Oil Price Fall

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Futures shock

The steep fall in oil prices is


not all good news for India

F
ive decades after the oil shock of 1973, when an
Arab embargo on the supply of oil to some west-
ern powers including the United States sent the
price of crude skyrocketing fourfold to $12 a barrel, the
global economy faces a fresh shock from a free-fall in oil
prices. On Monday, May futures for the West Texas In-
termediate (WTI) U.S. crude plunged below zero to
touch a historic low of -$40.32 a barrel. A negative price
implies that a seller would have to pay the buyer to hold
the oil to be supplied. While the unprecedented plunge
in the particular futures contract could be partly ex-
plained away as a technical anomaly given that the May
contract was set to expire on Tuesday, beyond which
buyers would need to be ready to take physical deliv-
ery, the reality is that oil prices are desperately in
search of a bottom. A perfect storm of a supply glut exa-
cerbated in March by a price war that saw key produc-
ers Saudi Arabia and Russia ramp up output even as de-
mand continued to contract on account of the
COVID-19 outbreak sent prices into a steeper slide.
Brent crude futures have tumbled more than 67% in
2020 to about $21 a barrel as of Tuesday afternoon in
London trading, while the WTI futures have plunged
about 110% to -$5.78. The International Energy Agency
observed this month, that the confinement measures
instituted worldwide have resulted in a dramatic de-
cline in transportation activity which will erase at least
a decade of demand growth.
With storage for crude — on land or offshore in super-
tankers — nearing capacity or becoming prohibitively
expensive, oil producers are going to have little option
but to curtail output. Saudi Arabia is reported to be con-
sidering output cuts even before a 9.7 million barrels
per day deal it had struck with Russia to cut production
takes effect from May. Still, merely closing the tap a
notch or two is not going to redress the oversupply in
the market at a time when the ‘Great Lockdown’ has
destroyed demand on an unprecedented scale. India
has prudently been using the sharp fall in both crude
prices and domestic demand to accelerate the build-up
of its strategic reserve. While the sliding oil prices
would help significantly pare India’s energy import bill,
a protracted demand drought would end up hurting the
government’s tax revenues severely, especially at a time
when it badly needs every additional rupee it can gar-
ner. Also, rock-bottom oil prices risk damaging the eco-
nomies of producer countries including those in West
Asia, hurting inward remittances. After the lockdown,
the Centre ought to consider using this opportunity to
cut retail fuel prices sharply by foregoing some excise
revenue for a while in order to tease back momentum
into the wider economy.

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