INTERNSHIP REPORT

CHAPTER : 1.0

COMPANY PROFILE

•Name of the company : QUBIK ENGINEERING SERVICES

PVT.LTD

• Address : #2,1st floor,veeresh cinema complex,west of chord road,Magadi

main road,Bengaluru
Karnataka 560079

• Class of the company : Private company

• Activity : Full pledge flats and apartments construction

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY

The GUARDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE was established in the year of 2007,
constructing various types of buildings and have been successful in completing these
projects based on their respective contract termination periods. Their first project was
Shanthala residency
cy at Derlakkate in 2008. They own a wide variety of construction
machineries, transport and various fa1.2

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MAJOR PROJECT COMPLETED BY THE COMPANY

ABOUT DEPARTMENT

We have joined to work in Company of Civil Construction in RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS.

The major works going on are:

VISION - We are a professionally managed Indian origin service committed to

evolving into global leader in innovation and services

MISSION -To train,encourage and motivate Qubik family on a journey to achieve both
short term and long term commitments.

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CHAPTER: 2.0
TASK PERFORMED
Construction Department workers play a vital role in determining the look of films: they
are responsible for building, painting and plastering all the sets required for productions.
They work closely with the Art and Design Department to ensure that the Director's and
the Production Designer's ideas are visually realized on sets.

The Construction Department is overseen by the Construction Manager, who is

responsible for ensuring that all the required work is completed to deadline, within
budget, and to the specifications set by the Production Designer. Once appointed,
Construction Managers are responsible for hiring in the required number of Carpenters,
Painters, Riggers and Plasterers, as well as for coordinating the purchase of all the
necessary materials and tools.

In addition to excellent craft skills in their chosen field, members of the

Construction Department must also have strong creative abilities. They are often required
to create structures in a specific period or historical style, or they may be required to
'distress' their work, so that it looks worn and lived in rather than brand new. They must
have an excellent working knowledge of all the materials available in their field,
combined with highly developed technical skills, far in advance of those required by
traditional domestic plasterers, painters, scaffolders or carpenters.

2.1 DEFINITION

The building is defined as any structure what so ever purpose and of what so
ever materials constructed and ever part there of whether used as human habitation or not.
There are various types of building and they are classified on the basis of character of
occupancy and type of use as given below:

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 RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: These building include any building in which

sleeping accommodation provide for normal residential purposes, with or without
cooking and dining facilities. It includes single or multifamily dwellings,
apartment houses, lodgings or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories
and residential hostels.
 EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS: These include any building used for school,
college or day-care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education or
recreation and which is not covered by assembly buildings.
 INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS: These buildings are used for different
purposes, such as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from
physical or mental illness, diseases or infirmity, care of infants, convalescents or
aged persons and for penal detention in which the liberty of the inmates is
restricted. Institutional buildings ordinarily provide sleeping accommodation for
the occupants.
 INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS: These are buildings where products or materials
of all kinds and properties are fabrication, assembled, manufactured or processed,
as assembly plant, laboratories, dry cleaning plants, power plants, pumping
stations, smoke houses, laundries etc.

2.2 ROLES OF THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM MEMBERS

2.2.1 The Surveyor

The Role of Building Construction Project Team Members in Building Projects

Delivery Surveyor is the custodian of land information. The size, topography, location,
features on and beneath the land upon which any development is built, is determined first
by surveyors. Without this information, no proper, adequate, effective and accurate
planning, design and execution of building projects can be carried out.

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2.2.2 The Architect

The architect may help the client to formulate his requirements in an

understandable form, bearing in mind any statutory conditions that may apply. It will be
advantageous to the client at this stage if he could be shown work of a similar nature so
that he could obtain a visual impression of shape, type of materials, size etc. if this is not
possible, pictorial sketches and/or model can be used, but it is often difficult for the client
to visualize the true structure from these very artistic representations. Secondly, under the
traditional procurement method, the architect may need to help the client to bring together
a team to give specific services such as that of a structural engineer, quantity surveyor,
builder, mechanical/electrical engineers, etc. Upon assessing cost limits and time scaled,
conceptual design can be produced for client to approve or otherwise, before more
detailed drawings are prepared.

