Part A I. Choose The Correct Answer: AGM 301 Soil and Applied Microbiology (1+1)
Part A I. Choose The Correct Answer: AGM 301 Soil and Applied Microbiology (1+1)
Part A I. Choose The Correct Answer: AGM 301 Soil and Applied Microbiology (1+1)
Part A
I. Choose the correct answer
2. The groups of symbiotic bacteria, which have the ability to fix nitrogen
a. derive their food and minerals from the legume, and in turn they supply the
legume with some or all of its nitrogen
b. grow together for a mutual benefit is called symbiosis and so these bacteria are
called symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria
c. these bacteria are from the genus, Rhizobium
d. all of the above
6. Who developed the Buried slide technique to study the qualitative changes in soil
microflora
a. Rossi and Cholodney b. Hilter c. Ruska d. Conn
11. For rapid decomposition by microbes, the substrate should have a C/N ratio of
a. 10-20 :1 b.20-30:1 c.30-40:1 d.60-80:1
13. At which depth in a garden soil does the maximum number of microorganisms per
gram occur
a. 3 – 8 cm b. 15 cm c. 20 cm d. 2 cm
14. The dark coloured and fairly stable partially decomposed organic matter is
a. Humus b. Compost c. Cellulose d. Lignin
21. Nitrogen fixation refers to the direct conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into
____
a. ammonia b. glucose c.ATP d.nitrate
22. The diagnostic enzyme for denitrification is _______
a. nitrate reductase b.nitrate oxidase c. nitro oxidoreductase d.none of these
23. The musty odour reminiscent of freshly turned soil is due to ________
a. Piperine b. resins c. limonene d. Geosmin
25. The process of nitrification occurs in two steps where each step is performed by
different group of bacteria. The oxidation of nitrite to nitrate is exhibited by
_________
a) Nitrosomonas b) Nitrosovibrio c) Nitrobacter d) Nitrosococcus
29.. Which of the following fungi on infecting crop roots can improve their uptake of
phosphorus and other nutrients?
a. Saccharomyces cerevisiae b.Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
c.Candida torulopsis d.Aspergillus niger
30. Considering the specificity between the species of legume and rhizobia species in
establishing the symbiotic state, soybean is infected by
a) Azorhizobium b) Bradyrhizobium c) Mesorhizobium d) None of above
The following are the contributions of important scientist related to soil microbiology. The
students can learn the inventions thoroughly by answering to the following questions
1. Who isolated root nodule bacteria in pure culture?
a. Beijerinck b. WInogradsky c. Omeliansky d.Frank
The students were exposed to different groups of microorganisms and their functions in
soil. The following questions will help them to understand about the microorganisms well
5. A transitional group between Bacteria and Fungi is __________
a. Actinomycetes b. Mycobacterium c. Corynebacterium d. Coxiella
8. _________ is an organism that colonizes barren rock surface, fixes Co2 and used
for Single Cell Protein (SCP) production
a. Bacteria b. Yeast c. Molds d. Algae
The following questions will help the students to know about the different factors affecting
microbial activities in soil
9. ______ influences the structure and texture of soil besides enriching with
nutrients for plants and microorganisms
a. Soil pH b. Soil Organic matter c. Soil air d. Soil temperature
The students have been exposed to various transformation processes of the elements. The
following will help them to have deep knowledge on that
13. The most important element in the biological realm that constitutes 40 – 50% of
all living organisms is _____
The cross inoculation group (CIG) refers the groups of leguminous plants that will develop
effective nodules when inoculate with the rhizobia obtained from the nodules from any
member of that legume crop. The following questions will help the students to identify the
CIG of the different genera
The following questions will help the students to understand about the organic matter
decomposition.
