Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: Driving 5G To Scale: by Sean Kinney
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: Driving 5G To Scale: by Sean Kinney
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: Driving 5G To Scale: by Sean Kinney
Driving 5G to scale
By Sean Kinney
APRIL 2020
JUNE 2016
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Introduction
5G is often characterized as a
race — a race between countries
to claim the economic benefits
that come with next-generation
connectivity and a race between
operators to claim first network
launches or geographically-focused
availability. And that race played
out at a global scale in 2019. In the
first quarter of 2020, Ookla tallied
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3
1 ms is all it takes
Ericsson Spectrum
Sharing is now
commercially available
With our unique dynamic spectrum sharing solution, all
you need is a software update to allocate spectrum to
4G and 5G in the same band.
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The DSS value proposition--scale and Before diving into the specific expands the 5G rol out instantly
standalone role DSS plays, let’s establish a because we don’t have to do
For operators looking to quickly big-picture 5G vision as described re-farming. We can immediately
scale 5G, the DSS value proposi- by Tombaz. The primary use cases get 5G deployed into the legacy 4G
tion is crystal clear--instead of 5G is and will support are enhanced bands.” In terms of using DSS to
rolling trucks to re-farm spectrum mobile broadband, massive inter- get from non-standalone to stand-
for 5G on a site-by-site basis, a net of things, critical internet of alone 5G, “DSS is a very important
software upgrade can be remotely things and fixed wireless access. bridge to get there. DSS is pushing
pushed to base stations enabling To do this, 5G needs to deliver more 5G coverage out as expansively as
DSS. There’s another strategic ele- capacity and higher peak speeds possible. So that means when the
ment here too--solving for 5G cov- to keep up with increasing data 5G core is launched, you’re already
erage prior to turning up a 5G core demands made by an increasing going to have this very, very broad
makes for a smoother transition number of devices; high-band fre-
to standalone 5G and the associ- quencies can provide capacity and
ated revenue opportunities. peak rate enhancements. 5G also
needs to deliver lower latency and
bespoke network slices pinned to
the quality of service requirements
for a particular device or use case;
doing that requires a standalone
5G architecture with a next-gen
core, RAN and upgraded transport.
And, because this is all done by a
mobile network, there has to be
coverage--”Coverage is always the
king and will be the same for 5G,” “DSS is pushing 5G coverage
Tombaz said--and coverage means out as expansively as possible.
low-band frequencies. All of these So that means when the 5G core
things, she said, are “extremely is launched, you’re already
“Coverage is always the king dependent” on one another.
going to have this very, very
and it will be the same for 5G.” broad 5G coverage.”
Qualcomm’s Dean Brenner, senior
Sibel Tombaz, Head of 5G Dean Brenner, Senior Vice President
vice president of spectrum strategy
High-band and Active Antenna of Spectrum Strategy and Technology
and technology policy, said Dynamic
Systems, Ericsson Policy, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Spectrum Sharing “accelerates and
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transition to standalone, “you can To provide a clear picture of how flexibility as users shift from LTE
utilize carrier aggregation here to Verizon has and is approaching to 5G. “As market demands for our
create the wider data pipes.” implementation of DSS, we’ll review services shift,” he said, “we need
comments on the subject made by to be able to shift our resources to
Understanding operator strategies executives in public or in interviews efficiently meet those demands.
Verizon with RCR Wireless News. [DSS] will allow us to allocate those
Verizon has repeatedly discussed Speaking on an August 2019 earn- resources in real time so we use our
dynamic spectrum sharing in the ings call, CEO Hans Vestberg called current spectrum effectively while
context of future 5G planning. The DSS “an important piece” of 5G. also providing our customers the
operator is currently building-out “Ultimately 5G is going to be on all precise experience they need.”
mobile 5G using its millimeter bands. And I have a high confidence He said the focus of millimeter
wave spectrum with coverage that my team is going to be doing wave 5G investments will be on
available in parts of 34 cities as that well, continue to have the lead- dense areas and venues “in order
of March 30; San Diego is listed as ership in the market when it comes to continue to deliver the unique
“coming soon.” Verizon also uses its to network performance. There experience customers associate
millimeter wave spectrum for the might also come up opportunities with 5G and that are only possible
5G Home fixed wireless service, all the time where it could be added with [millimeter wave] technology.”
which is available in parts of Chi- spectrum. But right now, to launch DSS will be used to “supplement”
cago, Houston, Indianapolis, Los both capacity and coverage, we feel the high-band service.
