• Java Programming: From Problem • Array num:

Analysis to Program Design, 3e int[] num = new int[5];

• Array List
Chapter 9
• Array List (continued)
• Arrays
• Array List (continued)
• Chapter Objectives
• Array List (continued)
• Learn about arrays
Specifying Array Size During Program Execution
• Explore how to declare and manipulate
data into arrays • The initializer list contains values,
called initial values, that are placed
• Understand the meaning of “array
between braces and separated by
index out of bounds”
commas
• Become familiar with the restrictions on
• Here, sales[0]= 12.25, sales[1]= 32.50,
array processing
sales[2]= 16.90, sales[3]= 23.00, and
• Chapter Objectives (continued) sales[4]= 45.68

• Discover how to pass an array as a • Array Initialization During Declaration

parameter to a method (continued)

• Discover how to manipulate data in a • When declaring and initializing arrays,

two-dimensional array the size of the array is determined by
the number of initial values within the
• Learn about multidimensional arrays
braces
• Array
• If an array is declared and initialized
• Definition: structured data type with a simultaneously, we do not use the
fixed number of elements operator new to instantiate the array
object
• Elements of an array are also called
components of the array • Arrays and the Instance Variable length

• Every element is of the same type • Associated with each array that has
been instantiated, there is a public
• Elements are accessed using their (final) instance variable length
relative positions in the array
• The variable length contains the size of
• One-Dimensional Arrays the array
• One-Dimensional Arrays (continued) • The variable length can be directly
• One-Dimensional Arrays (continued) accessed in a program using the array
name and the dot operator
• intExp = number of components in
array >= 0 int[] list = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60};

• 0 <= indexExp <= intExp

 • Arrays and the Instance Variable length //element of list
(continued)
for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
• This statement creates the array list of
list[i] = console.nextInt();
six components and initializes the
components using the values given for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
– Here list.length is 6 System.out.print(list[i] + " ");
int[] numList = new int[10]; • Arrays (continued)
• This statement creates the array • Some operations on arrays:
numList of 10 components and
initializes each component to 0 – Initialize

• Arrays and the Instance Variable length – Input data

(continued) – Output stored data
• The value of numList.length is 10 – Find
numList[0] = 5; largest/smallest/sum/average
of elements
numList[1] = 10;
• Code to Initialize Array to Specific Value
numList[2] = 15; (10.00)
numList[3] = 20; • Code to Read Data into Array
• These statements store 5, 10, 15, and • Code to Print Array
20, respectively, in the first four
components of numList • Code to Find Sum and Average of Array

• You can store the number of filled • Determining Largest Element in Array
elements, that is, the actual number of • Determining Largest Element in Array
elements, in the array in a variable, say (continued)
numOfElement
• Determining Largest Element in Array
• It is a common practice for a program (continued)
to keep track of the number of filled
elements in an array • Array Index Out of Bounds

• Processing One-Dimensional Arrays • Array in bounds if:

• Loops used to step through elements in 0 <= index <= arraySize – 1

array and perform operations • If index < 0 or index > arraySize:
int[] list = new int[100]; ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
int i; exception is thrown

for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) • Base address: memory location of first