21. The most abundant element cellulose in the organic matter constitutes about
______
a. 10-30 % b. 5 – 30 % c. 15 – 60 % d. 30 - 75 %
23. Wider C:N ratio results _____ decay of Organic matter decomposition
24. The enzyme that degrade the cellobiose into D-Glucose is _______
The Students have been learnt about the transformation process of nitrogen. The questions
given below will help them to increase the knowledge on Nitrogen transformation
28. Certain bacteria are capable of using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor under
anaerobic condition is called as ______
a. 8 b. 12 c. 16 d. 18
32. During the assimilation of ammonia, glutamine is synthesized using the enzyme
The process of nodulation carried out by the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria exhibits
various events. Answering to the following questions will help the students
33. The plant proteins which specifically bind to carbohydrate receptors in the
rhizobial cell is referred as ____
35. The root hair curls as a result of the action of substances excreted by the
bacterium call
36. The swallon deformed Rhizobium free cell found in the root nodule capable of
nitrogen fixation is ______
The following questions will help the students to learn more about the transformation of
phosphorus
a) Bacteria b) Fungi
c) Actinomycetes d) Algae
c) Protozoa d) Mold
a) Bacteria b) Fungi
c) Actinomycetes d) Mold
A5. Nitrogen fixation refers to the direct conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into A5: Ammonia
a) Ammonia b) Glucose
c) ATP d) Nitrate
c) Nitrogenase d) Pectinase
a) Azotobacter b) Clostridium
c) Beijerinckia d) Rhizobium
A9. In the process of nitrogen fixation, which of the following microorganism is A9: Non symbiotic
involved microorganisms
Symbiotic
microorganisms only
A10 The process of converting substrate to protoplasmic carbon is known as A10: Carbon
. assimilation
A12 The crops which one is not involved in nodulation A12: Rice and maize
.
A13 The breakdown of cattle manure in biogas is accomplished by which of the A13: Methanogenic
. following type of bacteria
a) Phosphobacteria b) Methanogenic
c) Bacillus d) Pseudomonas
a) Rhizoctonia b) Rhizobium
c) Agrobacterium d) Rhizosphere
a) Ribosomes b) Rhizobium
c) Rhizoids d) Rhizosphere
B3. The population of algae in soil is ------------------------------------ bacteria B3: Generally smaller
than
c) Equal to d) Higher
a) Azospirillum b) Azotobacter
c) Rhizobium d) Glucanacetobacter
a) Azospirillum b) Acetobacter
c) Frankia d) Azotobacter
a) Phosphobacteria b) Acetobacter
c) Frankia d) Azotobacter
c) Penicillium d) Klebsiella
B9. The ------------------------------------ is where that are found on aerial surface of plants B9: Phyllosphere
are growing
B10 Most soil protozoa are flagellates or amoebas, having their dominant mode of B10 : Ingestion of
. nitrogen is ------------------------------------ bacteria
B11 Majority of the soil fungi grow in ------------------------------------ soils with aerobic B11 : Acidic
. condition.
B12 Conversion of ammonia to nitrite and then nitrate is called as -------------------------- B12 : Nitrification
.
c) Nitrification d) Ammonification
a) Plastics b) Oils
c) Pesticides d) Garbage
a) Bacteria b) Plants
c) Humus d) Fungi
C5 Steptomyces a. Archaebacteria
C6 Saprophytic fungi b Biogas
.
C7 Methanobacteria c. The production of antibiotics
C8 Anaerobic digester d Secure their food from dead organic
. materials
a) A.insignis b) A.beijerinckii
c) A.vinelandii d) A.macrocytogenes
a) Nitrogenase b) Peptidase
c) Pectinase d) Oxidoreductase
D3. Azotobacter forms the special resting structures which are resistant to dessication D3: Cyst
a) Cyst b) Akinetes
c) Bacteroids d) Exospores
a) Azotobacter b) Rhizobium
2. Rhizobium forms nodules and fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic association with
legume plants.
D5. Sesbania rostrata possesses both stem and root nodules D5: Azorhizobium
a) Azorhizobium b) Mesorhizobium
c) Sinorhizobium d) Photorhizobium
D7. The bacteria living inside the nodules are irregular in shape and are called as D7: Bacteroids
a) Bacteroids b) Cyst
c) Endospores d) Akinetes
a) Leghaemoglobin b) Haemoglobin
c) Inositol d) Myoinositol
3. Phosphorous is only second to nitrogen as a mineral nutrient required for plant, animals and
microorganisms. It is essential for the nucleic acids in all living organisms. It is essential for
accumulation and release of energy.
