DPR 1 - 967 KWP Rooftop Project

Detail Project Report –Life care site-2,Karnataka
DETAIL PROJECT REPORT OF 967 Kwp SOLAR ROOFTOP

PROJECT AT DIBBURHALLI, KARNATAKA
PREPARED FOR
LIFE CARE SITE -2
SUBMITTED BY –
VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT.LTD.
VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

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Detail Project Report – Life care site -2 ,Karnataka
SECTION - 1
OVERVIEW

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1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW:-
Project Promoter LIFE CARE
To arrange, construct and bring to full

Project Scope operation a 967 Kwp PV Crystalline
Solar power Generation plant in
DIBBURHALLI (KARNATAKA)
Project Category Renewable Energy Sector
The project envisages development of a
Solar Power Generation Unit of 967
Kwp in Karnataka under various policy
Brief Project Summary initiatives of state & Central
Government which makes installation
and operation of solar power generation
economically and technically feasible.
967 KWp at installed capacity under
Project Size
STC; Total investment Rs. 5.31 Crores
Location Chikkaballapur district in Karnataka
state
1.2 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY
The proposed plant is designed to

generate 967 Kwp of design electricity
Description of the Project Design
annually. The design and installation
is to be done on a turnkey basis
The technical design and the
Technical details of the project
preliminary outline
Design
diagrams are included in the DPR
Operational lifetime 20 years
Peak capacity 967 Kwp Total

Project Size
investment Rs. 5.31 C r o r e s
Expected Number of electricity units
15 lakh units per year
to be generated per year
Project Start date (date of LOI, i.e.dt.05.10.2016)
Project completion date 15.01.2017
Tentative schedule 100 days

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1.3 PROJECT COST
PARTICULARS RUPEES(CRORES)
Equipment cost Rs 3.72 Crore
Erection & Commissioning Rs 1.59 Crore
TOTAL COST Rs 5.31 crore
1.4 CRITICAL PARAMETERS
Karnataka
Proposed Location
Annual Solar Insolation 1956 Kwh/m2
Project cost per MW 5.5 Rs. Crore /Mw
Total project cost 5.31 Rs.crore
Operation & maintenance 5.31 Rs. Lakh/annum
Year
Payback period 5.2

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SECTION -2
BACKGROUND

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2.1 BACKGROUND
Energy is one of the major inputs for the economic development of any country. In
the case of developing countries, the energy sector assumes a critical importance in
view of the ever increasing energy needs requiring huge investments to meet them.
Meeting the growing energy demand is one of the biggest challenges that the world is
facing today. Rising population and depleting fossil fuel resources are compelling the
world to develop renewable sources of energy. While the world economy is growing at
a steady pace, the economies of some countries such as India and China are growing
more rapidly, putting strain on their conventional energy resources. It is widely
acknowledged and accepted that the fossil fuels have a finite life and we would need
to develop alternate sources of energy sooner than later.
2.2 WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO
Energy issues are likely to remain centre stage for several future decades. Globally,
we are approaching a peak in world oil production, if we have not already reached it.
There are two billion people worldwide who have no access to energy, which severely
constraints their socio-economic developments. The issue of climate change is real
and is getting attention from everyone around the world.
The total primary energy demand in the world increased from 5536 Giga ton oil
equivalent (GTOE) in 1971 to 10345 GTOE in 2002. The growth in energy demand
coupled with climate change is driving the world to develop "clean energy" sources.
2.3 INDIA ENERGY SCENARIO
India has an installed capacity of 205.3 Giga Watt (GW) as of June 2012, which is
fifth largest in terms of capacity in the world. Thermal power plants constitute 67% of
the installed capacity, hydroelectric about 19% and rest being a combination of wind,
small hydro, biomass, waste-to-electricity, and nuclear. India generated 855 BU
electricity during 2011-12 fiscal. In terms of fuel, coal-fired plants account for 56% of
India's installed electricity capacity, Compared to South Africa's 92%; China's 77%;
and Australia's 76%. After coal, renewal hydropower accounts for 19%, renewable
energy for 12% and natural gas for about 9%. India's electricity sector is amongst the
world's most active players in renewable energy utilization, especially wind energy. As
of June 2012, India had an installed capacity of about 24.8 GW of renewal
technologies-based electricity, exceeding the total installed electricity capacity in
Austria by all technologies.

