Mr.R.R.Patil DR - Shivajirao Kadam College of Pharmacy, Kasabe Digraj, Sangli

Mr.R.R.
Patil
Dr.Shivajirao Kadam College of Pharmacy,
Kasabe digraj, Sangli.
 Creams are defines as “a semisolid dosage
form containing one or more drug substances
dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base”
 Creams are semi-solid emulsions of oil and

water.
 They are of a softer consistency & lighter

body than true ointment.
 semisolid emulsions of either O/W or W/O

type.
 Oil in Water (O/W) Cream
 Water in Oil (W/O) Cream

 oil-in-water (O/W) creams which are composed of small
droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous phase.
 More comfortable and cosmetically acceptable as they are

less greasy and more easily washed off using water.
 Emulsifying agents of natural origins( bees wax, wool

alcohols, wool fat).
 Emollient and creamy, white or translucent and stiff.
 E.g. Vanishing Cream

 water-in-oil (W/O) creams which are composed of
small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous
oily phase.
 More difficult to handle but many drugs which are

incorporated into creams are hydrophobic and will
be released more readily from a W/O cream than
an O/W cream.
 More moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier

which reduces water loss from the stratum
corneum, the outermost layer of the skin.
 e.g. Cold Cream

COSMETIC CREAMS
 All purpose cream, baby cream, barrier cream,
bleaching cream, cleansing cream, cold cream,
hair cream, hand cream, vanishing cream.
MEDICATED CREAMS
Medicated creams are contains active
pharmaceutical ingredients.
 e.g. Cetrimide cream used as antiseptic.

Zinc oxide cream used as astringent.
Hydrocortisone cream - treat rashes like
poison oak or poison ivy

 Preparation of the oil phase: Flake/powder ingredients,
sometimes dry blended in advance, are dispersed into
mineral oil or silicone oil. Heating may be required to
melt some ingredients.
 Hydration of aqueous phase ingredients: Emulsifiers,

thickeners and stabilizers are dispersed into water in a
separate vessel. Heating may be required to accelerate
hydration.
 Forming the Emulsion: The two phases are blended

under vigorous agitation to form the emulsion.
 Dispersion of the Active Ingredient: The active ingredient

often makes up only a small proportion of the
formulation; this must be efficiently dispersed to
maximize yield and product effectiveness.
 They gives prolong contact in their site of
application than any other pharmaceutical semi-
solid dosage forms.
 Injured area can be dried quickly by creams than
other semi-solid preparations.
 Non-irritating when applied to the skin.
 Easily water washable. Easy to wipe away.
 Less greasy compared to ointment.
 Easy to spread on the skin's surface (i.e. easy to
apply).
 Stability is not as good as ointment.
 They are less hydrophobic than other semi-

solid preparation, so risk of contamination is
high than the others.
 It should liquefy at body temperature.
 It should penetrate the epidermis (via natural

opening).
 Its viscosity should be low enough to permit easy

spreading.
 It should be non-toxic.
 It should be non-irritant.
 It should be non-inflammatory.
 pH of the cream
 Viscosity
 Rheological behavioral of the cream
 Determination of type of emulsion
i. Dilution test
ii. Dye solubility test
 The pH of various formulations was determined
by using digital pH meter.
 About 1gm of the cream was weighed and

dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water and stored
for two hours.
 The measurement of pH of each formulation was

done in triplicate and average values were
calculated.
 Viscosity of the formulation was determined by
Brookfield Viscometer.
 At 20 rpm at a temperature of 25o C and the
determinations were carried out in triplicate and
the average of three readings was recorded.
 The rheological property was determined to
know the flow behavior of formulation.
 The viscosity at different rpms was measured

using Brookfield viscometer.
 The rheological behavior of the formulation was

studied by taking 100 g of the cream in the
beaker.
 The rate of shear was increased gradually
from minimum to maximum and
corresponding dial reading was noted; then,
the rate of shear was decreased gradually to
the lowest value and the dial reading was
recorded.
 The graph was plotted between percent

torque and viscosity to determine type of
flow.
 Globule size
 Phase separation
 Moisture absorption studies
 Shelf life
 Spreadability
 1 ml of cream was diluted to 10 ml with
glycerin.
 A few drops of this were transferred onto a

glass slide and was focused in a microscope.
 By using eyepiece micrometer, the diameters

of 200 particles were determined randomly.
 The formulated cream was kept intact in a
closed container at 25 - 300C not exposed to
light.
 Phase separation was observed carefully every

24 hrs for 30 days.
 Any change in phase separation was checked.

 About 50 mg of cream was taken on a watch
glass.
 A beaker was taken with full of water and was

kept in a desiccator without adsorbents.
 Watch glass with cream was

introduced into the desiccator.
 It was left for 24 hrs.

 The formulated product was stored in different
temperature conditions like room temperature,
450 C and 550 C to accelerate degradation for
1 month.
 Samples were withdrawn periodically every week

and observed for drug decomposition by taking
the absorbance under UV spectrophotometer.
 From the concentrations, and the temperatures,

the shelf life of the product can be estimated.
 The Spreadability was expressed in terms of
time in seconds.
 Take two slides to slip off from the cream,

placed in between the slides, under certain load.
 Lesser the time taken for separation of the two

slides, better the Spreadability.

Mr.R.R.Patil DR - Shivajirao Kadam College of Pharmacy, Kasabe Digraj, Sangli

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Mr.R.R.

 Creams are semi-solid emulsions of oil and

 They are of a softer consistency & lighter

 semisolid emulsions of either O/W or W/O

 Water in Oil (W/O) Cream

 More comfortable and cosmetically acceptable as they are

 Emulsifying agents of natural origins( bees wax, wool

 Emollient and creamy, white or translucent and stiff.

 E.g. Vanishing Cream

 More difficult to handle but many drugs which are

 More moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier

 e.g. Cold Cream

 e.g. Cetrimide cream used as antiseptic.

 Hydration of aqueous phase ingredients: Emulsifiers,

 Forming the Emulsion: The two phases are blended

 Dispersion of the Active Ingredient: The active ingredient

 They are less hydrophobic than other semi-

 It should penetrate the epidermis (via natural

 Its viscosity should be low enough to permit easy

 About 1gm of the cream was weighed and

 The measurement of pH of each formulation was

 The viscosity at different rpms was measured

 The rheological behavior of the formulation was

 The graph was plotted between percent

 A few drops of this were transferred onto a

 By using eyepiece micrometer, the diameters

 Phase separation was observed carefully every

 Any change in phase separation was checked.

 A beaker was taken with full of water and was

 Watch glass with cream was

 It was left for 24 hrs.

 Samples were withdrawn periodically every week

 From the concentrations, and the temperatures,

 Take two slides to slip off from the cream,

 Lesser the time taken for separation of the two

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