The cost of the building will have been broken down against elements at this
stage with approximate values so that if costs are to be adjusted it can be done within
elements, e.g., substructure, superstructure, internal finishes, M/E services, and so on.
When general agreement has been reached between the client, and the consultants, the
architect can now start detail design and preparation of contract drawings, schedules and
specifications to enable tenders to be obtained. It is worthwhile to note that the situation
whereby architectural drawings would have been completed before the structural and
building services engineer’s designs are commenced and inputs from a builder are
obtained is not ideal and should not be encouraged by any member of the building
project team. With the completion of the tender documents, the architect and the other
consultants will assist the client in selecting the contractors to be invited to tender for the
construction of the building.
During the construction stage, the architect should be visiting site periodically for
inspections to ensure that in general, the work being carried out on site is incompliance
with architectural design and specifications. Some projects may require the services of
resident architect on building project site.

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2.2.3 The Engineers

Engineers are very important members of the design team whose responsibilities are
to assist in the overall design of the project within the scope of their specialist fields.
Engineers such as geotechnical, structural, electrical, mechanical, and will so on, will
carry out various analyses and calculations before arriving at the optimal design solution
for a specific building. Thereafter, they will produce drawings, specifications, schedules
and other relevant data that may be required for the overall design of the project and to
assist the quantity surveyor in the preparation of bills of quantities and costing and the
client in his assessment of the suitability of the project, regarding statutory requirements.
During project execution stage, engineers should visit the site periodically for inspections
to ensure that in general, the work being carried out is in compliance with their
engineering drawings, schedules and specifications. They must also be available to
modify or re-design their individual aspects as may become necessary. Also some
projects may require the services of resident engineers on the building project site. The
duties of a Project Engineer

Reviews all preliminary reports including advance planning studies for the project.
Proper shoulder widths, traffic and false work clearances, approach slab status, and
adequate stream flow and scour provisions must be verified prior to developing the
General Plan.

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 Investigates statements or site data in District reports which appear uneconomical or

inconsistent with policies.
 Reviews locations of existing utilities for possible conflict and relocation. Establishes
need to carry utilities or provide for future utilities.
 Reviews completed General Plans.
 Reviews General Plan estimates.

 Keeps record of Project Plan print distribution.

 Continually reviews details as they are being prepared.

 Reviews entire project for continuity and completeness.

 Reviews final estimates.

 Reviews road plans and dummy specifications.

 Reviews Structure Status for accuracy.

2.2.4The Quantity Surveyor

A quantity surveyor should be called upon in the early stages of consultation by the client
because of his expertise in construction costs. He should prepare first of all, a cost plan as soon
as the brief is settled, an approximate cost from sketch drawings, elemental cost checks during
design, so that, should the client’s sum be exceeded, the designers can consider each element of
the building project in reasonable isolation, enabling him to pair costs as necessary, within the
total cost limit of the project. Upon acceptance by the client of costs and scheme, a quantity
Surveyor’s next task after the receipt of designer’s drawings is to prepare a Bill of Quantities
(B.O.Q) in accordance with the current Standard Method of Measurement (SMM). This is a very
important section of the quantity surveyor’s responsibilities and great care should be taken to
ensure accuracy. The bill of quantities can only be as good or accurate as the drawings,
schedules and specifications used for its preparation. During the preparation of the bills of
quantities, the quantity surveyor has the opportunity to check dimensions and advice on
alternative materials.
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The quantity surveyor could also advice the client on the appropriate form of contact to
use. The quantity surveyor will definitely prepare the contract documents in close consultation
with other consultants on a project. When tender documents are sent out to contracts, the
quantity surveyor must also price the BOQ and his priced bill of quantities must be submitted
and opened at the same time as those of the tendering contractors. Once the tenders have been
opened and recorded in the presence of the other consultants, the tendering contractors and the
project manager client representative, the quantity surveyor must check all the tenders for
accuracy and consistency in pricing etc to ensure that the contractors made no serious errors,
which could cause complications at a later date.