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2.4 SCOPE OF SOLAR POWER GENERATION IN KARNATAKA
The total power generation depends on the total number of sunshine hours. Usually,
for KARNATAKA we can consider an average of 8 hours of direct sunlight in a day.
Out of this close to 6 hours per day can be ideally used for generation of solar power.
This is during the peak sunshine hours. Based on this, we can then take a total of
2190 hrs on an average per year. This is a good amount of direct sunlight. The yield
factor is normally considered 80%, which then reduces the total number of sunshine
hours to 1752 annually.
2.5 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS REQUIRED
The climate of KARNATAKA is mainly tropical. It is hot and humid . Hence, the
overall climate is warm in the state. The latitudinal and longitudinal positioning of a
place has a major influence on its climate. KARNATAKA is situated between 11.32 to
18.69 degrees north latitude and 72.40 to 77.38 degrees east longitude. As is usual
with the tropical climate, the summers in KARNATAKA are warm and humid And the
winters are cool. Summer in KARNATAKA is from April to June. During a typically
summer day, the mercury can shoot up to 46 degree Celsius. Based on the facts we
can conclude that the climate in KARNATAKA is ideally suited for solar power
generation.

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2.6 BRIEF BACKGROUND OF VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD
Varchasva Energy was incorporated to provide solar energy as sustainable success

and to secure the environmentally-friendly energy generation as a alternative to fossil
energy sources. Affordable solar energy through photovoltaic systems, perfectly
integrated into the public grid is our focus. The promoters are highly qualified
professionals who have worked with some great organizations and are highly
dedicated souls. Since all of them have exposure of international markets and have
their roots firmly planted in the India soil , they AIM to provide a world class services
and products at a cost which is very INDIAN. The company has a total portfolio of
more than 60 MWp of ground based installation and solar rooftop Installation.

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SECTION- 3
PROJECT LOCATION
&
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

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3.1 PREAMBLE
India is located in the sunny belt of the earth, thereby receiving abundant radiant
energy from the sun. Its equivalent energy potential is about 6,000 million GWh of
energy per year. India being a tropical country is blessed with good sunshine over
most parts, and the number of clear sunny days in a year also being quite high. The
country receives solar energy equivalent to more than 5,000 trillion kWh per year.
The daily average global radiation is around 5.0kWh/m2 in north-eastern and hilly
areas to about 7.0 kWh/m2 in western regions and cold dessert areas with the
sunshine hours ranging between 2300 and 3200 per year. In most parts of India,
clear sunny weather is experienced for 250 to 300 days a year. The annual global
radiation varies from 1600 to 2200 kWh/m2. The direct normal insolation1 (DNI)
over KARNATAKA varies from 1700 kWh/m2 to 1900 kWh/m2. This chapter covers
the detailed-feasibility of solar radiation resource assessment and Direct Normal
Insolation (DNI) study for Sidlaghatta ,KARNATAKA.
KARNATAKA state experiences a tropical type of climate. The geographical factors like
distance from the sea and altitude of the state have influenced the KARNATAKA
climate. The climatic condition during summer is hot and gusts of dry wind blows
over the state. During winter the temperature falls to some extent. During the
summer season in KARNATAKA, the temperature varies from 40 degree to 45.5
degree Celsius. From the month of March, the temperature starts to rise in
KARNATAKA. The summer season prevails from April to middle of June. In summer
very dry wind blows over most parts of the state. This influences the
KARNATAKA climate.
3.2 PR RATIO

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3.3 SATELITE VIEW OF THE PROJECT LOCATION

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3.4 SOLAR RADIATION MAP OF INDIA
KARNATAKA is endowed with the natural conditions suitable for setting up of solar
power plants with good radiation level (from 5.2 to 5.4 kWh/m2), neither too windy
(average 3.38 m/sec) nor very warm (average between 30 to 35°C), plain areas with
elevation less than 600 meters, the state offers one of the most ideal locations for
promoting small as well as large scale solar power plants.

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3.5 SOLAR RADIATION RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
Resource assessment is the primary and essential exercise towards project

evaluation. In India, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) measures the solar
radiation and other climatic parameters over various locations across the country
however, the measuring stations record only global and diffuse solar radiation on
horizontal surfaces. The photovoltaic technology utilizes both forms of solar radiation
i.e. direct as well as diffuse. The solar insulation is essentially the solar radiation
measured/assessed at a surface normal to Sunrays throughout the day. The direct
solar radiation is not measured at many locations of India; while it could be
estimated through global and diffuse solar radiation on horizontal surface. The direct
solar radiation is not measured by IMD in during while the global and diffuse solar
radiation values are measuring from last 25-30 years. The best way of carrying out
the solar radiation resource assessment is to use TMY3 (Typical Meteorological Year
weather data files) data files for selected location. Since the TMY data files for Indian
locations are not available, hence in the present study the METRONOME database
has been used for solar radiation study and DNI estimation. Further, the DNI values
estimated using METRONOME database have been compared with the values
obtained using IMD data as well as with the NASA satellite data for the location of
Sidlaghatta.

