CHAPTER

13
1. Chlorophyll is present 11. Greatest producers of organic matter are
(a) in the grana of chloroplasts (a) crop plants
(b) on the surface of chloroplasts (b) forests
(c) dispersed through out the chloroplasts (c) plants of the land area
(d) in the stroma of chloroplasts (d) phytoplankton of oceans
2. Solar energy is converted into ATP in 12. Kranz anatomy is typical of
(a) mitochondria (b) chloroplast (a) C4 plants (b) C3 plants
(c) ribosome (d) peroxisome (c) C2 plants (d) CAM plants
3. Conditions necessary for photosynthesis are 13. Photosynthetic pigments found in the chloroplasts
(a) light and suitable temperature occur in
(b) chlorophyll and water (a) thylakoid membranes
(c) carbon dioxide (b) plastoglobules
(d) All of the above (c) matrix
4. The first step in photosynthesis is (d) chloroplast envelope
(a) joining of three carbon atoms to form glucose 14. All types of plastids possess essentially the same
(b) formation of ATP structure because they
(c) ionization of water (a) perform the same function
(b) store food materials like starch, fat and protein
(d) excitement of an electron of chlorophyll by a
(c) occur in aerial parts
photon of light
(d) can transform from one form to another
5. The ultimate gain of light reaction is
15. Chlorophyll a occurs in
(a) ATP & NADPH2 (b) NADPH2
(a) all photosynthetic autotrophs
(c) only ATP (d) only O2
(b) in all higher plants
6. Splitting of water in photosynthesis is called
(c) all oxygen liberating autotrophs
(a) dark reaction (b) photolysis
(d) all plants except fungi
(c) electron transfer (d) phototropism
16. During monsoon, the rice crop of eastern states
7. Which one of the following pigment does not of India shows lesser yield due to limiting factor
occur in the chloroplast ? of
(a) Carotene (b) Xanthophyll (a) CO2 (b) light
(c) Chlorophyll 'b' (d) Anthocyanin (c) temperature (d) water
8. Chlorophyll contains 17. Dark reactions of photosynthesis occur in
(a) Fe (b) Mg (a) granal thylakoid membranes
(c) K (d) Mn (b) stromal lamella membranes
9. Which pigment is water soluble ? (c) stroma outside photosynthetic lamellae
(a) Chlorophyll (b) Carotene (d) periplastidial space
(c) Anthocyanin (d) Xanthophyll 18. Translocation of carbohydrate nutrients usually
10. Chloroplasts fix occurs in the form of
(a) carbon dioxide (b) oxygen (a) glucose (b) maltose
(c) nitrogen (d) hydrogen (c) starch (d) sucrose
108 Question Bank-Biology