The quantity surveyor should then prepare a tender report on the contractor’s tenders for
consideration at the Contractor Selection Meeting. During the construction stage, the quantity
surveyor will carry out interim valuations, value variations, ascertain the amount of direct loss
and/or expense incurred by the contractor, agree fluctuations with the contractor, prepare the
statement of retention’s etc. All these should be done in conjunction with the contractor’s
quantity surveyor who should be allowed to be present at such times when physical measurement
are being carried out on the site. In carrying out his duties, the quantity surveyor must remain
completely impartial and without favor to both side and so produce harmony in his role as a
project cost manager. The quantity surveyor has a fiduciary responsibility to ascertain that the
client obtains value for his money and the contractor an acceptable profit for work done. On
completion of the construction stage, the quantity surveyor should assist the project manager in
discussions with the contractor as to extra contractual costs. The quantity surveyor must also
prepare, with the aid of the contractor’s invoices and other documents, the final account. e
services of resident engineers on the building project site.

2.2.5 The Builder

A Builder is the professional at the centre of the physical construction of buildings. His
role in building development process in general, is to construct the building. He does this by
taking charge of the activities on a building construction site in translating designs, working
drawings, schedules and specifications into a physical

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structure. He uses his production management expertise, coupled with the necessary resources
such as money, manpower, materials, and machineries, in the site execution of building projects.
His expertise in Building production management is the main professional input that he renders
on building projects. In constructing buildings, a Builder performs the following roles:

 Carry out Build ability and Maintainability analysis ▪Prepare Production Management
Documents.
 Manage the production process on site.

 The Builder’s role in building development process starts from the planning/design stage
but takes prominence at the construction stage.
The function of the Builder is the main thrust of this book.

2.2.6 The Project Manager

While the responsibility for complying with specifications is firmly placed with the
contractor, the unspoken assumption is made that unless a client maintains his own
representative (the project manager) on the site to watch and inspect the works, the resultant
structure or building will not be in conformity with specified quality standard. While one may
agree with the statement, one will like to believe that it is in recognition of this statement of fact
that all the standard form of building contracts always has a condition for the client to have a
representative on site. The role of the client representative o site is to inspect quality of materials
and the workmanship to ensure that they all comply with drawings and specifications. The
person capable of inspecting materials and the workmanship of works must be a professional that
is well trained in building construction, and with training in project management. However, the
size, type and complexity of a particular building project may make it necessary to have in
addition to the project manager, a resident builder, resident engineers and a resident architect.
When they are all on site representing the interest of the client, their roles are complementary.
For example, while the resident architect will inspect those materials, and components specified
by the project architect and also check dimensions physically on site, the engineers will equally
inspect materials specified by each one of them (structural, electrical and mechanical) and their
positioning in the works, the resident builder will have to ensure by way of continuous

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inspections the implementation of construction methodology and the project manager will ensure
that the project quality management plan and stage of work is in conformity with the design. The
contractor should usually cooperate with the project manager and treat him as the senior member
of the project team whose assistance and advice as to
outstanding project execution information, interpretation of designer’s intentions, contract
conditions, and so on, cannot be done without. The project manager, as the client’s representative
must submit reports periodically to the client.

2.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE AND PROJECT

Fig 2.1

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2.4 EQUIPMENTS USED AT THE SITE

Fig 2.2 Skid-steer loader

Fig 2.3 Concrete mixer

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Fig 2.4 Excavator

Fig 2.5 Concrete vibrator

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2.5 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

Major construction material specifications for the project are concrete grade M10 for
PCC work, M20 for Shear walls, slabs and Staircases, M25 for Retaining walls, M35 and M40
for columns in Basement and First floor to sixteenth floor respectively. Steel used is Fe500 and
concrete is used through all ready mix concrete. Apart from this a mix ratio of 1:6 is used for
plastering work.

2.6 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED

I have been working with the site engineer at the office and observed various construction
activities on the site. The site engineer is always explaining works performed in the office and I
have worked with the Supervisor and Site Engineer while performing activities on the site. As a
new person to join the site; my first task was getting accustomed with the professional workers
and other stake holders on the site. After this I have focused on my activities by ensuring proper
interaction with my Site Engineer, supervisor and other workers. For better explanation of the
activities covered; I have divided this section in to two parts .i.e. activities in the office and on
the site.

2.7 WORK FLOW AT THE SITE

Site works that I have been participating were also conducted in an organized form. As I
have explained above; I have been working with the Site Engineer who is responsible in
supervising activities. He is giving me various following up and supervising tasks.

