Wasmen HEAT STRESS

Indon. J. Trop. Agric. 7(1) : 1 - 4 1996.
NATURALLY SIMULATED HEAT STRESS IN LACTATING

DAIRY COWS :HEAT PRODUCTION, HEAT LOSSES, AND
THERMOREGULATORY FUNCTIONS
ABSTRACT 1980), to restore. body temperature back to normal.

An experiment wm designed to akudy UK effecta of mturplly However, most of the heat stress studies reported so
slmulnted cycUc laborntory heat on heat production, heat h a and far used constant temperature and humidity during the
thennoregulptoy functlolu in lectating dairy cows. Sir muttiparour whole experimental period. The results of such
lactating Holatein c o y 90 to 150 d postpartum with Q lnlllr production
level of 35 V d or g m t e r , were med in the experiment. The cows were experiments are definitely different from the effects of
w i p e d into two g r o u p of environmental conditions (thermoneutd .lNJ natural heat stress which change over 24 h period
and hot). Each group of experimental com was exposed to respective (Kibler and Brody, 1956). The objectives of this current
environmentrl conditions for 10 d with single reversal design Prior to the
experiment, the com we= adjuuted for 7 d to cycUc hot (21 to 35 'Cand study were to measure thermoregulatory mechanism in
30 to SO *h relative humidity). In the period 1, group 1 was exposed to the lactating heat-stressed cows maintained in the
thennoneotrd condltloas (18 to 22 laboratory-controlled environment simulated similar to
C and SO ko 65 % relative humidity) for 10 d. Both groupa were
adjusted to cycUc hot (22 to 35 'Cand 30 to 50 % relative humidity)
natural heat stress during the summer.
for 4 d before the period 1. In the period 1, the environmental
conditions were switched for each group.The mults of the MATERIALS AND METHODS
experiment showed that heat st- increased rectal temperature, sldn
temperature and respiratory rntes (PO.O1). The increased body
temperature due to heat st- triggered elevation of vaporization Experimental Design and Protocol
heat l o w through akin and mpirntory tract (P0.01) without a
signinillcant reductlon in heat production The depression of gross Six multiparous lactating Holstein cows, 90 to 150 d
energy intake and energy output (PC0.01) during heat dres did postpartum with a milk production level of 25 kg/d or
not result in pmnlld deerew in heat produdon It was concluded that in the greater, were selected from the University of Missouri
d e g m of heat d m uaed in this experiment, dairy com still produced
the same amount of heat as compared to TN to support more work
Holstein Farm (Columbia, Missouri, USA). The use of
required for thennoreplatory rnechnniarn (mainkennnce cows for this heat stress experiment was approved by the
energy expenditure). To reduce the efEertr of heat st- on lsetpting dairy University of Missouri Animal Care Use Committee. In the
corn in the tropla, it mu suggested to devlsc nn approprinke
technology to inc- Il.sipa&n of heat nlthout exposing additional
Brody Animal Climatology Laboratory chambers, the cows
rneknbolic energy expenditure to dissipate heat from the M y . were assigned into two groups of environmental conditions
for 10 d with single reversal design. Prior to the
Keyword: Holstein cows, lactating, heat produdicn, heat loss, experiment, the cows were adjusted for 7 d to cyclic hot
thennoregulation.
(22 to 35 OC and 30 to 50 %relative humidity). In the period
I
t is known that dairy cow has a range of ambient
temperature for optimum production called thenno-neutral zone.
1, group 1 was exposed to thennoneutral conditions (18 to
22 OC and 50 to 65 % relative humidity) and group 2 to
Brody (1948) stated that when dairy cows maintained in the cyclic hot (24 to 35 OC and 55 to 65 % relative humidity)
environment with ambient tem-perature above or below the for 10 d. Both groups were adjusted to cyclic hot (22 to 35
thermoneutral zone, the mechanism of thennoregulation was
triggered to regulate OC and 30 to 50 % relative humidity) for 4 d before the
and maintain body temperature relatively constant. period 2. In the period 2, the environ-mental conditions
It was well documented that in the case of heat stress, were switched for each group.
the animal body gained heat from the environment that The cyclic environmental conditions used simulated
caused increase in body temperature activated average outside summer condition using computer to
thermoregulatory mechanism such as increasing control temperature, humidity, and air flows. The
evaporative heat loss (Kibler and Brody, 1950; Thompson temperature was gradually increased from a minimum in
et a!., 1951). decreasing energy intake (Johnson, 1980) and the morning to reach a peak that was maintained between
metabolic rate (Kibler and Brody, 1949; Johnson, 11:00 and 16:00 hours and gradually decreased to reach
the lowest point at midnight: The relative humidity was
cycled opposite to the temperature, as normally occurs in
Depart. of Pharmaro'o~ Of Ve(erinary a daily cyclic, gradually decreasing during the day to the
Medicine Bogor Agricultural Univapity. Jl. T- -K 1 Bogor lowest level between 11:OO to 16:OO hours, and then
16151. gradually increasing to the highest level at midnight.
During the experiment, photoperiod in the chamber was

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Indon. J. Trop. Agric. 7(1) : 1 - 4 1996.

NATURALLY SIMULATED HEAT STRESS IN LACTATING

ABSTRACT 1980), to restore. body temperature back to normal.

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