Evidence Based Classification in Para-Badminton

Evidence based classification in Para-
Badminton
Hanno Felder1 2, Katharina Hauschild1, Michael Fröhlich3, Shamsul Azahr4, Juliane Stump1
,
Andy Hines-Randle4, Stuart Borrie4, Silvia Albrecht4
1Olympic Training Center, Saarbruecken, Germany
2University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Prevention and Public Health, Saarbruecken, Germany
3University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
4Badminton World Federation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Project
Classes
Steps
1. Standing Classes (SL3 / SL4)
Video-Analysis: Matches
=> results
Performance-Analysis: Movements
=> results
2. Wheelchair Classes (WH1 / WH2)

Video-Analysis: Matches
=> results
Performance-Analysis: Movement
=> results
Border-Liner
...some remarks…
A sequential 4-step process that outlines how to initiate and develop evidence-
based methods of classification is:
(1) specification of impairment types that are eligible for the sport;
(2) development of valid measures of impairment(s);
(3) development of standardized, sport-specific measures of performance; and
(4) assessment of the relative strength of association between measures of
impairment and measures of performance (Tweedy, Beckman & Connick, 2014)
Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

1. Standing Classes: 2. Wheelchair Classes
Video-Analysis: Matches Video-Analysis: Matches
Performance Analysis Performance Analysis
Results Results
Classification Typical examples of impairments
Wheelchair WH1 Spinal injury causing impairment to upper limbs/thunk; Scoliosis; Multiple Sclerosis
Spinal injury causing impairment to lower limbs/thunk; Spina Bifida; Above knee
Wheelchair WH2
amputation necessitating need for wheelchair
Standing SL3 Single above knee amputation; Double below knee amputation; Cerebral palsy
Single below knee amputation; Cerebral Palsy; Hip dysplasia; Leng length difference (of
Standing SL4 minimum 70 mm)
Standing SU5 Upper limb amputation; upper limb impariment – eg. Brachial plexus injury
Short stature SS6 Short stature/dwarf condition eg. achondraplasia

Results Results
Standing
Video-Analysis

Results Results
Following questions should be answered:
- What are the average distances during SL3 and SL 4 in a rally ?
- What is the average velocity during SL3 and SL 4 in a rally ?
 Are there any differences in distance and velocity in a SL3 and SL4 in a rally ?

Results Results
Dictance (m) Average Maximum Duration (sec) Duration (sec)
coverd in a velocity (m/s) velocity (m/s) rally breaks (matches and
rally in a rally in a rally (matches + tests) tests)
SL3 (n= 145) 81,8 1,3 2,3 12.4 13.5
SL4 (n= 167) 94,5 1,6 2,8 16.3 12.5
p - Value 0.46 0.00169 0.00158 0.00021 0.78
Significance
between SL3- No Yes Yes Yes No
SL4

Results Results
Standing
Performance-Analysis

Results Results
The project aims to measure the amount of accelation(s) with a
disability experience (sport-specific measures of performance) when
moving through the court and to see how this relates to classification…

Results Results
Tests:
- In-field-test: 20 different random sprints (129
to 143 m: total 416 m)
- Shuttle run test-run-test
4
5
1 or 4
6 1 Forecourt Forehand / Backhand
2 or 5
2 Side Steps
3 or 6
3 Backcourt Forehand / Backhand

Results Results
Tests:
- In-field-test: 20 different ramdom sprints
- Shuttle-run-test (total 45 m)
3
2
1 Start to 1 2 3: forward run
1 2 3 to Start: reverse run

Results Results
Biomechanical Parameters:
- Activity / agility during movements
- Accelerations (x y z of the trunk)
- Accelerations (x y z of the dom arm)
- Angles of the trunk
Biological Parameters:
- Heart rate (HR)
- Heart rate Variability (HRV)
- Respiration rate (BPM)
- Surface (skin) temperature
- EMG from several muscles

Results Results
Heart-rate: 155 – 187 BPM during match
Respiration-rate: 24 – 47 BPM during match
Temperatur increase
during tests: 1.1 – 1.6 degrees
Neuromuscular fatique: 21 % (start to end of tests)
⇒ In total:
NO statistical differences between SL3 and SL4