2.8 SAFETY AND QUALITY

2.8.1 Safety

Safety was given importance on site and the Project Manager kept a track of safety methods
in entire project during the execution. Project Manager used to carry safety inspections on a
regular basis. Some of the safety rules followed strictly at site were:
Visitors entering the site should strictly wear safety helmets. Also visitors must be accompanied
by the concerned engineer of that particular area to be visited.
 No workmen below 14 years or above 65 years of age shall be engaged for a job. Child
labors strictly prohibited.

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 Eye protective equipment was used by the labors engaged in activities such as welding,
chipping and other jobs that require eye protection.
 Hand gloves were worn while handling sharp articles, hot material, corrosive chemical,
welding, cutting etc.
 Adequate illumination at workplace was ensured before starting the job at night.
 All scaffoldings/ work platform was made strong enough to take the expected load.
 All Machine and tools were inspected before use. Defects were reported immediately to
Store manager.
 Fall protective equipment like safety belts were used by the workers working at height.
 Ladders, scaffoldings, fall protection were inspected regularly.
 Adequate

2.8.2.Safety boards

Fig 2.6

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Fig 2.7

2.9 QUALITY CONTROL

Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a

manufactured product or performed service. Adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets
the requirements of the client or customer.
Quality checks were done on si
site
te and as well as by the consultants and the results were
compared. It was done to make sure that the materials used for construction were as per
specifications and design in terms of strength and other aspects. Quality was an important
parameter at Foundations
tions Infrastructure.
The common test carried out in the Quality Control lab at site is:
▪Compression test on concrete

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Fig.2.8 Testing Cubes For Compressive Strength

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CHAPTER: 3.0

TASK PERFORMED IN SITE

I have been working with the site engineer at the office and observed various construction
activities on the site. The site engineer is always explaining works performed in the office and I
have worked with the Supervisor and Site Engineer while performing activities on the site. As a
new person to join the site; my first task was getting accustomed with the professional workers
and other stake holders on the site. After this I have focused on my activities by ensuring proper
interaction with my Site Engineer, supervisor and other workers. For better explanation of the
activities covered; I have divided this section in to two parts .i.e. activities in the office and on
the site.

3.1 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

MD

GM

PM

Supervisor SE QS

Labors

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3.2 READING AND INTERPRETING DRAWINGS

Drawings are the means by which the designer conveys the physical, quantitative, and
visual description of the project to the contractor. The drawings are a two-dimensional
representation of the physical structure that meets the objectives of the owner. They are also
known as plans or blueprints
Drawings at the construction site include:
1. Architectural drawing
2. Structural drawing
3. Sanitary drawing
4. Electrical installation drawing
This drawing is the main language between the architect, designer and any worker at the site or
office to build the model in position as specified by the designer and the client, based on the
agreement. Thus to work as an mandatory knowing drawings and any other specification.
Drawings are the most common means of communication for all types of projects.

3.3 COLUMN REINFORCEMENT AND ITS REQUIREMENTS

3.3.1 Starters
The main purpose of the starter concrete is for the exact placing of the column formwork
for the concreting. After the marking of the column dimensions by the survey team, the starter
concrete will be placed by placing the ply wood as per the dimensions of the column.

3.3.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement

 Minimum area of cross-section of longitudinal bars must be atleast 0.8% of gross section
area of the column.

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 Maximum area of cross-section of longitudinal bars must not exceed 6% of the gross
cross-section area of the column.

 The bars should not be less than 12mm in diameter

 Minimum number of longitudinal bars must be four in rectangular column and six in
circular column.

 Spacing of longitudinal bars measures along the periphery of a column should not exceed
300mm.

3.3.3 Transverse Reinforcement

 It may be in the form of lateral ties or spirals.

 The diameter of the lateral ties should not be less than 1/4th of the diameter of the largest
longitudinal bar.

3.3.4 The Pitch(C/C) Of Lateral Ties

▪Least lateral dimension of the compression members.

Sixteen times the smallest diameter of longitudinal bars

3.3.4 COLUMN FORMWORK

3.3.4.1 Procedure

 Initially clean the plywood members and apply oil to them.