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SECTION- 4
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
&
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

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4.1 TECHNICAL SYSTEM DETAIL’S
Designing a megawatt-scale PV power plant is a complex process that requires

considerable technical experience and knowledge. There are many compromises that
need to be made in order to achieve the optimum balance between performance and
cost.
The performance of a PV power plant may be optimized by reducing the system
losses. Reducing the total loss increases the annual energy yield and hence the
revenue, though in some cases it may increase the cost of the plant. In addition,
efforts to reduce one type of loss may conflict with efforts to reduce losses of a
different type. It is the skill of the plant designer to make compromises that result in
a plant with a high performance at a reasonable cost. For plant design, there are
some general rules of thumb. But specifics of project locations such as irradiation
conditions, temperature, sun angles and shading should be taken into account in
order to achieve the optimum balance between annual energy yield and economic
return. We have used PVsyst Ver 6.7.3 simulation software to compare the impact of
different module or inverter technologies and different plant layouts on the predicted
energy yield and plant revenue. Accordingly the plant will comprise of following
components:
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GRID INTERACTIVE PV POWER PLANT

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4.3 PRINCIPLE OF SPV TECHNOLOGY
The SPV technology is based on the principle of converting photons present in light
into electric power. We are aware of the fact that all elements are made up of atoms.
Atoms in turn are made of positively charged protons & neutral neutrons in the
nucleus and negatively charge electrons arranged in the shells or orbits around the
nucleus. Except for noble metals the outermost orbit is not full. Due to this reason,
the atoms tend to combine with other atoms to attain stability. Silicon is the most
commonly used element for SPV application. The outer most shell of a silicon atom
has four electrons. These atoms share their electrons, in the outermost shell with the
neighbouring atoms to achieve stability. Such highly ordered structure is called cell.
Light acts as a flux of discrete particles called photons. Photons carry momentum but
do not have any charge. When the light falls on the semiconductor silicon cell,
photons penetrate deep into it. Photons have enough energy to dislodge electrons
from the bond, when they colloid with them. Electron so released becomes free to
wander throughput the semiconductor as a conduction electron and possesses a
negatively charged usable energy. Thus the light energy is converted into electric
energy. This "photovoltaic effect" is the basic physical process through which sunlight
is converted into electricity.
Photovoltaic effect:
The primary building block of a PV system is the PV cell. A typical PV cell is about 6"
x 6" and very thin. By itself, a single PV cell produces only a small amount of
electricity. Fortunately, it is easy to increase the total power in a PV system by
connecting several cells to form larger units called modules. Modules, in turn, can be
connected to form even larger units know as arrays, which can be interconnected to
produce more power, and so on. In this way, a PV system can be built to meet almost
any power need, no matter how small or big.
4.4 CURRENT SPV CELL TECHNOLOGIES
Photovoltaic (PV) cell technologies are broadly categorized as either crystalline

or thin film. Crystalline wafers provide high efficiency solar cells but are
relatively costly to manufacture; they are sub-divided into mono-crystalline or
multi-crystalline silicon. Mono-crystalline silicon cells are generally the most
efficient, but are also more costly than multi-crystalline. The on-grid solar
photovoltaic power plant to be proposed shall be consisting of Poly / Multi
crystalline solar modules with fixed tilt angle mounting systems and the solar
inverters shall be of grid interactive central type.
Based on further study and techno commercial feasibility, some of the megawatt
blocks in the project could be built using string inverters of different rating. The
details of the different components and options as indicated above are high
lightened in the subsequent sections of this document.

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The benefit of crystalline technology as compared to other existing technologies
is as Follows:
• It occupies less area when compared to other thin film technologies
• Proven technology over years
• Abundant semiconductor materials to support high volume production and
demand
• High volumes of production facilities throughout world
The performance of a PV module will decrease over time due to a process known
as degradation. Typically, the degradation rate is highest in the first year of
operation and then it stabilizes. PV modules may have a long term degradation
rate of between 0.3% and 1% per annum. Banks often assume a flat rate of
degradation rate of 0.5% per annum.
Modules are either mounted on fixed angle frames or on sun-tracking frames.
Fixed frames are simpler to install, cheaper and require less maintenance.
However, tracking systems can increase yield by up to 34%. Tracking,
particularly for areas with a high direct/diffuse irradiation ratio, also enables a
smoother power output.
4.5 SOLAR INVERTER
are solid state electronic devices that convert DC electricity generated by the PV
modules into AC electricity, suitable for supply to the grid. In addition, inverters
can also perform a range of functions to maximize the output of a PV plant.
In general, there are two main classes of inverters: central inverters and string
inverters. Central inverters are connected to a number of parallel strings of
modules. String inverters are connected to one or more series strings. While
numerous string inverters are required for a large plant, individual inverters are
smaller and more easily maintained than a central inverter
their electrons, in the outermost shell with the neighbouring atoms to achieve
stability. Such highly ordered structure is called cell
Light acts as a flux of discrete particles called photons. Photons carry
momentum but do not have any charge. When the light falls on the
semiconductor silicon cell, photons penetrate deep into it. Photons have enough
energy to dislodge electrons from the bond, when they colloid with them.
Electron so released becomes free to wander throughput the semiconductor as a
conduction electron and possesses a negatively charged usable energy. Thus the
light energy is converted into electric energy. This "photovoltaic effect" is the
basic physical process through which sunlight is converted into electricity.