Angeles and Sacramento. Ericsson confident on the assets we have.” In the most recent round of detailed
is a major Verizon vendor and the In November last year, SVP of Net- commentary, provided in March,
two worked together in November work Planning Adam Koeppe, in a Verizon spokesperson Karen Schulz
on DSS testing. statement, said DSS provides needed explained the decision-making
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Be ahead in 5G.
Turn visions into reality.
The next major step beyond LTE/LTE-Advanced (4G) sets challenging requirements. Rohde & Schwarz
is a world leader in all areas of RF and microwave test and measurement equipment. As a technology
expert, we have been actively involved in mobile communications since the first generation. We are
committed to supporting the wireless communications industry with the solutions needed to investigate,
develop and standardize 5G.
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Q
between DSS and static spectrum You talked to my colleague UE simulator for lab-based 5G NR
sharing. “Of course when you do Kelly Hill about how DSS network testing, to mutually vali-
spectrum sharing you are shar- will impact test and measurement date the implementation of DSS on
ing. But if you do it dynamically, in October at MWC in Los Angeles both ends. The plan was to demon-
there’s a gain” in user throughput and said you were working with strate our collaboration efforts on
and spectral efficiency. “Yes, spec- other companies to verify and val- modem testing and network- test-
trum sharing when compared to idate the technology. How has that ing in two demonstrations at the
baseline has a small impact on user been progressing on both the net- now-canceled Mobile World Con-
throughput but the real value and work and device side? gress 2020. These two individual
A
real comparison should be between The most significant ef- demos would have been the results
static sharing and dynamic shar- forts are, of course, with of the recent months of testing
ing where we see up to 3-times user the various chipset manufacturers with our partners, demonstrating
throughput gain.” around the world implementing the readiness of our R&S® CMX500.
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Q
In addition to these fundamen- Can you share your per- the operator is transitioning their
tals, we worked with, for example, spective on DSS as not just subscriber base from LTE towards
U.S.-based Tier-1 network opera- providing an NR coverage layer but 5G NR, more and more 5G devices
tors that announced the rollout also helping with the transition will be on the network, and this
of DSS back in 2019. We provided from non-standalone to standalone? where DSS is vital, with the smart
A
feedback to their DSS-related test Today, all 5G NR deploy- algorithm it will balance the re-
plans. The service providers will ments in FR1 are non-stand- sources and thus enabling a smooth
use these test plans to validate DSS alone mode based and using typi- transition from NSA to SA mode.
Q
functionality on devices before cally the 3.5 GHz bands, except for T-Mobile’s President of
they are allowed on the network. Sprint here in the U.S. Other oper- Technology Neville Ray
Our team offers guidance on test ators based in the U.S. and world- said on a February earnings call
case definition, support in imple- wide face a significant challenge that DSS is late. So what’re you see-
menting these test cases using the if they do not have access to this ing? Is the need for the technology
R&S® CMX500 toolchain and then new mid-band spectrum. To be able out of sync with the availability
validating them with pre-commer- to provide a 5G NR coverage layer, and, if so, what does that mean?
A
cial devices powered by the latest service providers will clear range. From my perspective, I
generation of 5G modems. Typically, this means a frequency would not call DSS late. It
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is a combination of several sophis- percentage, that is true. But oth- resources in time and frequency is,
ticated features that allow coex- erwise, the coexistence would not of course, the intellectual property
istence between LTE and 5G NR work at all. We also talk here about of the network equipment vendor,
using the same frequency band. single-digit percentages. Let me ex- so there is no standardized way to
That means its implementation plain: MSBFN broadcast subframes do this. But the scheduling is in-
takes time, and thorough testing of are enabled to allow 5G NR to fluenced by many parameters: cell
the functionality is required. But transmit its synchronization signal load, type of traffic, and thus the
our industry seems to have been blocks (SSB) and tracking refer- quality of service (QoS), priorities
in a rush for quite a while now. Let ence signals (TRS). Those are man- and many more. For DSS, the num-
us take the feet from the gas ped- datory for the 5G device to initially ber of LTE devices and 5G devices
al and make sure all the features synchronize to the downlink signal which are present in that partic-
are thoroughly standardized, im- and perform initial access proce- ular cell plays a vital role. The
plemented, tested, and validated dure. TRS is required to track time scheduling of resources is adjusted,
before they are launched to the and frequency. Based on the latest based on these numbers. There-
network and made available to the network configurations I have fore, it is in my eyes very tough to
consumer. In the case of DSS, it is seen, this means three subframes predict the impact on capacity, as
important to make sure it is work- within 40 ms, in other words, 7.5%. these scenarios are very dynamic
ing properly in the given frame- Those subframes would not be as you can imagine.