 Based on the starter concrete the plywood members should be placed.

 Proper bracing at equal intervals should be done. So, that the members are stiff and hold
together.
 At last in order to prevent the sway of the columns proper support should be given on all
sides of the formwork.

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3.3.4.2 Checks Should Be Made Are

 The formwork should be well placed and firm i.e. no movement should be there.
 The shuttering should satisfy the plumb.

 The diagonals should be equal for the column formwork.

It took 3 days for the entire placing of the column formwork.

3.3.5 COLUMN SHUTTERING

Formwork for column is done after tieing the reinforcements. The type of Formwork used
for columns is partial shuttering. In this type, four different plates of shuttering is arranged in
proper manner with the help of clamps and Tie rods.

Fig.3.1 Column Shuttering

3.3.6 COLUMN CONCRETING

The concreting is done with the help of boom placer; the boom placer is capable only up
to a height of the 33mts beyond which the concreting is done with the help pumping.

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Initially some concrete is sent through the boom placer in order to check the choking of the
pump.
The concreting of the columns should be start only after signing the batch sheet by the site
engineer. The batch sheet contains the grade and the quantity of the various materials used in the
concrete.
It took one day for the concreting of all columns.

Fig 3.2 Column concreting

3.3.7 DESHUTTERING AND HACKING WORKS

(CHIESLING)

After the concrete has attained the required strength; the reinforcements are removed from
the hardened concrete for the next items of work to be conducted such as chiseling and plastering

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works. Slab and beam formworks are removed after the 21st day while column formworks are
removed after twenty four hours. When removing formworks great attention is given for safe
removal of formwork components as they are reused again. Most of the time; formwork
components are disconnected when preparing formwork for the next floor above the existing one
since the members have similar dimensions and hence are easy to use. Another activity
conducted following the demolishing of formworks is chiseling work which is pre requisite for
the plastering work. Chiseling works are conducted sub contract workers who perform these
activities after form work removal. They use hand tools to chisel the surfaces of structural
members such as slab ceilings, beams and columns. The following steps were used in formwork
removal (deshuttering) and chiseling work.
 First; the vertically supporting formwork members are removed

 The horizontal members together with the beam formworks are removed giving attention
to minimize occurrence of accidents.
 The top formwork material is then taken down by ensuring they are removed safely
without deformation and breaks.
After the formwork is taken away; chiselers will start their activity by separating their specific
tasks and identifying structural components to be chiseled.

Fig.3.3 De shuttering of Column

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3.3.8 CURING OF COLUMN

Curing shall start 24hrs after finishing the deshuttering. Curing shall be continued
depending on the temperature. In case of normal temperature curing shall be done for 7 days .
In case moderate temperature curing should be done for 10 days. In case of high temperature
curing should be done for 15 days.

Fig.3.4 Curing Of Column

3.4 Block Work

Blocks of concrete blocks and aerated blocks are used in this project. Aerated are usually
much larger than concrete blocks and so are much faster to lay for a wall of given size.

3.4.1 Points to Be Considered During Block Work

 Hacking and slurry coat should be done on columns and beam bottoms to enable proper
binding of mortar to the blocks
 The blocks must be checked for size, bulge and finishing

 Marking should be done either manually or by Total Station

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 The sand must be sieved, blocks must be wet and cement must be mixed on the mixing
tray using measuring box
 Room measurement, plumb, level and line should be checked at the time of execution
 Band concrete should be provided at 1m level in 4 inch wall
 Band concrete should be plastered on both sides

 Pointing should be done properly at both sides (below and side of the column)
 The openings should be marked and checked with template
 The either sided of window, duct should be checked for verticality

 Ensure cleaning before starting and after completion of work

 Date should be maintained for curing

3.4.2 Steps involved in Block Work

The steps involved in Block Work are:

 Surface preparation, laying of mortar and placing of blocks

 Checking verticality with Plumb Bob

 Ensuring horizontality of blocks by leveling with Straight Edge

 Filling the gaps between blocks with mortar

 Laying of second course

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Fig.3.5 Surface Preparation, laying of Mortar and Placing of Block

3.5 BEAM REINFORCEMENT

 Tension reinforcement: The minimum area of tension reinforcement shall be not less
than As=0.85bd/fy

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Where,
As=minimum area of tension reinforcement.
b= breadth of beam or the breadth of the web of T- beam. d=effective depth
fy=characteristic strength of reinforcement in N/mm²
 Compression reinforcement: The maximum area of compression reinforcement shall
not exceed 0.04bD.
 Side Face Reinforcement: Where the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750mm, side
face reinforcement shall be provided along the two faces.
 Transverse reinforcement for shear and torsion: The transverse reinforcement in a
beam shall be taken around the outer-most tension and compression bars.