component in array
//process list[i], the (i + 1)th
 • Declaring Arrays as Formal Parameters • Parallel Arrays
to Methods
• Arrays are parallel if corresponding
• A general syntax to declare an array as components hold related information
a formal parameter
• Arrays of Objects
dataType[] arrayName
• Can use arrays to manipulate objects
public static void
• Example: create array named array1
arraysAsFormalParameter(int[] listA,
with N objects of type T
double[] listB, int num)
T[] array1 = new T[N]
{
• Can instantiate array1 as follows:
//...
for(int j=0; j <array1.length; j++)
}
array1[j] = new T();
int[] intList = new int[10];
• Array of String Objects
double[] doubleNumList = new double[15];
String[] nameList = new String[5];
int number;
nameList[0] = "Amanda Green";
arraysAsFormalParameter(intList,
nameList[1] = "Vijay Arora";
doubleNumList, number);
nameList[2] = "Sheila Mann";
• The Assignment Operators and Arrays
nameList[3] = "Rohit Sharma";
• The Assignment Operators and Arrays
(continued) nameList[4] = "Mandy Johnson";
• The Assignment Operators and Arrays • Array of String Objects (continued)
(continued)
• Clock[] arrivalTimeEmp = new
• Relational Operators Arrays Clock[100];
• Relational Operators and Arrays • Instantiating Array Objects
(continued)
• Arrays and Variable Length Parameter
• Arrays as Parameter Methods List
• Methods for Array Processing • The syntax to declare a variable length
formal parameter (list) is:
• Methods for Array Processing
(continued) dataType ... identifier
• Methods for Array Processing • Arrays and Variable Length Parameter
(continued) List (continued)
• Methods for Array Processing • Arrays and Variable Length Parameter
(continued) List (continued)
 • Arrays and Variable Length Parameter }
List (continued)
• Two-Dimensional Arrays
• Arrays and Variable Length Parameter
• Two-Dimensional Arrays (continued)
List (continued)
• double[][] sales = new double[10][5];
• A method can have at most one
variable length formal parameter • intExp1, intExp2 >= 0
• If a method has both a variable length • indexExp1 = row position
formal parameter and other types of
formal parameters, then the variable • indexExp2 = column position
length formal parameter must be the • Two-Dimensional Arrays and the
last formal parameter of the formal Instance Variable length (continued)
parameter list
• Each row of matrix is a one-dimensional
• foreach loop array; matrix[0], in fact, refers to the
• The syntax to use this for loop to first row
process the elements of an array is: • The value of the expression:
for (dataType identifier : arrayName) matrix[0].length
statements is 15, the number of columns in the first
• identifier is a variable and the data type row
of identifier is the same as the data type • matrix[1].length gives the number of
of the array components columns in the second row, which in
• foreach loop (continued) this case is 15, and so on

sum = 0; • Two-Dimensional Arrays: Special Cases

for (double num : list) • Two-Dimensional Arrays: Special Cases

(continued)
sum = sum + num;
• Two-Dimensional Array Initialization
• The for statement in Line 2 is read: for During Declaration
each num in list
• Two-Dimensional Array Initialization
• The identifier num is initialized to list[0 During Declaration (continued)
• In the next iteration, the value of num is • Two-Dimensional Array Initialization
list[1], and so on During Declaration (continued)
for (double num : numList) • Two-Dimensional Arrays (continued)
{ • Three ways to process 2-D arrays
if (max < num) – Entire array
max = num; – Particular row of array (row
processing)
 – Particular column of array • Program: reads given text; outputs the
(column processing) text as is; prints number of lines and
number of times each letter appears in
• Processing algorithms similar to
text
processing algorithms of one-
dimensional arrays • Input: file containing text to be
processed
• Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
• Output: file containing text, number of
• Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
lines, number of times letter appears in
(continued)
text
• Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
• Programming Example Solution:
(continued)
Text Processing
• Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
• An array of 26 representing the letters
(continued)
in the alphabet
• Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
• Three methods
(continued)
– copyText
• Multidimensional Arrays
– characterCount
• Can define three-dimensional arrays or
n-dimensional array (n can be any – writeTotal
number)
• Value in appropriate index incremented
• Syntax to declare and instantiate array using methods and depending on
character read from text
dataType[][]…[] arrayName = new
• Chapter Summary
dataType[intExp1][intExp2]…[intExpn];
• Arrays
• Syntax to access component
– Definition
arrayName[indexExp1][indexExp2]…
[indexExpn] – Uses

• intExp1, intExp2, ..., • Different Arrays

intExpn = positive
– One-dimensional
integers
– Two-dimensional
• indexExp1,indexExp2, ...
, indexExpn = non- – Multidimensional (n-
negative integers dimensional)
• Loops to Process Multidimensional – Arrays of objects
Arrays
– Parallel arrays
• Programming Example:
Text Processing • Chapter Summary (continued)

• Declaring arrays
• Instantiating arrays

• Processing arrays

– Entire array

– Row processing

– Column processing

• Common operations and methods

performed on arrays

• Manipulating data in arrays