19. Photorespiration is favoured by 29. What is the first stable intermediate product of
(a) high O2 and low CO2 photosynthesis?
(b) low light and high O2 (a) Glucose
(c) low temperature and high O2 (b) Formaldehyde
(d) low O2 and high CO2 (c) Phosphoglyceric acid
20. Photosynthetically active radiation is represented (d) Malate
by the range of wavelength of 30. Which of the following is C4 plants ?
(a) 340 – 450 nm (b) 400 – 700 nm (a) Maize (b) Atriplex
(c) 500 – 600 nm (d) 400 – 950 nm (c) Sugarcane (d) All of the above
31. C4 plants are adapted to
21. Which enzyme is most abudantly found on earth?
(a) hot and dry climate
(a) Catalase (b) RuBisCO
(b) temperate climate
(c) Nitrogenase (d) Invertase
(c) cold and dry climate
22. The process of photophosphorylation take place
(d) hot and humid climate
in
32. C4 plants are found among
(a) chloroplast (b) ribosomes
(a) only gramineae
(c) mitochondria (d) cell-wall
(b) only monocot
23. PS-I occurs in
(c) only dicot
(a) appressed part of granal thylakoids (d) monocots as well as dicots
(b) appressed and non appressed part of grana 33. In case of C4 pathway, in the first step is
thylakoids (a) CO2 combines with RuDP
(c) stroma (b) CO2 combines with PGA
(d) stroma thylakoids and non-appressed part (c) CO2 combines with PEP
of granal thylakoids (d) CO2 combines with RMP
24. Photophosphorylation means synthesis of 34. The enzyme which catalyzes the photosynthetic
(a) ATP from ADP (b) NADP C4 cycle is
(c) ADP from ATP (d) PGA (a) RUDP carboxylase (b) PEP carboxylase
25. Which occurs during the light reaction of (c) Carbonic anhydrase (d) None of these
photosynthesis? 35. Number of ATP molecules required for
(a) Chlorophyll is produced regeneration phase of' RuBP during synthesis of
(b) Water splits to form 2H+ & O2 1 glucose molecule
(c) CO2 is given off as a waste (a) 6 (b) 12
(d) Sugar is formed from CO2 and water (c) 18 (d) 30
26. In photosynthesis, hydrogen is transferred from 36. The rate of photosynthesis does not depend
the light reactions to dark reactions by upon
(a) DPN (b) DNA (a) light duration (b) light intensity
(c) ATP (d) NADP (c) light quality (colour) (d) temperature
27. Which of the following element is a component 37. Which one of the following have high CO2
compensation point ?
of ferredoxin ?
(a) C2 plants (b) C3 plants
(a) Copper (b) Manganese
(c) C4 plants (d) Alpine herbs
(c) Zinc (d) Iron
38. Solarisation is a process in which ?
28. Carbon dioxide acceptor in C4 plants is
(a) sugar are formed with the help of solar energy
(a) phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP)
(b) chlorophyll is formed
(b) ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate (c) destruction of chlorophyll and ultimate death
(c) NADP of protoplasmic components
(d) ribulose-5-phosphate (d) mobilization of light energy.
Photosynthesis 109

39. Accumulation of food in assimilatory cells results 49. Which technique has helped in investigation of
in Calvin cycle?
(a) increase in the rate of photosynthesis (a) X-ray crystallography
(b) decrease in the rate of photosynthesis (b) X-ray technique
(c) no effect (c) Radioactive isotope technique
(d) may increase or decrease (d) Intermittent light
40. Photorespiration in C3 plants starts from 50. Ferredoxin is a constituent of
(a) phosphoglycerate (b) glycerate (a) PS I (b) PS II
(c) glycine (d) phosphoglycolate (c) Hill reaction (d) P680
41. Etiolated plants are formed due to lack of 51. Maximum solar energy is trapped by
(a) light (b) Hg (a) planting trees
(c) Fe (d) Mg (b) cultivating crops
42. Generally CO2 is not limiting for hydrophytes (c) growing algae in tanks
because (d) growing grasses
(a) mesophytes plants fix H2S in their photosyn- 52. Which one occurs both during cyclic and
thesis noncyclic modes of photophosphorylation?
(b) these plants take CO2 from water in the form (a) Involvement of both PS I and PS II
of HCO3– (b) Formation of ATP
(c) glucose is not required for their respiration (c) Release of O2
(d) All the above (d) Formation of NADPH
43. What is called "warburg's effect" on photosynthesis? 53. Chlorophyll ‘a’ molecule at its carbon atom 3 of
(a) Low rate of process due to O2 supply the pyrrole ring II has one of the following
(b) Low rate of the process due to CO2 supply (a) aldehyde group (b) methyl group
(c) Both (a) & (b) (c) carboxyl group (d) magnesium.
(d) None of the above 54. Which one of the following statements about
44. Bacterial photosynthesis involves cytochrome P-450 is wrong?
(a) PS-I only (b) PS-II only (a) It contains iron
(c) Both PS-I & PS-II (d) None of the above (b) It is an enzyme involved in oxidation reaction
45. The first acceptor of electrons from an excited (c) It is a coloured cell
chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II is (d) It has an important role in metabolism
(a) quinone 55. How many turns of Calvin cycle yield one
(b) cytochrome molecule of glucose ?
(c) iron-sulphur protein (a) Eight (b) Two
(d) ferredoxin (c) Six (d) Four
46. In the leaves of C4 plants, malic acid formation 56. Fixation of one CO2 molecule through Calvin cycle
during CO2 fixation occurs in the cells of requires
(a) epidermis (b) mesophyll (a) 1 ATP and 2NADPH2
(c) bundle Sheath (d) phloem (b) 2ATP and 2NADPH2
47. During photosynthesis when PGA is changed into (c) 3ATP and 2NADPH2
phosphoglyceraldehyde, which of the following (d) 2ATP and 1NADPH2
reaction occur? 57. Which pigment system is inactivated in red drop?
(a) Oxidation (b) Reduction (a) PS -I and PS -II (b) PS-I
(c) Electrolysis (d) Hydrolysis (c) PS -II (d) None of these
48. NADP+ is reduced to NADPH in 58. Cytochrome is
(a) PS-I (a) metallo - flavo protein
(b) PS-II (b) Fe-containing porphyrin pigment
(c) Calvin cycle (c) glycoprotein
(d) Noncyclic photophosphorylation (d) lipid
110 Question Bank-Biology