Results Results
Forecourt Forehand SL3 Forecourt Forehand SL$
Ratings given Ratings given
Max. Acc. Y Max. Acc. Z Max. Acc. Y Max. Acc. Z
by classifiers total by classifiers total
2 2,20 0,95 3,15 4 0,45 0,69 1,14
4 1,94 1,29 3,23 5 0,23 0,26 0,49
4 2,29 1,56 3,85 3 0,28 0,25 0,53
3 1,64 0,93 2,57 5 0,50 0,25 0,75
3 5 0,33 0,34
3 1,30 1,04 2,34 5 0,22 0,33 0,55
2 0,20 0,21 0,41 5 0,24 0,41 0,65
3 1,23 0,34 1,57 5 0,39 0,32 0,71
r= 0,52 5 0,26 0,39 0,65
r= 0,84 5
r= 0,71 r= 0,17
r= 0,62 r= -0,59
r= 0,55
r= 0,62
***
***
***
Results Results
Forecourt Backhand SL3
Forecourt Backhand SL4
Ratings given
Max. Acc. Y Max. Acc. Z Ratings given
by classifiers total Max. Acc. Y Max. Acc. Z
total
by classifiers
3 1,93 0,99 2,92 4 1,40
0,42 0,98
4 1,94 1,36 3,30 4 0,64
0,20 0,44
3 2,33 1,84 4,17 3 0,56
0,30 0,26
3 1,56 0,93 2,49 5 1,80
0,50 1,30
2 5 0,33 0,41
3 1,20 0,88 2,08 4 0,63
0,23 0,40
3 0,19 0,24 0,43 5 0,51
0,21 0,30
2 1,13 0,35 1,48 4 0,33 0,31 0,64
r= 0,33 4 0,28 0,41 0,69
r= 0,90 4
r= 0,53 r= 0,27
r= 0,43 r= 0,86
r= 0,47
r= 0,51
***
***
**
Results Results
Backcourt Forehand SL3 Backcourt Forehand SL4
Ratings given Ratings given
Max. Acc. Y Max. Acc. Z
by classifiers Max. Acc. Y Max. Acc. Z total by classifiers total
2 1,64 0,68 2,32 3 1,35 0,57 1,92
3 2,30 1,69 3,99 4 0,17 0,23 0,40
4 1,78 1,40 3,18 3 0,27 0,20 0,47
3 1,70 0,61 2,31 4 0,34 0,35 0,69
3 4 0,37 0,44
2 1,67 1,21 2,88 3 0,29 0,35 0,64
2 0,19 0,14 0,33 4 0,27 0,30 0,57
3 1,43 0,64 2,07 5 0,55 0,30 0,85
r= 0,46 4 0,27 0,34 0,61
r= 0,83 3
r= 0,49 r= 0,78
r= 0,49 r= 0,14
r= 0,25
r= 0,79
***
***
***
Project Classes Step1 Step2 Comming Soon
Results Results
Fast Foreward Fast Reverse
SL4 SL4
Ratings given by
Max. Z Ratings Max. Z
classifiers
4 0,57 3 0,5
0,3 0,27
3
5 5
4 0,23 3 0,17
5 0,93 4 0,85 2
5 0,55 5 0,43
4 0,42 4 0,35 1
5 0,35 5 0,3
4 3
5 0,38 3 0,2
5 0,97 4 1,02
r= 0,5 r= 0,1

Results Results
Results Results
Conclusions
• significant differences in Acceleration (y and z direction: max and average) between

SL3 and SL4
• Good correlations (0.70 to 0.75) between Max Accelation (y , z and total) and Ratings
for all directions within SL3 and SL4
• Better correlations (0.78 to 0.83) between Average Acceleration (y, z and total) and
Ratings for all directions within SL3 and S 4
 there are good relationships between the rating-system and the measured
values (accelerations) from the tests and significant differences between SL3 and
SL4

Results Results
Wheelchair
Video-Analysis

Results Results
Following questions should be answered:
- What are the average distances during WH1 and WH2 rally ?
- What is the average velocity during WH1 and WH2 rally ?
 Are there any differences in velocity in a WH1 and WH2 rally ?

Results Results
distance [m] velocity [m/s]
player 2 -1 84,86 0,94±0,4
distance [m] velocity [m/s]
Vmax 1,92
player 1 -1 17,97 0,9±0,3
Vmin 0,26
Vmax 1,18 -2 49,91 1,04±0,3
Vmin 0,42 Vmax 1,84
10,62 0,86±0,38 Vmin 0,48
-2
-3 17,52 0,78±0,4
Vmax 1,28
Vmax 1,4
Vmin 0,42 Vmin 0,34

Results Results
Wheelchair
Performance-Analysis
(comming soon)

Results Results
Tests:
- In-field-test
- Shuttle-run-test Biological Parameters:
- match - Heart rate (HR)
- Heart rate Variability (HRV)
Biomechanical Parameters: - Respiration rate (BPM)
- Activity / agility during movements - Surface (skin) temperature
- Accelerations (x y z of the trunk) - EMG from serveral muscles
- Accelerations (x y z of the dom arm)
- Angles of the trunk
- COP

Results Results
Additionally, the project aims to identify individual performance parameters
• from video analysis of the match /
• from data from the tests
with physical disabilities or functional classification profiling, regarding key
variables / ranges from individual distances, times, velocities and accelerations
=> for the Border-Liner problem

Results Results
SL3 FF
Min Max Min Max
very difficult 1
difficult
sometimes easy sometimes difficult
2
3
0,2
1,23
2,2
1,64
0,21
0,5
0,95
1,04
larger
easy
very easy
4
5
1,94 2,29 1,29 1,56
ranges / higher values
SL4 FF
Min Max Min Max
1
smaller
very difficult
difficult 2 0,1 0,28 0,17 0,34
3 0,25 0,45 0,28 0,25
ranges / minor values
sometimes easy sometimes difficult
easy 4 0,4 0,8 0,25 0,69
very easy 5
The idea / proposal: in the case of doubts / disputes between SL3 and SL4 (= Border-Liners):
=> Recommendation of measurements with an objective system / device (eg acceleration
measurements) and comparison / placement of the measured values based on the ranges

Results Results
Thanks for your attention
...one team - one common goal...

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Evidence based classification in Para-

3University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

4Badminton World Federation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2. Wheelchair Classes (WH1 / WH2)

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Short stature SS6 Short stature/dwarf condition eg. achondraplasia

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

- What are the average distances during SL3 and SL 4 in a rally ?

- What is the average velocity during SL3 and SL 4 in a rally ?

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

SL3 (n= 145) 81,8 1,3 2,3 12.4 13.5

SL4 (n= 167) 94,5 1,6 2,8 16.3 12.5

p - Value 0.46 0.00169 0.00158 0.00021 0.78

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

• significant differences in Acceleration (y and z direction: max and average) between

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

- What is the average velocity during WH1 and WH2 rally ?

 Are there any differences in velocity in a WH1 and WH2 rally ?

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

=> for the Border-Liner problem

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

Project Classes Step1 Step2 Border-Liner

...one team - one common goal...

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