Q
work. Otherwise, you may nega- available for LTE, but allow you to Big picture, what are you
tively affect your LTE network. have a 5G NR device using the same expecting out of DSS this
This is something that you don’t frequency band. I think it is a fair year? Do you think we’ll see it com-
wish for as a network operator, as trade-off given the circumstances. mercialized in the US and if we do,
it does not only impact your early The dynamic aspect comes into will this be a smooth rollout, or do
adopters using 5G devices but the play when using standard LTE you foresee a bumpy road? I’m par-
majority of your subscriber base subframes that are not allocated ticularly thinking about the com-
that is still on 4G LTE. as broadcast subframes. First, rate plexities of field testing and site
Q
Ray also said DSS “eats matching around the omnipresent commissioning.
A
away at net capacity of the cell-specific reference signals of There is already news from
shared radio.” Have you observed LTE is required. Second, the sched- December 2019 from Swit-
what he’s talking about? uler in the base station and its op- zerland and Australia that local
A
We need to differentiate timized algorithms allow the bal- service providers Swisscom and
here. The way that DSS op- ancing between LTE-only devices Telstra had the first roaming data
erates, it will reduce the base ca- and 5G NR devices present in that call on their 5G NR networks pow-
pacity on the LTE side by a certain serving cell. The way to schedule ered by Ericsson infrastructure,
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where DSS was enabled. Pre-com- performance engineering groups of definitely be discussed when we
mercial devices from Oppo were network operators to optimize LTE are discussing 6G.”
used, powered by Qualcomm’s and 5G while DSS is activated in
X55 modem. Experience shows both networks. Conclusion
that about six to nine months af- From a consumer perspective, 5G
ter such an announcement, the coverage will be a win for opera-
technology is fully ready and The future of DSS ... tors looking to drive revenue off
commercialized. Therefore, I ex- Critics may describe DSS as of handset upgrades and enhanced
pect a roll- out of DSS in networks a transitory technology that mobile broadband. For serving up
worldwide starting mid- 2020. operators who have to will tap complex, customized services, oper-
How bumpy it will be depends on to scale non-standalone 5G then ators have to go to standalone 5G.
how much operators care to test jump to standalone 5G. However, If your premise is that significant
this functionality. We are ready Tombaz argues that the core new revenue streams come from
and have the R&S®C MX500, the principle — gaining efficiency and differentiated services tailored to
right platform and toolchain avail- increasing throughput through the needs of particular high-value
able to enable the testing of DSS. software-based tools — has long- enterprise and industrial use cases,
From a network testing and com- lasting value. that means the sooner you can get to
missioning perspective, you need to “We believe that DSS is not a standalone, the sooner you can see a
have the tools available that allow transition technology,” she said. return on your network investment.
you to measure LTE and 5G NR in “You can increase the spectral DSS provides a direct route to scal-
parallel on the same frequency efficiency regardless of the pen- ing out 5G coverage and transition-
band. Luckily, Rohde & Schwarz also etration of the devices. Dynamic ing to standalone 5G, both of which
has these solutions in its product Spectrum Sharing always provides come with new revenue potential.
portfolio. The R&S® TSME6 univer- higher spectral efficiency and As such, DSS will be a valuable tool
sal network scanner can measure higher user throughput compared for operators in the near-term evo-
5G NR, LTE, and all other legacy to static sharing. Which means lution of 5G as well as in the context
technologies in parallel, thanks to that we believe spectrum sharing of spectrum sharing as a long-term
the smart handling concept. It was will live very long and not only mechanism for spectral efficiency
one of the first scanners that sup- for FDD bands or between 4G and and network optimization.
ported MBSFN-based measurement 5G but it will actually be used for
in LTE networks. We now reuse this all the bands between all the tech- Editor’s note: RCR Wireless News
functionality and combine it with nologies. I believe personally that Executive Editor Kelly Hill contributed
5G NR. This enables the system this will be a technology that will to this repor t.
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