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4.6 TECHNICAL DETAIL OF SOLAR INVERTER
The Solar Inverter Protect PV product line designed by SMA STP-60 offers
professional solutions for utility-scale applications on industrial roofs and
ground area installations. A key feature of the PV product line is its power stack
with advance-design measuring and control technology enabling DC input
voltages of up to 1000 VDC
Suggested AC capacity 840 kW
No of Inverter 14
Inverter make SMA
Inverter model no SMA –STP 60
Inverter capacity 60kw
Width of inverter 570 MM
Height of Inverter 740 MM
Diameter of Inverter 306 MM
Weight of Inverter 75 KG
Maximum Input voltage 1000 V
Minimum Input Voltage 565 V
MPPT voltage range 570- 800 V
Frequency 50 Hz
Efficiency 98.8 %
4.7 POWER OUTPUT
Solar Inverters are solid state electronic devices that convert DC electricity
generated by the PV modules into AC electricity, suitable for supply to the grid.
In addition, inverters can also perform a range of functions to maximize the
output of a PV plant.
In general, there are two main classes of inverters: central inverters and string

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inverters. Central inverters are connected to a number of parallel strings of
modules. String inverters are connected to one or more series strings. While
numerous string inverters are required for a large plant, individual inverters are
smaller and more easily maintained than a central inverter.
While central inverters remain the configuration of choice for most utility-scale
PV projects, both configurations have their pros and cons. Central inverters
offer high reliability and ease of installation. String inverters, on the other hand,
are cheaper to manufacture, simpler to maintain and can give enhanced power
plant performance on some sites.
PV modules and inverters are all subject to certification, predominantly by the
IEC. However, one major absence in the standards is performance and energy
rating testing other than at standard testing conditions (STC). A standard is
being prepared for this, which should enable easier comparison of
manufacturers.
The performance ratio (PR) of a well-designed PV power plant will typically be in
the region of 75% to 90%, degrading over the lifetime of the plant. The capacity
factor should typically be in the region of 16%. In general, good quality PV
modules may be expected to have a useful life of 25 to 30 years.
4.8 BASIC PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
Based on a nominal 967 Kwp Solar PV (Poly Crystalline) plant development, an

area of 10000 M2 would be required. Required physical characteristics for a
location include:
• access to solar PV array
• Located as near as practical to a connection point to Utility's Distribution
high
• voltage transmission network;
• Access to a water supply and waste water disposal;
• Appropriate separation from domestic residences, noise and visual
• Impact sensitive areas;
• Located such that the site is not overlooked by significant population centres.
4.9 SOLAR PV MODULE
These convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic
effect in a silent and clean process that requires no moving parts. The
photovoltaic effect is a semiconductor effect whereby solar radiation falling onto
the semiconductor PV cells generates electron movement. The output from a
solar PV cell is direct current (DC) electricity. A PV power plant contains many
cells connected together in modules and many modules connected together in

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strings to produce the required DC power output.
4.10 SOLAR PV MODULES FEATURE
• High module conversion efficiency (up to 20%), through superior

manufacturing technology
• Anti-reflective coating improves light absorption and reduces surface dust
• Entire module certified to withstand high wind loads (2400 Pascal) and snow
loads (5400 Pascal)
• High salt mist and ammonia resistance
4.11 TECHNICAL DETAIL OF SOLAR PV MODULES
DETAIL OF SPV MODULE

Suggested Dc capacity at life care site
967 Kwp
2
NO of Module 3120 PCS
PV module type POLYCRYSTALLINE
Module make REC
Length with frame 1968 MM
Width with frame 991 MM
Thickness with frame 45 MM
Maximum power rating 27 KG
Rated current 8.34 AMP
Rated voltage 37.20 V
Open circuit voltage 45.5 V
Short circuit current 8.88 AMP
4.12 MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE
These allow PV modules to be securely attached to the roof at a fixed tilt angle.
4.13 TECHNICAL DETAIL OF MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE
Modules will be mounted on a non-corrosive support structures.