Fig.3.6 beam reinforcement

3.5.1 Formwork and Reinforcement of Beam and Slab

 Straightening, cutting and bending of all reinforcement bars are fixed in accordance with
design and BBS prepared.
 The reinforcement bars will not be straightened in any manner that will injure the men
and materials.
 All the reinforcement will be placed and maintained in position.
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 All bars will be jointly bound together with binding wire at all intersections, to ensure
that the network of bars will remain in original form and to retain its correct position over
the form work, during the process of deposition of concrete.
 All splices and length of overlaps in reinforcement bars will be strictly followed in
accordance with the design.

Fig 3.7 Formwork for beam and slab

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Fig.3.8 formwork and reinforcement for beam and slab

3.5.2 Slab rebar & MEP works

 The reinforcement work for the slab and MEP works are carried simultaneously.
 Proper cover should be maintained for the slab bottom and sides.

 The electrical pipe lines should be laid as per the drawings by the MEP department.
 Where ever the reinforcement crosses one over another it should be tied with the
binding wire of 18 gauge.
 It took one day for entire slab and MEP activities.

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Fig.3..9 Slab rebar & MEP works

3.6 CONCRETING
The concreting is done with the help pumping. Initially some concrete is sent through the
boom placer in order to check the choking of the pump. The concreting of the slab and beam
should be start only after signing the batch sheet by the site engineer. Th
Thee batch sheet contains
the grade and the quantity of the various materials used in the concrete.

Fig 3.10 concreting

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3.7 CURING

Curing shall start 24hrs after finishing the de shuttering. Curing shall be continued
depending on the temperature. In case of normal temperature curing shall be done for 7 days .
In case moderate temperature curing should be done for 10 days. In case of high temperature
curing should be done for 15 days.

Fig.3.11 curing
3.9 STAIRCASE FORMWORK
Stair cases as a major circulation and transport facilities in a building; are constructed for
every floor level in a building. The formworks of staircases are prepared in a different
methodology from those for beams and slabs. The formworks used were having a width of
1.25m, risers of 15cm and threads having 30cm length.
❖ The steps involved are as follows:

 Vertical supporting wooden parts are erected by ensuring their length increment from
small to large in a way its slope is kept correctly.
 Horizontal members are then laid over these verticals which will carry the formwork
materials (panels) above them.

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 The panels are placed and fixed into position along the slope of the staircase.
 The sides of the formwork are prepared from timber material by maintaining the stair
case slab thickness.
 After this risers of the staircase formwork are fitted between the sides by keeping their
interval and spacing. `

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CHAPTER:4.0
INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

4.1 GENERAL OUTCOMES OF INTERNSHIP

As a result of the internship program I was able to:

 Identify and solve engineering problems.

 Understand the need of education to understand the impact of engineering.

 Use skills and techniques of using tools.

 Identify different leadership skills and styles.

 Assess and evaluate personal managerial strengths and weakness.

 Evaluate the carrier alternatives.

 Improve written and oral communication skills.

 Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.

 Conduct the field experiments and develop or suggest alternative solutions.

 Understand multidisciplinary teams.

 Improved my way of communicating with labors.

 Demonstrate analytical decision making skills.

 Define and demonstrate a broader understanding of the different construction operation

processes and the processes of contract administration.

4.2 TECHNICAL OUTCOMES OF THE INTERNSHIP

Technical Outcomes of the Internship are as follows:

 Able to know exactly the process of any component construction step by step by daily
observation of ongoing construction.

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 Able to know the importance of specifications.

 Able to know the importance of documentation.

 Was able to study other possible ways for a construction.

 Was able to study different plans of a construction.