59. Stomata of CAM plants 66. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen donor is

(a) never open (a) H2S (b) NH2
(b) are always open (c) H2O (d) H2SO4
(c) open during the day and close at night 67. Chief function of leaves are
(d) open during the night and close during the (a) transpiration & photosynthesis
day (b) respiration & photosynthesis
60. Which fractions of the visible spectrum of solar (c) respiration & digestion
radiations are primarily absorbed by carotenoids (d) respiration & transpiration
of the higher plants? 68. The organelles, those take part in photores-
(a) Violet and blue (b) Blue and green piration are
(c) Green and red (d) Red and violet (a) chloroplast & mitochondria
61. Which one of the following is wrong in relation (b) chloroplast & mitochondria & peroxisome
to photorespiration ? (c) mitochondria & peroxisome
(a) It is a characteristic of C3 plants (d) mitochondria only
(b) It occurs in chloroplasts 69. Which one of the following is a wasteful process?
(c) It occurs in daytime only (a) Photorespiration (b) Respiration
(d) It is a characteristic of C4 plants (c) Photosynthesis (d) ETS
62. In C3 plants, the first stable product of photo- 70. What is the stable product of CAM plant?
synthesis during the dark reaction is (a) Oxalo acetic acid
(a) malic acid (b) Malic acid
(b) oxaloacetic acid (c) Phosphoenolpyruvate
(c) 3-phosphoglyceric acid (d) Phosphoglycericacid
(d) phosphoglyceraldehyde 71. In photosynth esis, photolysis of water is
63. As compared to a C3 – plant, how many additional useful for
molecules of ATP are needed for net production (a) reduction of NADP
of one molecule of hexose sugar by C4 – plants? (b) oxidation of NADP
(a) two (b) six (c) oxidation of FAD
(c) twelve (d) zero (d) none
64. Photosynthesis in C4 plants is relatively less 72. Photosynthate is translocated through
limited by atmospheric CO2 levels because? (a) sieve tubes/phloem cells
(b) tracheids
(a) effective pumping of CO2 into bundle sheath
(c) xylem vessels
cells.
(d) latex ducts
(b) rubisco in C4 plants has higher affinity for
73. Which of the following transfers the electrons in
CO2.
ETS (electron transport system) ?
(c) four carbon acids are the primary initial CO2
(a) Fe-S (b) F1-particles
fixation products.
(d) the primary fixation of CO2 is mediated via (c) Phytochrome (d) Cytochrome
PEP carboxylase. 74. Which one of the following is not a stage of
65. C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis Calvin cycle ?
than C3 plants due to (a) Carboxylation (b) Reduction
(a) higher leaf area (c) Regeneration (d) Oxygenation
(b) presence of larger number of chloroplasts in 75. Which one of the following is not a limiting factor
the leaf cells for photosynthesis?
(c) presence of thin cuticle (a) Light (b) CO2 concentration
(d) lower rate of photorespiration (c) Temperature (d) Sound
Photosynthesis 111

