Me Lab 3 Exp 2

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
57037: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3

MF 07:00-10:00 OZ113
Measurement of Steam
Experiment # 2
Group # 1
Custodio, Cyrus Abraham
Lacsa, Alexandria
Rillo, Christine Marie
Tumlos, Benedict
Submitted to:
Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista
September 16, 2019

I. OBJECTIVES
The activity aims to understand the vapor quality of steam from the boiler
II. LEARNING OUTCOME (LO):
The students shall be able to:

1. Discuss the principle of the steam.
2. Compute the vapor quality of steam.
3. Interpret data and relate result to governing scientific principle.
4. Develop professional wok ethics, including precision, neatness,
safety and ability to follow instruction.
III. DISCUSSION
This experiment was conducted to note the relationship between the

pressure and temperature of a saturated steam in equilibrium with water to obtain
significant data to be able to show the vapor pressure curve. A steam boiler was
used to execute the experiment because it could give the students a better
understanding of the basics of saturated steam. The temperature controller will be
set as students observe he temperature rise and the water boils. The readings are
recorded as the boiler changes temperature. As the temperature increases, the
pressure increases as well.
Figure 2.1 Water – Boiler – Steam Flow Diagram

Figure 2.2 Example of Steam Table
Steam Table - is defined as the thermodynamic data that contain the properties of
water or steam. These data are commonly used by engineers and architects. It is normally
used to obtain the following properties using steam pressure for saturated steam
temperature and saturated temperature for saturated steam pressure. It is also widely used
for a particular enthalpy and volume.
Property tables list the properties from saturated water to steam. This is because water is
the medium that can be liquid or gas at saturation point. The saturated water in the steam
property table is referred by subscript “f” and the saturated steam in the steam property
table is referred by subscript “g.”
VAPOR QUALITY – DRYNESS FRACTION, (x)
Vapor Quality –is the mass fraction in a saturated mixture that is vapour; in other
words, saturated vapour has a "quality" of 100%, and saturated liquid has a "quality" of
0%.
Equation 2.1 Vapor Quality in terms of mass.
m vapor
( x)= ; m=mass
mliquid +m vapor
Equation 2.2 Vapor Quality in terms of enthalpy
h=( x ) h fg + hf ; h=enthalpy
TYPES OF STEAM
Dry Steam
Also called, Saturated Steam. It is characterized by having vapor quality (x) = 1

which refers to single-phase saturated vapor state. It contains 100% Latent Heat.
Wet Steam
It is characterized by having vapor quality (x) = 0 < (x) < 1 which refers to a
mixture of vapor and liquid state.
Superheated Steam
If saturated/dry steam is entirely at vapor state that exists at its boiling

temperature and on saturated line, then further heating it up (latent heating from gas to
gas) above the saturated line becomes Superheated Steam.
IV. PROCEDURES
This experiment was guided by our instructor for the assurance of safety.
1. The discharged temperature by the evaporator through a steam exhaust valve

utilizing a temperature sensor should be recorded.
Figure 2.3: Temperature at the Boiler
1. The steam’s temperature and pressure discharged radiated by the moisture

separator that went to funnels and to the turbine.
V. DATA AND RESULTS
Table 1. The experimental readings for the vapor quality of steam in boiler.
Reading Units
Temperature 116 °C
Specific Enthalpy 486.72 Kj
Kg
Difference of the Specific 2213.7 Kj
Enthalpy Kg
Table 2. The experimental readings for the vapor quality of steam.
Reading Units
Temperature 104 °C
Specific Enthalpy Kj
Kg
Difference of the Specific 2631.19 Kj
Enthalpy Kg
Pressure 4.9 bar
VI. COMPUTATIONS
T @ boiler = 116 C
T @ separator = 104 C
P @ separator = 4.9 bar
 Table 1
T =116 ° C
Kj
h f =486.72
Kg
Kj
h fg =2213.7
Kg
 Table 2
Double interpolation
0.48 0.49 0.5

100 2622 x 2678.7
104 x h x
105 2635.4 x 2632.4
Kj
h=2631.19
Kg
Using
h=x h fg + hf
Kj Kj Kj
2631.19 =x (2213.7 )+ 486.72
Kg Kg Kg
x=0.968727
VII. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The understudies estimated the vapor nature of the steam that was gotten by the
turbine. The required information were the temperature of steam that the evaporator
exhaust, the temperature and the pressure of the steam at the moisture separator. It is
recorded 116 Degree Celsius, 104 Degree Celsius and 4.9 bar, individually. The liquid
utilized was the regular medium water. Since the 116 Degree Celsius was recorded at the
boiler, which refers that the water was boiled and heated up to 116 Degree Celsius. At
table 1 of the steam table, the enthalpy of the water at its 100% liquid state (h g) at 116
Degree Celsius was 486.72 kj/kg. Also at the same parameter, enthalpy of the
evaporating water (hfg) was 2213.7 kj/kg.
At that point the steam moves through the channels and before arriving at the turbine,
it courses through a moisture separator which isolates the water beads from the steam.
Beads of water diminished the warm productivity of the procedure and regularly the
reason for disintegration of the turbine cutting edges. The dampness separator fumes
were opened to decide the temperature of the steam streaming and its weight. The 104
Degree Celsius alludes to the steam temperature streaming to the turbine or the soaked
temperature while 4.9 bar was the steam's weight. At table 3 of the steam table, the
enthalpy of the water given the soaked temperature and weight parameters was
introduced and processed was 2631.19 kj/kg. The students utilized the condition and able
to get a vapor quality of 96.87% as far as enthalpy.
VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Upon analyzing the data recorded, we can prove that pressure and temperature are
directly proportional to each other. The percentage errors obtained from the experiment
are acceptable since there are no perfect experiments. Also, the errors do not change in
any value. It can still be proven that as temperature rises, pressure increases.
We recommend to close the valve whenever the boiling point is reached. By

doing this, we will reach a constant volume process and the pressure will rise. Not doing
this will cause the experiment to be completely useless. We also suggest that before
starting the experiment, an inspection for leaks and other malfunctions shall be done to
assure the accuracy of the readings. Lastly, we recommend that the school or the students
themselves must provide personal protective equipment to be safe.

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

57037: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3

September 16, 2019

II. LEARNING OUTCOME (LO):

The students shall be able to:

This experiment was conducted to note the relationship between the

Figure 2.1 Water – Boiler – Steam Flow Diagram

VAPOR QUALITY – DRYNESS FRACTION, (x)

Equation 2.2 Vapor Quality in terms of enthalpy

Also called, Saturated Steam. It is characterized by having vapor quality (x) = 1

If saturated/dry steam is entirely at vapor state that exists at its boiling

1. The discharged temperature by the evaporator through a steam exhaust valve

1. The steam’s temperature and pressure discharged radiated by the moisture

V. DATA AND RESULTS

Table 2. The experimental readings for the vapor quality of steam.

0.48 0.49 0.5

VII. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

We recommend to close the valve whenever the boiling point is reached. By

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