 Was able to know the importance of technical skills needed.

 Was able to identify reason for the problems arise during the construction.
 Improved the knowledge of mathematics and science by knowing the calculation of
quantities for different components of structure and by knowing properties of the
materials used.

4.2.1 Use and Application of New Materials

M sand:
 Manufactured sand is a substitute of river sand for construction purpose.
 Its if manufactured from hard granite stone by crushing.
 Crushed sand is of cubical shape with grounded edges.

 The size is less than 4.75.

4.2.2 Use of manufactured sand

 Due to the demand of sand had increased tremendously, causing deficiency of suitable
river sand in most part of world.
 Since even if river sand is available, the quality of the river sand is not good
 The availability of M sand and transportation cost is comparatively low to river sand
 The cost of construction can be controlled by use of M sand
 It is dust free

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4.2.3 Advantages of M sand

 It is well graded in the required proportion.

 It does not contain organic and soluble compound that affect the setting
setti time and
properties of cement.
 It does not have presence of impurities such as clay, dust and silt coating, increase water
requirement.

Fig 4.1 M sand

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CHAPTER:5.0

REFLECTION OF THE WORK

5.1 Experience

It was a wonderful learning experience as a trainee engineer for the 4 weeks, gained a lot
of insight regarding almost every aspect of site was given exposure in all most all department of
the site. The friendly welcome from all employees is appreciating, sharing their experience and
giving their piece of wisdom which they have gained in a long journey of work. I am very much
thanking full for the wonderful accommodation facilities from this construction company. I hope
I gain some knowledge which will help in my future also shaping in my carrier.

My internship construction company has been eager to give a chance for me to take my
internship career there and providing me with an Engineer and supervisor who had a major part
in helping and learning me in all my activities. This shows that The QUBIK Company has been
cooperative and helpful in giving chances for conducting the internship activities by maintaining
good working conditions. During the internship period I have been conducting activities in the
office and on the site. The site engineer who was my supervisor was providing me with the
required explanations and support, giving commands to execute certain activities and control and
supervise my activities .When conducting these activities well defined procedures were being
followed to conduct activities in the office and on the site. The existence of work division and
specified procedures has made it suitable for easier execution. Apart from the working conditions
and environments; there had been some challenges which I faced during the program. Some of
them were related to the office work while others are stringed to site activities. I have tried to
minimize the effects of these inconvenient situations by taking and applying measures and
working closely with people around . In terms of getting benefits from the internship; I have
been able to acquire basic theoretical and practical skills which are important in my future
working period giving an understanding on the working methods used on the site and serving as
a well prepared place to practice what I have observed in collaboration with other stakeholders.
From all the above points I conclude that the internship period has been successfully utilized by

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conducting expected activities, participating in all important tasks on the site, observing and
noticing working procedures. The program has enabled me to get the theoretical, and practical
knowledge that are common in my field of study.
During my internship I gained some experience from:

 Higher official
 Contactor
 Labor

5.1.1 Higher Official

As I worked with site engineer, I get some important direction from the higher official when
they visited the site. They told to ensure the site safety, proper management of site, inform all
information to head office.

5.1.2 Contractor

From the contractor I have experienced the following things:

 Labor management

 Engineering materials management

5.1.3 Labor

Form the Labor; I have experienced the following things:

 Usually they did not follow drawing.

 Sometimes they did not work accurately.
 Some inexperienced worker do a lot of mistake.
 I have also learned some local terminology from the Labor.

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5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

Apart from the positive sides; I have observed certain problems and inconveniences
occurring on the site. Some of them have been discussed previously. Some of the problems
originate from the company itself while others are the results of different sources such as
electricity problems. Other problems are related to the lack of construction materials in the
country. I have presented some major recommendations which I thought are useful in improving
the existing working procedures and speed up the construction process by ensuring better quality
of work at the same time
.

5.2.1 Ensure Continuous Supply of Construction Materials

Sometimes there were gaps created in the import of construction materials to the site.
This was resulting in the stoppage of construction activities and thus slowing down the whole
construction activity which will subject the company to extra cost and loss of money in relation
to the delays encountered. The continuous and frequent supply of materials is thus important in
running the construction process with the required pace and work quality. Moreover the
improved material supply will make workers focus on their respective work task and continue
the construction procedure according to the forecasted schedule.

