32) PP Vs Costales

32. [G.R. Nos. 141154-56.
January 15, 2002]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. FERNANDO "Ando" COSTALES and
FERNANDO RAMIREZ (at-large), accused.
FERNANDO "Ando" COSTALES, accused-appellant.
Facts:
Accused Fernando "Ando" Costales and Fernando Ramirez, the latter being still at large,
stood charged with the murder of Miguel Marcelo and the frustrated murder of Crispina
Marcelo. As the perpetrators were found to be in unlawful possession of firearms they were
also charged with violation of PD 1866, as amended by RA 8294.
Since accused Fernando Ramirez remained at large, only accused Fernando "Ando" Costales
was arraigned and tried
On the 27th day of November at around 11'oclock in the evening, Jessie Molina recalled that
she and her sister Donabel and Erlinda together with their parents Miguel and Crispina
Marcelo had taken their own corners of their small house to prepare for the night when the
two persons suddenly barged into their house passing through the door kept ajar by sacks of
palay and strangled her father Miguel. Jessie readily recognized the two (2) intruders
because the entire room was illuminated by a nightlamp which the family kept burning
overnight.
Jessie narrated that Fernando "Ando" Costales, one of the assailants, poked a gun at the
head of her father and shot him once in cold blood. Thereafter the other assailant Fernando
Ramirez sprayed on their faces what she described as "something hot and pungent," and with
his firearm pumped a bullet on her mother's chest.
Erlinda Marcelo was also awakened when the two (2) accused suddenly entered their house
and strangled their father after which Fernando Costales shot him point blank in the head.
According to Erlinda, when tear gas was sprayed by Ramirez, she ducked and almost
simultaneously she heard a gunshot towards the direction of her mother. When she opened
her eyes, she saw her mother Crispina clutching her breast, reeling from the blow and
collapsing on the floor in a heap. In her testimony Crispina herself confirmed that Ramirez
shot her once on the right chest which caused her to bleed and lose consciousness.
Both Jessie and Erlinda affirmed that they were familiar with the two (2) accused because,
like the rest of the family, they were members of the "Baro a Cristiano" also known as
Lamplighter, of which Fernando "Ando" Costales and Fernando Ramirez were the high priests
in their respective areas. According to Jessie, her parents decided to quit the brotherhood
because Ramirez warned them not to sever their ties with the sect if they did not want any
harm to befall them.
ISSUE
1) WON the mitigating circumstances of voluntary surrender was considered by the lower
court
2) WON the alibi of accused-appellant has a merit
3) WON the 250,000 to the heirs deceased on the justification that the same had been
stipulated upon by the parties
Page 1 of 2
4) WON the illegal possession of firearm was properly charge from the accused separate from
the frustrated murder and attempted murder
HELD
1) No. The supreme court had been denied the mitigating circumstance of his voluntary
surrender. As found by the trial court, his alleged surrender was made too late, and in a place
too distant from the crime site as well as his place of residence.
2) No. The trial court viewed the alibi of the defense with askance and assigned full credit to
the declarations of the prosecution witnesses.
In disbelieving the veracity of the "attendance notebook," the court have been more
impressive had it borne the confirming signatures or thumbmarks of the "Baro a Cristiano"
faithful, including their leader Fernando Costales, or had been corroborated on the witness
stand by a less interested member, or had the church secretary who allegedly kept record of
attendance been some member other that Mrs. Costales or the nearest of kin.
Accused-appellant cannot insist on his alibi, especially so since he and his co-accused were
positively identified by the prosecution witnesses. More so when it is undisputed that the
proximity of their place to the scene of the crimes did not preclude the possibility that they
were in fact present at the time of their commission.
3) No. Award of damages is dictated, not by the agreement of the parties; worse, "in a
manner that suits them best, but by the mandate of law and jurisprudence. Accordingly in
conformity with established law and jurisprudence, the award of P50,000.00 as civil
indmenity and another P50,000.00 as moral damages should be awarded to the heirs of the
victim.
4) Yes.The prosecution duly established that the crime of illegal possession of firearm under
PD 1866 was committed, RA 8294, which took effect 7 July 1997, amended the decree and
now considers the use of unlicensed firearm as a special aggravating circumstance in murder
and homicide, and not as a separate offense.
WHEREFORE, the assailed Decision finding accused-appellant Fernando "Ando" Costales
guilty of murder and attempted murder is AFFIRMED with the following MODIFICATION: In
Crim. Case No. T-2057, the crime of murder not being considered to have been attended by
any generic mitigating or aggravating circumstances, accused-appellant Fernando "Ando"
Costales is sentenced to suffer only the penalty of reclusion perpetua. In Crim. Case No. T-
2056, the crime of attempted murder not likewise considered to have been attended by any
generic mitigating or aggravating circumstances, accused-appellant Fernando "Ando"
Costales is accordingly sentenced in addition to his penalty imposed in Crim. Case No. T-
2057 herein before mentioned, to suffer an indeterminate prison term of two (2) years and
four (4) months of prision correccional medium as minimum, to eight (8) years and six (6)
months of prision mayor minimum as maximum;
Accused-appellant Fernando "Ando" Costales is further ordered to pay the heirs of the victim
Miguel Marcelo P50,000.00 as death indemnity and another P50,000.00 as moral damages.
Page 2 of 2

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32. [G.R. Nos. 141154-56.

January 15, 2002]

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