of wire and 
hence it is costlier than the tree system. 

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Advantages of Distribution System of Wiring
(i) good appearance,
(ii) fault in one circuit does not affect the other
circuits,
(iii) easy to locate faults,
(iv) all points maintained almost at the same
voltage,
(v) each circuit protected independently by a fuse
or MCB,
(vi) simple system capable of further extension, if
required, and
vii) easy to replace blown fuse, or to restore the
MCB.

Types of Wiring
The selection depends on :
• (i) expected life of  • (vi) dampness, 
installation,  • (vii) corrosive fumes, 
• (ii) expected  • (viii) type of construction 
alterations and  of the building, 
extensions in future, • (ix) safety of the 
• (iii) nature of load,  installation, 
• (iv) type of wires  • (x) appearance of the 
installation, and 
• (v) fire hazards and 
other weather  • (xi) affordability of the 
conditions,  cost. 

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Types of Wiring
(1) Cleat Wiring.
(2) Wooden‐Batten Wiring.
(3) Wooden‐Casing Wiring.
(4) Lead‐Sheathed Wiring.
(5) Conduit Wiring.
(most modern for domestic and commercial 
installations)

CLEAT
PVC wiring
TYPES
Of BATTERN TRS/CTS wiring
WIRING
Lead sheath wiring

CASING CAPING

Surface conduit
CONDUIT
Concealed
conduit

STUDENTOF ELECTRICALENGINEERING

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Metal conduit
Surface
conduit wiring
P.V.C. conduit

Conduit wiring

Metal conduit
Concealed
conduit wiring
P.V.C. conduit

Cleat wiring:

•It fit on the wall.

•Distance of half meter between two cleat.
•Vulcanized Indian rubber wire used.
•Temporary used.
•Wire are in the open atmosphere.

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Batten wiring:

1. P.V.C. wire
2. TRS/CTS wire
3. Lead sheath wire

Wooden casing capping wiring:

•It fit on the wall with help of screw.

•It protect wire against mechanical
damage, Moisture, dust.

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PVC casing capping wiring:

•It become popular,

•Less cost,
•Easily fault detect
•Appearance of wiring is
good,

Concealed conduit wiring:

•PVC, or metallic conduit are used

Conduit inside the wall
•Appearance is good
•Protect against fire dust
moisture mechanical damage,
•Less maintenance
•Less chance of Fault
•Cost is high

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Concealed conduit wiring

Thank you 
for your 
attention

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