5.2.2 Improve capacity of Machineries

As I have tried to explain in the challenges section of this report; some machines were
being out of use frequently greatly affecting the construction process. As it is known
construction machines play a vital role by substituting a large number of human labor
requirements at one point and speeding up the activities to a greater extent. Maintenance and
renewal of some machines is so important to get the maximum output of the machines and run
the activities with full capacity of labor force.

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5.2.3 Ensure the Safety of workers

The safety of workers on the construction site is one of the major issues in the sector .
Construction activities by their nature subject workers to different accidents on the site.
To minimize the occurrence of these accidents; different safety mechanisms are applied
according to the specific type of accident. With this regard, supplying safety utilities is so
important to protect workers from serious injuries and help them be an active participant in their
respective work positions.

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CHAPTER:6.0
CONCLUSION

The internship program as it is known was started with a major plan of enabling students
acquire enough technical and practical knowledge concerning how the works are performed in
the practical world in relation to their field of study. Therefore it was a very interesting period
where I was able to grasp technical knowledge, participate in real construction activity, enjoyed
working with experienced professionals and have been successful in performing activities.
Below this I have presented what I have gained in various types of technical and practical skills.

6. 1 Practical Skills

I have been able to accumulate certain practical skills which are important in running a
construction project. As I have noticed this sector requires the availability of enough practical
knowledge and very educated professionals. In the time elapsed. I have worked with
professionals that helped me acquire practical skills both on the site and in the office. As I have
explained before performing works in the office was my activity where Iwas able to thoroughly
understand and practice work tasks conducted in the office. Based on this I have practiced
preparing take off sheet s for different work items. On the site I have practiced the works of
various structural parts by following the procedures utilized for each specific categories of work.
In this respect the concrete works, bar bending, formwork preparation, and demolishing,
chiseling and plastering works were included. Another practical activity I have obtained was the
skill of supervision which includes controlling, commanding and leading a group of workers in
performing a task.
Some of the technical skills I have obtained are listed below:
 Preparation of take off sheets including take off sheets of plastering and reinforcement
work
 Calculation of the work efficiency (productivity) of workers as a way of controlling their
performance.

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 Reading and understanding working drawings.

 Ways of taking measurements on the construction site.

 Supervision and checking of reinforcement, formwork, concrete and plastering works.

 Ways of keeping the alignment and perpendicularity of column formworks.
 Techniques of assigning, coordinating and supervising workers

6.2 Theoretical Knowledge

The internship program has given me a chance to enhance my theoretical knowledge to a

great extent. When observing the activities performed on the site; there were various points
which attract and require the closer analysis and assistance from professionals working there.
Since I have been working on an RC structure; I have utilized the knowledge I have got from the
previous courses .I have tried to focus on relating the concepts from the courses taken with
working principles and mechanisms followed on the site. Reinforcement works were mainly
related with the course that I had taken enabling me understand the application of design
concepts covered in the course.
List of some theoretical concepts obtained:
 Concrete works including ways of material proportioning, mixing ,transporting
(conveying), casting and curing.
 Reinforcement works including bar cutting, bending and placement, preparation of mesh
for slabs, staircases, use of distribution bars.
 Hacking and plastering works procedures.

 Method of solving problems on between contractor and consultant.

 Techniques of site management and labor administration.

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6.3 Interpersonal Communication Skills

Construction projects involve the participation of different parties. A fast flowing internal
communication and interaction between the sections of a certain unit and between different
parts of the working units within the construction site. Based on this concept; the
interpersonal communication activities as guided by the work flow provided in the
organizational structure on the site. When working in the office I have been followed up and
helped by the site engineer who was my company supervisor. I had an interactive
relationship with the supervisor during all the internship period when receiving explanations,
commands and submitting our work results and reports. I have also developed
communication skills on site works when working with the foreman and other workers on
the site. During the execution of assigned activities on the site such as checking the
appropriateness of certain works, follow up and supervision activities; I have been
interacting with various workers like carpenters, masons etc. which helped me understand
the ways of discussing and analyzing problems in a constructive way by giving enough
chances to hear and respect the ideas of the workmen.

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