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    Graphics Mode Initialization

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    archana naik
    The document provides information about various graphics functions in C graphics. It begins by explaining how to initialize graphics using initgraph(). It then describes functions to draw basic shapes like line(), circle(), rectangle(), etc. It also covers functions for colors, patterns and fills like setcolor(), setlinestyle(), floodfill(), setfillstyle(). Examples are given for each function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Graphics Mode Initialization

    Uploaded by

    archana naik
    142 views17 pages
    The document provides information about various graphics functions in C graphics. It begins by explaining how to initialize graphics using initgraph(). It then describes functions to draw basic shapes like line(), circle(), rectangle(), etc. It also covers functions for colors, patterns and fills like setcolor(), setlinestyle(), floodfill(), setfillstyle(). Examples are given for each function.

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    Original Title

    c Graphics.docx

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    The document provides information about various graphics functions in C graphics. It begins by explaining how to initialize graphics using initgraph(). It then describes functions to draw basic shapes like line(), circle(), rectangle(), etc. It also covers functions for colors, patterns and fills like setcolor(), setlinestyle(), floodfill(), setfillstyle(). Examples are given for each function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    142 views17 pages

    Graphics Mode Initialization

    Uploaded by

    archana naik
    The document provides information about various graphics functions in C graphics. It begins by explaining how to initialize graphics using initgraph(). It then describes functions to draw basic shapes like line(), circle(), rectangle(), etc. It also covers functions for colors, patterns and fills like setcolor(), setlinestyle(), floodfill(), setfillstyle(). Examples are given for each function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    C graphics

    Graphics mode Initialization


    The first step in any graphics program is to initialize the graphics drivers on the computer
    using initgraph() method present in graphics.h header file.
    It initializes the graphics system by loading the passed graphics driver
    then changing the system into graphics mode. It also resets or initializes
    all graphics settings like color, palette, current position etc, to their
    default values

    void initgraph(int *graphicsDriver, int *graphicsMode, char *driverDirectoryPath);


    graphicsDriver :
     It is a pointer to an integer specifying the graphics driver to be used.
     It tells the compiler that which graphics driver to be use or automatically
    detect the drive.
     DETECT is a macro of graphics.h library that instruct compiler for auto
    detection of graphics driver.

    graphicsMode :
     It is a pointer to an integer specifies the graphics mode to be used.
     If *graphdriver = DETECT, initgraph sets *graphmode to the highest resolution
    availablefor the detected driver.
     You can give it a value using a constant of the graphics_drivers enumeration type,
    which is defined in graphics.h and listed below.
    driverDirectoryPath :
     It specifies the path of graphics driver files i.e. (BGI files) .
     If directory path is not provided, then it will search in current working directory
    directory i.e. "c://tc//BGI" or other working directory
     you can change path of BGI directory accordingly your Turbo C++ compiler is
    installed.
    Colors in C Graphics
    There are 16 colors declared in C Graphics. We use colors to set drawing color, background
    color, text color, or to color a shape etc. 
    To specify a color, we can either use color constants like setcolor() method i.e setcolor(RED),
    or their corresponding integer codes like setcolor(4). 
    Below is the color code constant in increasing order are listed below.

    Line
    line() is use to draw line from 1 coordinate to another. 

    syntax
    void line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

    Example
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");

    line(100, 100, 200, 100);

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

    setlinestyle() function is use to draw line of different style. syntax are given below

    syntax
    void setlinestyle(int linestyle, unsigned upattern, int thickness);

    where,
    linestyle: defines the different types of style given below

    upattern: It should be 0 or any non-zero value consider for


    SOLID_LINE,DOTTED_LINE ,CENTER_LINE and DASHED_LINE but
    It must be any Non-zero value for USERBIT_LINE ,
    for 0 USERBIT_LINE line not display

    thickness: thickness define the width of lines can be normal or thick given below.

    setlinestyle() function :
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    int x=50,y=50,i;
    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
    cleardevice();

    for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
    {

    setlinestyle(i,1,3); /* i: for line pattern 1: for USERBIT_LINE display 3: for THICK_WIDTH */


    line(x,y,x+150,y);

    y=y+20;
    }
    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:
    Circle

    circle() is use to draw circle. 