76. Statement-1 : 6 molecules of CO2 and 12 (b) Antenna complex – contains hundreds of
molecules of NADPH+ + H+ and 18 ATP are used pigment molecule.
to form one hexose molecule. (c) PGA – 3- carbon compound.
Statement-2 : Light reaction results in formation (d) Dark reaction – takes place in the grana of
of ATP and NADPH2. the chloroplast.
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, (b) (i) and (iii) alone are correct.
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
(c) (iii) and (iv) alone are correct.
Statement-1
(d) (ii) and (iii) alone are correct.
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement -2 is True;
80. Which pair is wrong?
Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation
(a) C3 plant – Maize
for Statement-1
(b) C4 plant – Kranz anatomy
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(c) Calvin cycle – PGA
(d) Both the Statements are False. (d) Hatch and Slack pathway – Oxaloacetic acid
77. C4 plants are special because 81. Which of the following is wrongly matched?
(i) they have a special type of leaf anatomy. (a) Sorghum — Kranz anatomy
(ii) they tolerate higher temperatures. (b) PS - II — P700
(c) Photorespiration — C3 plants
(iii) they show a response to high light
(d) PEP carboxylase — Mesophyll cells
intensities.
82. Choose the correct combinations of labelling the
(iv) they lack of process called photorespiration. carbohydrate molecule involved in the Calvin
(v) they have greater productivity of biomass. cycle
Of the above statements.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) All of these (I)
78. Consider the following statements with respect
to photosynthesis.
(i) The first carbon dioxide acceptor in C4 (II)
cycle is PGA.
(ii) In C3 plants, the first stable product of
photosynthesis during dark reaction is
(III)
RuBP.
(iii) Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the
formation of ATP.
(iv) Oxygen which is liberated during (a) (I) RuBP (II) Triose (III) PGA
photosynthesis comes from water. phosphate
Of the above statements (b) (I) PGAM (II) RuBP (III) Triose
phosphate
(a) (i) and (ii) alone are correct.
(c) (I) PGA (II) Triose (III) RuBP
79. Which of the following is mismatched?
phosphate
(a) Photosystem I – uses the P700 molecule in (d) (I) RuBP (II) PGA (III) Triose
its photocenter. phosphate hosphate
112 Question Bank-Biology

83. The diagram represents the Calvin cycle. 85. Identify A & B in the graph.

GP(PGA) Q

P triose R hexose
starch A
phosphate phosphate
B
RuBP S

Light absorbed
At which stage is CO2 incorporated?
(a) P (b) Q
(c) R (d) S
84. Two groups of isolated thylakoids are placed in
an acidic bathing solution so that H+ diffuses
into the thylakoids. They are then transferred to
a basic bathing solution, and one group is placed 400 500 600 700
in the light, while the other group is kept in the Wavelength of light is nanometres (nm)
dark.
A B
Select the choice given below that describes what
you expect each group of thylakoids to produce. (a) Rate of respiration Action Spectrum
(b) Rate of respiration Absorption
In Light In Dark (c) Rate of Photosynthesis Action Spectrum
(a) ATP only Nothing (d) Rate of Photosynthesis Absorption
(b) ATP, O2 ATP only
(c) ATP, O2 , glucose ATP, O2
(d) ATP, O2 O2

ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 12 (a) 23 (d) 34 (b) 45 (a) 56 (c) 67 (a) 78 (c)
2 (b) 13 (a) 24 (a) 35 (a) 46 (b) 57 (c) 68 (b) 79 (d)
3 (d) 14 (d) 25 (b) 36 (a) 47 (b) 58 (b) 69 (a) 80 (a)
4 (d) 15 (c) 26 (d) 37 (b) 48 (d) 59 (d) 70 (a) 81 (b)
5 (a) 16 (b) 27 (d) 38 (c) 49 (c) 60 (a) 71 (a) 82 (d)
6 (b) 17 (c) 28 (a) 39 (b) 50 (a) 61 (d) 72 (a) 83 (a)
7 (d) 18 (d) 29 (c) 40 (d) 51 (c) 62 (c) 73 (d) 84 (b)
8 (b) 19 (a) 30 (d) 41 (a) 52 (b) 63 (c) 74 (d) 85 (d)
9 (c) 20 (b) 31 (a) 42 (a) 53 (b) 64 (d) 75 (d)
10 (a) 21 (b) 32 (d) 43 (a) 54 (a) 65 (d) 76 (b)
11 (d) 22 (a) 33 (c) 44 (a) 55 (c) 66 (a) 77 (d)
Photosynthesis 113

