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    Heat Transfer: Heat Temperature Internal Energy First Law of Thermodynamics

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    ASHOK
    Heat transfer occurs in three main ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact through molecular interactions. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluids such as air and water, where hotter parts rise and cooler parts sink, creating convection currents. Convection plays a major role in transporting heat within the sun and molten earth's core.

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    Heat Transfer: Heat Temperature Internal Energy First Law of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    ASHOK
    45 views3 pages
    Heat transfer occurs in three main ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact through molecular interactions. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluids such as air and water, where hotter parts rise and cooler parts sink, creating convection currents. Convection plays a major role in transporting heat within the sun and molten earth's core.

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    Heat Transfer

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    Heat transfer occurs in three main ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact through molecular interactions. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluids such as air and water, where hotter parts rise and cooler parts sink, creating convection currents. Convection plays a major role in transporting heat within the sun and molten earth's core.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    45 views3 pages

    Heat Transfer: Heat Temperature Internal Energy First Law of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    ASHOK
    Heat transfer occurs in three main ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact through molecular interactions. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluids such as air and water, where hotter parts rise and cooler parts sink, creating convection currents. Convection plays a major role in transporting heat within the sun and molten earth's core.

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    Heat Transfer

    The transfer of heat is normally from a high temperature object to a lower temperature
    object. Heat transfer changes the internal energy of both systems involved according to
    the First Law of Thermodynamics.

    Heat Conduction
    Conduction is heat transfer by means of molecular agitation within a material without any
    motion of the material as a whole. If one end of a metal rod is at a higher temperature,
    then energy will be transferred down the rod toward the colder end because the higher
    speed particles will collide with the slower ones with a net transfer of energy to the
    slower ones. For heat transfer between two plane surfaces, such as heat loss through the
    wall of a house, the rate of conduction heat transfer is:

    Calculation

    = heat transferred in time =


    = thermal conductivity of the barrier

    = area

    = temperature
    = thickness of barrier

    Heat Convection
    Convection is heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the
    heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it.
    Convection above a hot surface occurs because hot air expands, becomes less dense, and
    rises (see Ideal Gas Law). Hot water is likewise less dense than cold water and rises,
    causing convection currents which transport energy.

    Convection can also lead to circulation in a


    liquid, as in the heating of a pot of water
    over a flame. Heated water expands and
    becomes more buoyant. Cooler, more dense
    water near the surface descends and
    patterns of circulation can be formed,
    though they will not be as regular as
    suggested in the drawing.

    Convection cells are visible in the heated cooking


    oil in the pot at left. Heating the oil produces
    changes in the index of refraction of the oil,
    making the cell boundaries visible. Circulation
    patterns form, and presumably the wall-like
    structures visible are the boundaries between the
    circulation patterns.
    Convection is thought to play a major role in
    transporting energy from the center of the Sun
    to the surface, and in movements of the hot
    magma beneath the surface of the earth. The
    visible surface of the Sun (the photosphere)
    has a granular appearance with a typical
    dimension of a granule being 1000 kilometers.
    The image at right is from the NASA Solar
    Physics website and is credited to G. Scharmer
    and the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope.
    The granules are described as convection cells
    which transport heat from the interior of the
    Sun to the surface.

    In ordinary heat transfer on the Earth, it is difficult to quantify the effects of convection
    since it inherently depends upon small nonuniformities in an otherwise fairly
    homogeneous medium. In modeling things like the cooling of the human body, we
    usually just lump it in with conduction.

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