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Max. wind
Structure Material Salient features
load
High reliability
150 – Clamps approved
SAPA Alluminium
200 kmph for use with
Solar Modules.
4.14 STEP UP TRONSFORMER
The output from the inverters generally requires a further step-up in voltage to
reach the AC grid voltage level. The step-up transformer takes the output from
the inverters to the required grid voltage (for example 25 kV, 33 kV, 38 kV, 110
kV depending on the grid connection point and requirements).
4.15 TECHNICAL DETAIL’S OF POWER TRANSFORMER
Each step up transformer shall be 3 phase, 50 Hz capacity and able to step up

to 11 KV. The noise level shall be in accordance to NEMA TR-1. Transformer
shall have Off Circuit tap Changer with tapings of at least +/- 5% with
individual steps of 2.5%. The vector group, impedance, bushing rating, HV/LV
termination & neutral earthing shall also meet the system requirement & shall
also be in line with the standards as mentioned in this specification. The Air
clearance shall be in line with Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP)
norms. Suitable Bushing CTs shall be provided to meet the system protection
requirement. The Transformer shall be in accordance to IS: 2026 or equivalent
to any other international standard.
4.16 MEDIUM VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
The output from the inverter is 415V three phases AC. This is stepped up to
11kV and then to appropriate next transformer level. Transformers used are
ONAN/ONAF type. Appropriate vector configuration is chosen for proper
interconnection and protection requirements.

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Parameter Specificaton
Voltage Ratio (kv) 11kV/ 0.415
No. of phases 3
Frequency (hz) 50
Vector group dyn11
Termination (hv) Cable Box
Termination (lv) Cable Box
Cooling ONAN / ONAF
4.17 THE GRID CONNECTION INTERFACE
This is where the electricity is exported into the grid network. The substation
will also have the required grid interface switchgear such as circuit breakers
and disconnects for protection and isolation of the PV power plant as well as
generation and supply metering equipment. The substation and metering point
are often external to the PV power plant boundary and are typically located on
the network operator's property
4.18 SCADA – MONITORING SYSTEM
The SPV plant shall be automatically operated and shall be controlled by

microprocessor- based control system SCADA. There should be data logging and
display system for continuous monitoring of data. An integrated SCADA will be
supplied which will be capable of communicating with all inverters and provide
information of the entire Solar PV Grid connect power plant. SCADA will provide
instantaneous average, along with 10 to 15 minute daily, monthly and annual
average of following parameters as per customer requirements:
• Power at 415V/11 KV terminal
• Ambient temperature
• Wind Speed
• AC and DC side Power of each inverter
• Solar irradiation/isolation
• Any other parameter considered necessary by supplier based on current
prudent practice

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• Exported Energy
• Energy of each inverter
4.19 COMBINER BOX
Combiner boxes are usually used on both DC side and AC side of solar
photovoltaic power plant. On the DC side of the solar photovoltaic power plant,
DC combiner boxes are used for termination of the modules strings and that on
the AC side to combine the multiple inputs from DC combiner boxes before final
termination onto the inverters. The designed and proposed combiner boxes are
of dust, vermin, and waterproof make. The terminals will be connected to
copper bus-bar arrangement of proper sizes. The junction boxes will have
suitable cable entry points fitted with cable glands of appropriate sizes for both
incoming and outgoing cables.
Technical Specification of Combiner Boxes
Material Thermoplastic / Metal Sheet
Type Dust, Vermin & Water proof
Hardware SS 304
Cable Gland Thermoplastic
Protection IP 65
The cables will be suitable for laying on racks, in ducts, trenches, conduits and
underground (buried) installations with chances of flooding by water. The
Cables will be flame retardant, low smoke (FRLS) type designed to withstand all
mechanical, electrical and thermal stresses developed under steady state and
transient operating conditions as specified elsewhere in this specification. The
aluminium conductor used in power cables shall have tensile strength of more
than 100 N/ sq.mm. The Conductors will be multi stranded. The XLPE
insulation will be suitable for continuous conductor temperature of 90 deg. C
and short circuit conductor temperature of 250° C. The cable cores will be laid
up with fillers between the cores wherever necessary. It will not stick to
insulation and inner sheath. All the cables, other than single core unarmored
cables, shall have distinct extruded PVC inner sheath of black colours per IS:
5831. All cables have been designed to minimize losses and ensure optimal
operation even at high temperatures. These cables are extremely robust and
resist high mechanical load and abrasion. High temperature resistance and
excellent weather proofing characteristic provide a long service life. The

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proposed cable ratings are tentative only and it can be finalized during detailed
engineering.
Parameters Specifications
Type XLPE/PVC – Armored & Unarmored
Short circuit temperature range 250 Deg. C
Standard IS 5831/Equivalent
Conductor class IEC 60228 Class 5