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Chlorophyll is present in the grana of 20. (b) Photosynthesis takes place only in the
chloroplasts. visible part (400 – 700 nm wavelength) of
5. (a) The ultimate gain of light reaction is ATP & electromagnetic radiations. Hence this
NADPH2. component comprises the photosynthe-tically
6. (b) Splitting of water in photosynthesis is called active radiation.
photolysis. 21. (b) RuBisCO is the enzyme involved in Calvin
10. (a) Chloroplasts fix carbon dioxide. cycle. Nitrogenase catalyses nitrogenation.
11. (d) Phytoplanktons (algae) of oceans are the Invertase catalyses breaking of sucrose to
highest producers of organic matter. glucose and fructose.
12. (a) C4 plants have a characteristic leaf anatomy 24. (a) Photophosphorylation means synthesis of
called kranz anatomy with two distinct ATP from ADP.
choloroplasts containing cells mesophyll and 34. (b) PEP carboxylase catalyzes the photosyn-
bundle sheath cells. thetic C4 cycle.
13. (a) Photosynthetic pigments occur on photo- 38. (c) Solarisation is a process in which destruction
synthetic thylakoids of chloroplasts. A stack of of chlorophyll and ultimate death of protoplasmic
thylakoids is called granum. components.
14. (d) Depending upon their colour, plastids are of 44. (a) Bacterial photosynthesis involves PS-I only.
three main types – leucoplasts, chromoplasts and 46. (b) In the leaves of C4 plants, malic acid formation
chloroplasts. during CO2 fixation occurs in the cells of
15. (c) Chlorophyll a is found in all photosynthetic
Mesophyll.
plants except bacteria. Hence, it is termed as
48. (d) Non cyclic photophosphorylation is not only
universal photosynthetic pigment.
connected with ATP synthesis but also
16. (b) According to law of limiting factors given by
production of NADPH. It involves two
Blackman, when a process depends upon a
photosystems—PSI and PSII. PSII (680) receives
number of factors which are separate, the rate of
electrons from photolysis of water and transfer it
the process is limited by the pace of the slowest
to PSI (700) to form NADPH from NADP+. The
factor. Rate of yield is dependent on light as
hydrogen required for reduction comes from
photosynthesis is dependent on light. During
breaking of water molecules.
monsoon, the light is dim and so this reduces
rate of photosynthesis and hence yield. 49. (c) In 1954-55 Calvin traced the pathway of
17. (c) Dark reaction occurs in the stroma or matrix carbon fixation by using radioactive isotope
of chloroplasts. It is independent of light but method by using 14 CO2 and gave the Calvin
depends on the products of light reaction (ATP cycle.
and NADPH–assimilatory process). 50. (a) In PSI, when the electron passes from
18. (d) Translocation of organic solutes occur ferredoxin and plastoquinone, the electron loses
through sieve tubes in the form of sucrose. sufficient energy to form ATP from ADP and
Transportable form of sugar is sucrose. inorganic phosphate.
19. (a) Photorespiratory loss of CO2 occurs when 51. (c) Algae are the most efficeint photosyn-
RuBisCO starts functioning as an oxygenase thesizing organisms.
instead of carboxylase under conditions of high 52. (b) Cyclic photophosphorylation involves only
O2 and low CO2. It involves three organelles PSI and there occurs only ATP formation.
chloroplast, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Half 53. (b) Chlorophyll A has a methyl group attached
of the photosynthetically fixed carbon (in the form to the third carbon, which is replaced by an
of RuBP) may be lost into the atmosphere through aldehyde group in chlorophyll B.
this process and no ATP formation occurs. 54. (a) Cytochrome P-450 contains copper.
114 Question Bank-Biology
55. (c) Each turn of Calvin cycle generates one carbon 68. (b) Peroxisome, chloroplast and mitochondria
atom hence six turns of the cycle is required to take part in photorespiration.
generate one molecule of hexose sugar glucose. 69. (a) Photorespiration is a wasteful process
56. (c) 2 ATPs are required during conversion of PGA because in this process there is release of CO2