    syntax
    void circle(int xcenter, int ycenter, int radius);
    Example
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");

    circle(100, 100,50);

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

    arc
    syntax
    void arc(int x, int y, int start-angle, int end-angle, int radius);

    Example of arc() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");

    arc(100, 100, 0, 180, 50);

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for bar : 

    syntax
    void bar(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);

    Example of bar() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");

    bar(100, 100, 100+50, 100+50);

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for ellipse : 

    syntax
    void ellipse(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle, int xradius, int yradius);

    Example of ellipse() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");


    cleardevice();
    ellipse(100, 200, 0, 360, 50, 30);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for rectangle : 

    syntax
    void rectangle(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);

    Example of rectangle() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");


    cleardevice();
    rectangle(100, 100, 100+100, 100+50);

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }
    Output:

      C Graphics Code for drawpoly : 

    Drawpoly function is used to draw polygons i.e. triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon etc.

    syntax
    void drawpoly( int num, int *polypoints );
    where,
    num is total number of point+1 eg. traingle contain 3 point so num=3+1
    polypoints is an array[] eg. int polypoints[] = {100,100, 200,100, 150,50, 100,100};

    Example of drawpoly() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    int points[]={100,100, 200,100, 150,50, 100,100};

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");


    cleardevice();
    drawpoly(4,points); /* to draw traingle no of point is 3 so 3+1=4*/

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for fillpoly : 

    fillpoly() function is used to draw polygons i.e. triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon etc
    with white filled colored.

    syntax
    void fillpoly( int num, int *polypoints );
    where,
    num is total number of point+1 eg. traingle contain 3 point so num=3+1
    polypoints is an array[] eg. int polypoints[] = {100,100, 200,100, 150,50, 100,100};

    Example of fillpoly() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    int points[]={100,100, 200,100, 150,50, 100,100};

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");


    cleardevice();
    fillpoly(4,points); /* to draw traingle no of point is 3 so 3+1=4*/
    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for getmaxx() and getmaxy() : 

    getmaxx(): return the the maximum X coordinate for current graphics mode and driver.
    getmaxy(): return the the maximum Y coordinate for current graphics mode and driver.

    syntax
    int getmaxx();
    int getmaxy();

    Example of getmaxx() & getmaxy() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    int x,y;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");


    cleardevice();

    x=getmaxx(); /* x=max X coordinate */


    y=getmaxy(); /* y=max Y coordinate */
    circle(x/2,y/2,50); /* x/2 is center of x axis and y/2 is center of y axis */

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for setcolor() : 

    setcolor() function is use to set drawing color.

    syntax
    void setcolor(int color);

    Example of setcolor() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    int x=50,y=50,i;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");


    cleardevice();
    for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
    {
    setcolor(i+1);
    setlinestyle(i,1,3); /* i: for line pattern 1: for USERBIT_LINE display 3: for THICK_WIDTH */
    line(x,y,x+150,y);

    y=y+20;
    }
    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for floodfill() : 

    floodfill function is used to fill an enclosed area eg rectangle,circle, polygon etc. (x, y) is any
    point on the screen if (x,y) lies inside the area then inside will be filled otherwise outside will
    be filled,border specifies the color of boundary of area. To change fill pattern setfillstyle()
    function is use.

    syntax
    void floodfill(int x, int y, int border);

    Example of floodfill() function :


    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
    cleardevice();

    circle(100,100,50);
    floodfill(100,100,WHITE);/* where 100,100 is point inside the circle WHITE is boundry color
    of circle */

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

      C Graphics Code for setfillstyle() : 

    setfillstyle() function sets the current fill pattern and fill color syntax is given below.

    syntax
    void setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);

    Below is the table showing INTEGER VALUES corresponding to Patterns :


    Example of setfillstyle() function :
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>

    int main()
    {
    int gd = DETECT, gm;

    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");


    cleardevice();

    setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL ,RED);
    circle(100,100,50);
    floodfill(100,100,WHITE);

    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
    }

    Output:

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