Material Copper/Aluminium
Protection IP 65
Tensile strength 100 N/Sq.mm
4.20 LV/MV PANELS
The LV/MV panel has been designed to be an accumulating point for 967 Kwp
PV power plant segments at a 11kV/415V level from the transformers. It
contains standard protection functions for high voltage range and also a
performance monitoring system to allow simple and instant system observation.
All the panels complying to relevant IEC and IS standards.
LV/MV Out IP Salient

Breaker
Panel Put Protection features
ABB Suitable 3P, AS per site With LED
Rating 50Hz condition indicators
4.21 EARTHING SYSTEM
Each array structure of the PV yard will be grounded properly as per IS 3043 -
1987 standard. All metal casing / shielding of the plant shall be thoroughly
grounded in accordance with the Indian Electricity act / IE Rules.
Suitable number of earth pits will be provided at the inverter . All AC side earth
pits will be suitably interconnected to create a common earth.
4.22 LIGHTNING SYSTEM
The components used - AJB's and Inverters have inbuilt surge suppressors.
Appropriate lighting protection will be provided at the Master Control Room
(MCR), Inverter shelter and the Switch Yard for protection from lighting strike

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4.23 MONITORING SYSTEM
The system is an innovative monitoring and analysis system for large PV plants.
It is Upgradeable with RS 485 bus compatible components (like junction boxes).
The system supports the diagnostic and monitoring functions for these
components.
4.24 MONITORING CENTRAL SYSTEM
Each inverters and junction boxes are monitored down to the string level.
Measurement of the temperature, irradiation, string level current values, etc. is
recorded and the data is transmitted for monitoring. A constant target/actual
analysis enable malfunctions to be detected in their initial stages and an
immediate notification is sent to a definable group of people.
4.25 POWER OUTPUT AND MEASURING MECHANISM FOR TOTAL POWER
PLANT
A plant of this size is bound to be dynamic. It becomes all the more important to
be able to record energy yield, continually monitor the whole plant and detect
operation failures early with ease. To make the task easy each inverter can
communicate its status with various data logging and display units. The
communication channel could be RS 485, RS 232, and Ethernet. Very powerful
data visualization software allows monitoring of each inverter performance,
total energy yield, power generated, ambient conditions, and incident
irradiation. It allows for interruption free documentation of system data. The
data can easily be monitored from any location in the world. Along with
computer based data logging, high accuracy energy meters are provided as well
for onsite measurement of data.
Solar Photovoltaic power plant performance tests starts from module string
testing to inverter output. Every string is tested for DC output power before it is
connected to the inverter via a string combiner.
Next AC energy output from the inverter is measured using energy meter. This
procedure is followed across the entire power plant system.
Communication channel between Inverters, data logger and PC
For detecting faults and measuring performance at a finer level special string
monitoring units are installed that can monitor individual strings and detect
any deviation from ideal performance. By measuring and comparing the
individual string currents, power deviations in the solar generator are detected
reliably and are analyzed directly. If failures occur in individual modules, or in
the string cabling, they can be detected very easily. The string monitoring
reliably detects failures, and thus prevents power losses and yield losses. This
saves precious time detecting faults in the system.

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4.26 OPERATION GUIDELINES
• Remove all the metallic jewellery around neck wrists & hands before working
on SPV Array
• Work on the array before Sunrise or after Sunset or cover the array with some
opaque cover or thick blanket to ensure it is not producing energy.
• Washing of the modules/panels of the array shall only be done before Sunrise
or Sufficiently after Sun set to prevent thermo shock to the top glass cover of
the modules.
4.27 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
• Maintenance of mechanical and electrical plant, control systems, buildings,

roads, drainages and sewage systems etc.
• Operation of the plant, planning and scheduling maintenance works and
deciding the requirement of spare parts.
• The Plant Manager will be assisted by departmental engineers, who take care
of the maintenance aspects of all mechanical, electrical and I&C requirement.
• Trained technicians will be employed to assist the maintenance group in day -
to – day maintenance of the plant.
4.28 PANEL CLEANING SYSTEM
• Dirt and debris reduce the ability of the solar array to perform at full capacity.
• PV modules can be cleaned either manually or mechanically.
• In places of high pollution and dust accumulation, the modules can be
cleaned either monthly or bi-monthly depending on the dust accumulation by
spraying a jet of water on the modules.
4.29 ENERGY GENERATION
The, estimated annual energy generation from SRTPV with above system is
guaranteed to be at 1500000 units for 967 KWp.
The output of the solar PV panels degrades over the course of years due to
continual outdoor operation. This reduces the generated electrical energy by at
most 1% per year. The table below shows the degraded output expected over years
of operations. We will stand behind this guarantee agreeing to compensate for loss
of revenue if output is below these minimum guaranteed values.