to 1, 3-diphosphoglyceric acid and 1 ATP during by the green cells in the presence of light. Hence,
conversion of glyceraldehyde phosphate to CO2 is not fixed into carbo-hydrates.
ribulose bisphosphate. 2NADH2 molecules are 70. (a) Crassulacean acid metabolism is found in
utilised for converting 1, 3-diphosphoglyceric plants of Crassulaceae family so the plants are
acid to glyceraldehyde phosphate. called CAM plants. Their leaves are succulent
57. (c) The reduction in the rate of photosynthesis and stomata open during night. The first stable
in monochromatic light of more than 680 nm is compound of CAM plants is Oxalo Acetic acid.
called red drop. 71. (a) Reduction of NADP is needed for the
58. (b) Cytochrome is Fe containing porphyrin photolysis of water.
pigment. These are electron transferring proteins 72. (a) Sieve tube members are short and wide, and
often regarded as enzymes. arranged end to end into sieve tubes. The sieve
59. (d) To conserve water, the stomata of CAM pores are large and are concentrated along the
plants open during night to take up CO2 and store end walls of adjacent sieve tube members. These
it in the form of malic acid which is utilised during specializations allow solutes to move more
the time of photosynthesis. rapidly in sieve tube members and sieve cells.
60. (a) Carotenoids have three absorption peaks in At maturity the nuclei in the sieve tube members
the blue-violet range of the spectrum. disinteg-rates, the ribosomes disappear, and the
In photosynthetic organisms, carotenoids play a tonoplast (vacuole membrane) breaks down.
vital role in the photosynthetic reaction centre. Mitochondria and plastids are still present. Sieve
They either participate in the energy-transfer tube members are always associated with
process, or protect the reaction center from auto- companion cells which control the metabolism
oxidation. In non-photosynthe-sizing organisms, of the cells. These two cells are connected by
carotenoids have been linked to oxidation- numerous plasmodesmata.
preventing mechanisms. 73. (d) Cytochromes have iron-porphyrin or copper-
61. (d) Tropical plants have evolved C4 cycle to porphyrin as prosthetic groups which are
overcome photorespiration. participated in transferring of electrons in ETS
62. (c) 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 3 carbon compound
(electron transport system).
is the first product formed in the C3 cycle. It is then
converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 76. (b) Six molecules of CO2 enter Calvin cycle to
Oxaloacetic acid, 4 carbon compound is the first produce one hexose molecule whereas 18 ATP,
product formed in C4 cycle. It is then converted 12 NADPH + H+ molecules are used up. The light
to malic acid. reaction of photosynthesis results in ATP and
64. (d) In C4 plants, initial fixation of carbon dioxide NADPH2 formation.
occurs in mesophyll cells. The primary acceptor
78. (c) In C3 plants the primary CO2 acceptor is
of CO2 is phosphoenol pyruvate or PEP. It
combines with carbon dioxide in the presence of RuBP and the initial stable product is PGA. While
PEP carboxylase or Pepcase to form oxaloacetate. in C4 plants, the primary CO2 acceptor is PEP and
C4 plants are more efficient in picking up CO2 the first stable product is OAA.
even when it is found in low concentration 79. (d) Dark reaction is a thermo chemical reaction.
because of the high affinity of PEPcase. It takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.
65. (d) C4 plants are more efficient in photo-
synthesis than C 3 plants due to photores- 80. (a) Maize is a C4 plant. It possess Kranz anatomy
piration. Photorespiration is an inhibitory process which is absent in C3 plants.
that decreases the rate of photosynthesis. It is 81. (b) Reaction center in PS - II is P680.
absent in C4 plants and present only in C3 plants. 85. (d) Given graph showing action spectrum of
66. (a) In bacterial photosynthesis substitute of photosynthesis superimposed on absorption
H2O is H2S. It is a hydrogen donor.
spectrum of chlorophyll a.
67. (a) Leaves show transpiration & photosynthesis.