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    Matrix: Functional Description

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    Othmane Boualam

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Matrix: Functional Description

    Uploaded by

    Othmane Boualam
    27 views6 pages

    Original Title

    MATLABTips.pdf

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    Copyright:

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    27 views6 pages

    Matrix: Functional Description

    Uploaded by

    Othmane Boualam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    1.

    Matrix
    Input MATLAB Output MATLAB
    Functional description
    Enter matrix A=[1,1,1;3,1,-1;1,-2,4] 1 1 1
    3 1 1
    1 2 4
    Find matrix dimension size(A) 3 3
    Transpose matrix A' 1 3 1
    1 1 2
    1 1 4
    Diagonal matrices and A=[1,1,1;3,1,-1;1,-2,4]; 1
    diagonals of matrix diag(A) 1
    4
    Block diagonal blkdiag(2,7,4) 2 0 0
    concatenation 0 7 0
    0 0 4
    Extract lower triangular tril(A) 1 0 0
    part 3 1 0
    1 1 4
    Extract upper triangular triu(A) 1 1 1
    part 0 1 1
    0 0 4
    Determinant det(A) -18
    Matrix inverse inv(A) 0.1111 0.3333 0.1111
    0.7222  0.1667  0.2222
    0.3889  0.1667 0.1111
    the eigenvalues eig(A) -1.3723
    3.0000
    4.3723
    Matrix norm norm(A) 4.6984
    norm(A,2) 4.6984
    L-norm of matrix, the norm(A,1) 6
    largest column sum
    Infinity norm of matrix, the norm(A,inf) 7
    largest row sum
    Frobenius (Eukleides) norm norm(A,'fro') 5.9161
    Estimate the matrix 2-norm normest(A) 4.6984
    Addition of matrices A=[1,1,1;3,1,-1;1,-2,4]; 4 4 4
    A+B B=[3,3,3;4,2,5;1,5,7]; 7 3 4
    A+B
    2 3 11
    Subtraction of matrices A=[1,1,1;3,1,-1;1,-2,4]; 2 2 2
    A–B B=[3,3,3;4,2,5;1,5,7]; 1 1 6
    A-B
    0 7 3
    Multiplication of matrices A=[1,1,1;3,1,-1;1,-2,4]; 8 10 15
    A*B B=[3,3,3;4,2,5;1,5,7]; 12 6 7
    A*B
     1 19 21
    Example: Solve the following linear system with Matlab.
    We get the following set of equations 
     2b  4c  5a  6   5a  2b  4c  6 (1)
    2a  c  3b  2  2a  3b  c  2 (2)
    4a  b  4c  1  4a  b  4c  1 (3)
    In Matlab:

    >> A=[-5 -2 -4 ; 2 -3 -1 ; 4 1 4];


    >> B=[6 ; -2 ; 1];
    >> x = A\B

    x =
    -3.6522
    -3.3478
    4.7391

    The solution: a = 3.6522, b = 3.3478, c = 4.7391

    Note: Left & right division: X = A-1B = A\B X = DC-1 = D/C

    2 Vector
    The easiest way to define a vector is to list its values inside of square brackets, and separated
    by spaces or commas:
    >> x = [ 0, 1, 3, 6, 10 ]
    MATLAB has a special notation for generating a set of equally spaced values. The format is:

    u = startValue:stepSize:endValue;
    u = linspace(startValue,endValue,nElements);

    Input MATLAB Output MATLAB


    Functional description
    Enter vector u=[1,2,3];v=[2,-1,2];
    Generate a vector of equally- u=[1:5] 1 2 3 4 5
    spaced elements
    Create Vector with Specified x = 0:0.1:1;
    Increment
    Generate a vector of equally- x=[1:5] 1 2 3 4 5
    spaced elements
    find vector dimension length (u) 3
    Vector norm norm(u) 3.7417
    Addition of vectors u+v 3 1 5
    Subtraction of vectors u-v -1 3 1
    element-wise multiplication u.*v 2 -2 6
    element-wise division u./v 0.5000 -2.0000 1.5000
    element-wise exponentiation u.^2 1 4 9
    Vector dot product dot(u,v) 6
    Vector cross product cross(u,v) 7 4 -5
    3. Function operation
    a) Enter elementary function –MATLAB has many built-in functions, these include sqrt,
    cos, sin, tan, log, exp … for example sin(x), cos(x) etc

    b) Define an 'anonymous function' using the special notation

    >> f = @(x) 3*x + 2


    f =

    @(x)3*x+2

    >> f(0.5) % evaluate f(0.5)

    ans =

    3.5000

    c) Created a new function –


    A function is defined in an m-file that begins with a line of the following form:
    function [output1,output2,...] = name(input1,input2,...)
    Save the file either in the current folder or in a folder on the MATLAB search path.
    Use the same name for the function and the file (in this example, name.m).

    Here is a function that generates

    Example: Create the function of one variable, defined as follows: y = sin(x2)

    The file fcn.m contain this text:

    function y = fcn(x)
    y = sin(x.^2);
    Running M-file in command window:

    >> fcn(pi)

    ans =

    -0.4303

    Example: Create the function of two variables, defined as follows: z = sin(x2)cos(y2)

    The file fce.m contain this text:

    function[z]=fce(x,y);
    %
    % we use the function fcn
    %
    z=fcn(x).*cos(y.^2);
    Running M-file in command window:

    >> fce(pi,pi)

    ans =

    0.3884

    4. Conditionals and loops


    a) Relational & logical operators

    The logical operators in Matlab are


    Operator Description
    < Less than
    > Greater than
    <= Less than or equal to
    >= Greater than or equal to
    == Equal to**
    ~= Not equal to

    Logical operators

    Operator Operator Description


    & A&B A AND B
    = true if both A and B are true,
    = false otherwise
    | A|B A OR B
    = true if A or B is true,
    = false if both are false
    ~ ~A NOT A
    = true if A is false,
    = false if A is true

    b) The IF statement
    The IF statement is used to select between two courses of action.

    a. if-end  a block of commands is executed if the conditional expression is true,


    skipped if it’s false.

    if conditional expression
    Matlab commands
    end
    b. if-else-end  in this case, there are two blocks of MatLab commands—one is
    executed if the conditional expression is true, the other if it is false.

    if conditional expression
    MatLab® commands
    else
    Matlab commands
    end
    c. if-elseif-else-end  using two conditional expressions, one of three sets of
    Matlab commands is executed.

    if conditional expression
    MatLab commands
    elseif conditional expression
    MatLab commands
    else
    Matlab commands
    end
    Example:
    >> t = rand(1);
    >> if t > 0.75
    s = 0;
    elseif t < 0.25
    s = 1;
    else
    s = 1-2*(t-0.25);
    end
    >> s
    s =
    0
    >> t
    t =
    0.7622

    c) Loop for-end

    The for-end loop executes a block of MatLab commands a specified number of times.

    for k = f:s:t
    MatLab commands
    end

    The loop executes for k = f, f+s, f+2s, f+3s, . . ., t. The increment, s, may be omitted in which
    case it is assumed to be 1.
    Example:
    >> for i=[1,2,3,4]
    disp(i^2)
    end
    1
    4
    9
    16
    d) Conditional loop:

    Alternatively, a loop may be executed as long as a conditional expression remains true.

    while conditional expression


    MatLab commands
    end

    The variables in the conditional expression must have initial values assigned, and at least one
    of the variables must be changed within the loop. The while-loop repeats as long as the given
    expression is true (nonzero).

    Example:
    >> x=1;
    >> while 1+x > 1
    x = x/2;
    end
    >> x
    x =
    1.1102e-16

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