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Derated Expected Output

Year
Output
kWh/Year
1 100.00% 1500000
2 99.00% 1485000
3 98.00% 1470150
4 97.00% 1455449
5 96.00% 1440894
6 95.00% 1426485
7 94.00% 1412220
8 93.00% 1398098
9 92.00% 1384117
10 91.00% 1370276
11 90.00% 1356573
12 89.00% 1343007
13 88.00% 1329577
14 87.00% 1316282
15 86.00% 1303119
16 85.00% 1290088
17 84.00% 1277187
18 83.00% 1264415
19 82.00% 1251771
20 81.00% 1239253
21 80.00% 1226860
4.30 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR PROJECT COMPLETION
The complete 967 kWp EPC project will be completed within 18 -20 week from
the the placement of the order. In order to expedite the completion, it will be
necessary to initiate a number of activities simultaneously, such as site survey
and data collection. These can be initiated as soon as a firm order and advance
payment is made towards the project.
A strict time-bound project monitoring system is followed for Project monitoring.

Page 27
4.31 WARRANTY OF THE COMPONENT
Warranty of the major component selected for the projects is as follows

This will be supported by back to back transferable warranty by the original
manufacturers.
S.No Component Warranty

( in years)
1 Module 25
2 Power Conditioning Unit 5
3 Balance of System 1
Table 4.1 Warranty of major components
4.32 SUMMARY
This Project Report has given a detailed description of the project for a 967 kWp
Solar PV installation at Sidlaghatta-KARNATAKA. After discussing the salient
features of the project, this by followed by information about Varchasva.
An information about site is presented including climate characteristics, resources
and advantages of installing PV systems in Sidlaghatta-KARNATAKA
Next, various system design aspects and component of system are addressed.
The estimated energy yield physical layout, and commissioning of the plant are
described in detail.

Page 28
SECTION - 5
PROJECT ECONOMICS

Page 29
5.1 COST OF PROJECT
Total cost of the 967 kWp Solar Project has been estimated at Rs. 5.31 Crores.
The cost of the project and other financials has been considered keeping mainly
in view the normative norms suggested by the "CERC Tariff Regulations for
Renewable Energy Sources". The cost is further justified on the basis of prevailing
market price of power generation systems as per the information/enquiries
obtained from reputed suppliers of solar power generation systems and other
items.
5.2 SELLING PRICE OF ELECTRICITY
Selling price of electricity is taken at Rs.7.08 per kWh. The generated power can be
sold through tendering or negotiation to following parties / Agencies:
(a) Open access consumer
(b) Sell to obligated agencies
(c) Local captive users
(d) Local utility board
(e) Interstate buyers
5.3 COST OF POWER GENERATION
Cost of electricity generation from the proposed solar power plant of 967 KWp
capacities is calculated for next 10 years of operation from the date of
commissioning. Cost of power generation has been considered based on normative
norms suggested by the "CERC Tariff Regulations for Renewable Energy Sources".
Cost of electricity generation from the proposed solar power plant of 967 KWp
capacities is calculated for next 20 years of operation from the date of
commissioning.

Page 30
Expected Output Cost of

Derated Per year
Year Electricity/unit
Output kWh/Year total cost
(Rs)
1 100.00% 1500000 7.08 10620000
2 99.00% 1485000 7.08 10513800
3 98.00% 1470150 7.08 10408662
4 97.00% 1455449 7.08 10304575
5 96.00% 1440894 7.08 10201530
6 95.00% 1426485 7.08 10099514
7 94.00% 1412220 7.08 9998519
8 93.00% 1398098 7.08 9898534
9 92.00% 1384117 7.08 9799549
10 91.00% 1370276 7.08 9701553
11 90.00% 1356573 7.08 9604538
12 89.00% 1343007 7.08 9508492
13 88.00% 1329577 7.08 9413407
14 87.00% 1316282 7.08 9319273
15 86.00% 1303119 7.08 9226081
16 85.00% 1290088 7.08 9133820
17 84.00% 1277187 7.08 9042482
18 83.00% 1264415 7.08 8952057
19 82.00% 1251771 7.08 8862536
20 81.00% 1239253 7.08 8773911
21 80.00% 1226860 7.08 8686172
5.4 SALES, PROFITABILITY & CASH FLOW
The project will earn profit right from the inception stage. Total revenue from the
installed 967 KWp SPV plant for the first year shall be Rs. 1,06,200,00 rupees
before all the expenses, depreciation and taxation. Thus,

Page 31
SECTION – 6
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
STRATEGY

