Del Prado VS Caballero

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DEL PRADO VS CABALLERO

Several parcels of land, including Cadastral Lot No. 11909, were adjudicatedin favor of Spouses Antonio and Leonarda Caballero
in 1985; hence, the courtordered for the issuance of the decree of registration and the corresponding titles of the lots in favor
of the Caballeros.On June 11, 1990, Spouses Caballero sold to Carmen del Prado, Cadastral LotNo. 11909 on the basis of the tax
declaration covering the property. On March 20,1991, petitioner filed in the same cadastral proceedings a "Petition for
Registrationof Document Under PD 1529" in order that a certificate of title be issued in hername, covering the whole Lot No.
11909, which is in excess of the allotted area tobe sold. In the petition, she alleged that the tenor of the instrument of
saleindicated that the sale was for a lump sum, in which case, the vendor was bound todeliver all that was included within said
boundaries even when it exceeded the areaspecified in the contract.
Issue
WON the petitioner’s recourse, by filing the petition for registration in thesame cadastral case, was proper.
Ruling
Petitioner’s recourse, by filing the petition for registration in the samecadastral case, was improper. It is a fundamental
principle in land registration that acertificate of title serves as evidence of an indefeasible and incontrovertible title tothe
property in favor of the person whose name appears therein. Suchindefeasibility commences after one year from the date of
entry of the decree of registration. Inasmuch as the petition for registration of document did not interruptthe running of the
period to file the appropriate petition for review and consideringthat the prescribed one-year period had long since expired, the
decree of registration, as well as the certificate of title issued in favor of respondents, hadbecome incontrovertible.In addition,
what really defines a piece of ground is not the area, calculatedwith more or less certainty, mentioned in its description, but the
boundaries thereinlaid down, as enclosing the land and indicating its limits. However, numerical dataare not the sole gauge of
unreasonableness of the excess or deficiency in area. Inthe instant case, the parties agreed on the purchase price of P

40,000.00 for apredetermined area of 4,000 sq m, with the specified boundaries. Clearly, thediscrepancy of 10,475 sq m cannot
be considered a slight difference in quantity. Itis not a reasonable excess or deficiency that should be deemed included in
thedeed of sale

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