Modal Rayon Lyocell Rayon: Cuproamonium Rayon Acetate Rayon

Modal Rayon
Lyocell Rayon
Cuproamonium Rayon
Acetate Rayon
Modal: A high-modulus, dimensionally stable rayon staple
fiber. It is a natural fiber originating from wood pulp, cellulose
and rayon. Finer quality than the regular rayon yarns, it has high
resistance to stretching under wet conditions. Used blended with
other yarns in modern and sophisticated fabrics. Often found
combined with high quality microfiber yarn to create a very
luxurious microfiber garment.
Modal is a wood pulp based cellulosic fiber, made out of pure
wooden chips from the beech tree, technically as the European
Schneider Zelkova tree. While viscose rayon can be obtained
from the wood pulp from a number of different trees, Modal
uses only beech wood, thus it is essentially a variety of viscose
rayon; a generic name for modified viscose rayon fiber that has
high tenacity and high wet modulus.
A more fibrillar structure is formed when a solid fiber
of the cellulose derivative is first oriented and then
regenerated to crystallise as cellulose. These are the
polynosic, high-wet-modulus or modal rayons.
Polynosic is a type of microfiber that is a blend of
advanced polyester and rayon fibers. Characteristics
include luxurious soft touch with a drapeable in hand.
Modal was first developed by Austria based Lenzing
AG Company who trademarked the fabrics name, but
now many manufacturers make their own versions.
Modal fibers are defined in International Standard
ISO 206: 999 (E) as high wet modulus, high breaking
strength regenerated cellulose fibers produced by
using particular viscose rayon, and regeneration bath
compositions which allows greater molecular
orientation during stretch and coagulation of the
fibers.
Again, Modal as defined by the International Bureau
for Standardization of Manmade Fibres (BISFA) is a
distinct viscose rayon fibre genre, which has a higher
wet modulus and satisfies a minimum value of
tenacity in the wet stage at 5% elongation.
Modal Fiber Manufacturing
Modal is more expensive than viscose rayon and
cotton. Extracted cellulose is formed into sheets, and
these sheets are then immersed or "steeped" in vats of
sodium hydroxide, which is also called caustic soda.
It's important to note that far lesser concentrations of
sodium hydroxide are used to create modal rayon than
are used to create viscose rayon, which results in the
production of less toxic waste.
After steeping is complete, the sheets are broken
down into crumbs. Unlike the case in the production
of viscose rayon, these crumbs are not aged, and they
are instead directly immersed in carbon disulfide,
which transforms the white crumbs into an orange
substance called sodium cellulose xanthate. It is at
this point that the tree-derived cellulose can no longer
be considered a purely organic substance.
This cellulose xanthate is then immersed in caustic
soda once more to create a syrupy solution. The
modal fabric production process again bypasses the
aging process that usually occurs at this point, and
this syrupy substance is immediately forced through
a spinneret to create fibers.
These fibers are then immersed in sulfuric acid,
stretched, and formed into yarn. The resulting yarn is
then washed, bleached, rinsed, dried, and loaded onto
spools. At this point, the modal yarn is ready to be
subjected to pre-shrinking, fire resistance, wrinkle
resistance, or a number of other treatments
More technically developed forms of rayon, such as
modal rayon, are still commonly used as alternatives
to silk. However, it is more common to find modal
rayon blended with silk than it is to see scarves and
similar products that are made entirely from rayon
Description of Modal Rayon Manufacturing:
Applications of Modal Fiber
Due to its softness, thinness, and breathability, modal
rayon is highly popular in sportswear. For instance,
it's common to see this fabric used for yoga pants,
bike shorts, and even swimwear. Modal rayon wicks
sweat effectively, it is easy to clean, and it is also
surprisingly durable and long-lasting.
Lyocell Rayon
Production:
To produce lyocell staple fiber, the regenerated cellulose fiber is
crimped and cut to a certain staple length for press and packing.
During the production of the Lenzing Lyocell® staple fiber, the
fiber cutting is done before the washing and finishing steps. The
NMMO solvent from the washing unit is recycled through the
solvent recovery system where the dilute NMMO solvent is
concentrated and then pumped into a mixing tank for dissolving
new pulp . In comparison with the method of viscose rayon
production, the lyocell fiber spinning process is an
environmentally friendly green technology that eliminates toxic
chemical use and chemical reactions, and substantially reduces
air and water emissions.
Lyocell fiber manufacturing process
Recently, a new process has been developed. This
utilises an organic {amine oxide} solvent which,
together with water, is capable of dissolving the
cellulose in a single step. Since almost all of the
solvent can be recovered and re-used, and since the use
of carbon di-sulphide is avoided , the new process is
much more environmentally friendly. the resulting
fibers have a structure and properties significantly
different from the viscose types, so a new generic
name, lyocell, has been specified for the products of
this new process.
Properties and applications
Properties: Tenacity: 32…38 cN/tex dry, 26….36

cN/tex wet. breaking extension 10…16%.
Elasticity: Poor, like all cellulosic fibers.
Moisture absorption: Less than viscose but greater
then cotton.
Applications: Similar to modal
Examples: Tencel, lenzing lyocell, newcell.
Cross-sectional & Longitudinal view:
Advantages of Tencel Fiber:
 Eco print : Made from the natural cellulose found in wood pulp.The fiber is
economical in its use of energy and natural resources and fully biodegradable.
 Moisture absorbent: This fiber has natural breathability and 50% greater moisture
absorption than cotton.
 Heat capacity & Thermoregulation: Water has a high heat capacity. Fibers which
contain water will also have a high heat capacity. This can be used to help the human
body’s temperature regulation. Tencel fiber always contain water.
 Anti-bacterial: Due to its moisture management , tencel is also anti-bacterial.
 Great for sensitive skin: Tencel fiber has incredible wicking abilities which keep the
skin dry, making tencel a great fabric for sensitive skin. Tencel combines good water
absorbency with a smooth fiber surface which make it a fiber which is very gentle to
the skin.
 Durable: This super fiber can hold up to a beating when both wet and dry and is most
conveniently resistant to wrinkles.
Disadvantages of Tencel fiber:
 Tencel will shrink after its first washing but retain its shape after that.
 Tencel is more expensive than most eco fabric alternatives.

Modal Rayon Lyocell Rayon: Cuproamonium Rayon Acetate Rayon

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Modal Rayon Lyocell Rayon: Cuproamonium Rayon Acetate Rayon

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Modal Rayon

Properties: Tenacity: 32…38 cN/tex dry, 26….36

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