Page 32
6.1 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
It is envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of activities.
These phases are not mutually exclusive. To implement the project on fast track
basis some degree of overlapping is envisaged.
Phase I - Project development
Phase II - Finalization of the Equipment and Contracts
PhaseIII - Procurement and construction
Phase IV - Plant commissioning
6.1 PHASE I – PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
In any power project, project development phase plays an important role. Almost
50% of the work is done if one achieves signing of the power purchase agreement
from the respective state utilities. The project development starts with visits to the
region, understanding about the regional conditions, socio economic conditions,
transportation facilities and infrastructure facilities available in region.
Apart from the above, the below listed tasks will be under project development:
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Submission of DPR
State Regulatory Authority approval Land acquisition / mortgage
During this implementation phase, a project team will be formed. The engineers
from the group will be involved from early stages of execution of the project. This
would give them the opportunity to familiarize with the equipment and systems
being installed. These personnel would get involved with the installation and
commissioning team of the EPC contractor. After the plant is commissioned, these
engineers and technicians would occupy key positions in the organization
structure for the operation and maintenance of the plant.
6.2 PHASE II –FINALIZATION OF THE EQUIPMENT AND CONTRACTS
In the solar PV power plant, modules and junction boxes are the key items and the
planning schedule of the project should provide adequate time periods for the
procurement and installation of these. The specifications for major equipment
shall be drawn up at an early stage of the project. A program for flow of design
information from the equipment suppliers that satisfies the overall project
schedule shall be drawn up.
Since, the project execution calls for closer coordination among the contractors,
consultants and the company, proper contract co-ordination and monitoring
procedures shall be made to plan and monitor the project progress.

Page 33
6.3 PHASE III - PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
Procurement is an important function for the implementation of the project. Once

the purchase order is placed, the project team follows up regularly to ensure
smooth and timely execution of the contract and for obtaining technical
information for the interpackage engineering.
When the contracts for the equipment’s are awarded, detailed program in the form
of a project activity network is prepared and interface activities are tied up with
the supplier to clearly indicate the owner's obligations and the suppliers'
responsibilities. The project team follows up regularly to ensure smooth and
timely execution of the contract including receipt of technical information for the
inter-package engineering. The procurement activity includes review of drawings,
expediting supplies, final pre delivery inspection and supervision of installation
and commissioning. Adequate power and water shall be made available for the
construction.
Construction Manager would have the overall responsibility of the site
6.4 PHASE IV - ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING PHASE
The commissioning phase in a project is one where design, manufacturing,

erection and quality assurance expertise are put to test. The commissioning team
will be from manufacturer of the equipment, consultant and the company. As
discussed in the earlier section, staff identified to operate the plant will be involved
in the commissioning phase of the project.
When construction phase is complete, the plant will be tested according to a
checklist to ensure that the plant has been properly installed with appropriate
safety measures. The commissioning team will follow the operating instructions.
The plant shall be subjected to a performance test.

Page 34
THANK YOU

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DPR 1 - 967 KWP Rooftop Project

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Detail Project Report –Life care site-2,Karnataka

DETAIL PROJECT REPORT OF 967 Kwp SOLAR ROOFTOP

LIFE CARE SITE -2

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT.LTD.

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW:-

Project Promoter LIFE CARE

To arrange, construct and bring to full

1.2 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY

The proposed plant is designed to

Peak capacity 967 Kwp Total

Tentative schedule 100 days

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

1.3 PROJECT COST

Equipment cost Rs 3.72 Crore

Erection & Commissioning Rs 1.59 Crore

TOTAL COST Rs 5.31 crore

1.4 CRITICAL PARAMETERS

Annual Solar Insolation 1956 Kwh/m2

Project cost per MW 5.5 Rs. Crore /Mw

Total project cost 5.31 Rs.crore

Operation & maintenance 5.31 Rs. Lakh/annum

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

2.2 WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO

2.3 INDIA ENERGY SCENARIO

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

2.4 SCOPE OF SOLAR POWER GENERATION IN KARNATAKA

2.5 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS REQUIRED

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

2.6 BRIEF BACKGROUND OF VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

Varchasva Energy was incorporated to provide solar energy as sustainable success

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

3.3 SATELITE VIEW OF THE PROJECT LOCATION

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

3.4 SOLAR RADIATION MAP OF INDIA

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

3.5 SOLAR RADIATION RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

Resource assessment is the primary and essential exercise towards project

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

4.1 TECHNICAL SYSTEM DETAIL’S

Designing a megawatt-scale PV power plant is a complex process that requires

4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GRID INTERACTIVE PV POWER PLANT

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

4.4 CURRENT SPV CELL TECHNOLOGIES

Photovoltaic (PV) cell technologies are broadly categorized as either crystalline

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

VARCHASVA ENERGY PVT LTD

4.6 TECHNICAL DETAIL OF SOLAR INVERTER

Suggested AC capacity 840 kW

Inverter make SMA

Inverter model no SMA –STP 60

Inverter capacity 60kw

Width of inverter 570 MM