D9. The cleavage of phosphorous from organic matter is done by enzyme is called as D9: Phosphatases
a) Phosphatases b) Nitrogenase
c) Transferase d) Peptidase
D10 Soil contains a large amount of organic phosphorous which is unavailable to plants. D10: mineralization
. It is microbiologically converted into available form (inorganic form)
a) Mineralization b) Ammonification
4. Microorganism inhibit the growth of the other living microorganism is called as antibiotics.
Antagonism among microorganisms is most common phenomena in soil resulting in the
production of antibiotics.
a) Strptomyces b) Bacteria
c) Yeast d) Fungi
D14 Ernst Chain and Howard Florey had got nobel prize in medicine with D14: Alexander
. Fleming
c) Vuillemin d) Beijerinck
D16 Antagonism is defined as one organism inhibits the growth of the other organisms D16: Antibiotics
. by producing
a) Antibody b) Antibiotics
5. Organic matter contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Well decomposed organic matter is
called as humus.
D17 Under anaerobic conditions, decomposition of organic matter takes place by the D17: Mesophilic and
. activity of thermophilic
a) O2 evolution b) N2 evolution
a) Cellulose b) Hemicellulose
c) Pectin d) Lignin
a) Lignin b) Hemicellulose
c) Pectin d) Wax
6. Fungi live symbiotically with algae and higher plants. The plant cells as well as the fungi
benefit mutually.
D23 Some of the VAM species produce spore which is called as D23:
. Chlamydospores
a) Chlamydospores b) Ascospores
c) Basdiospores d) Zoospores
D24 The bacteria is responsible for phosphorous solubilisation D24: Bacillus
. megatherium
7. Nitrogen fixation is a process of conversion of gaseous form nitrogen (N2) into combined
forms i.e. ammonia or organic nitrogen by some bacteria cyanobacteria.
D25 The process of formation of ammonia from organic compound is known as D25: Ammonification
.
a) Ammonification b) Nitrification
c) Denitrification d) Proteolysis
D26 The microbial reduction of nitrate and nitrite with the liberation of molecular D26: Denitrification
. nitrogen and nitrous oxide is called as
a) Denitrification b) Ammonification
a) Fungi b) Actinomycetes
a) Nitrosococcus b) Nitrobacter
c) Nitrosolobus d) Nitrosospira
8. The nitrogen fixing organisms are widely distributed in soils. Among them, Azotobacter
and Azospirillum are well known and exhaustively distributed in soils
a) Azotobacter b) Rhizobium
c) Azospirillum d) Phosphobacteria
a) A.lipoferum b) A.oryzae
c) A.irakens d) A.agilis
c) Mannitol d) Fructose
9. the Rhizosphere soil microbial activity is manily depends upon the age of plant, soil
moisture, pH, temperature and soil type.
a) Hiltner b) Jensen
c) Beijerinck d) Winogradsky
D34 The ratio of microbial population between Rhizosphere and non Rhizosphere soil D34: R:S ratio
. is referred as
a) Bacteria b) Earthform
c) Fungi d) Actinomycetes
D36 The population and functional dynamics of soil microorganism differ from the D36: Rhizosphere
. Rhizosphere to non Rhizosphere zone due to the effect
10 . Soil contains organic matter due to addition of plant residues and dead animal tissues. Plant
residues contain various polysaccharides and are degraded by various groups of microorganism.
a) Peroxidase b) Catalase
c) Ligninase d) β -Glucosidase
a) Glucose b) Mannose
c) Xylose d) Arabinose
A2 ----------- are the group of eukeroytic microorganisms control the bacterial population
2
a) b) c) d)
Answer: c. Protozoa
A23 Who isolated nitrifying bacteria from soil
a) Beijerinck b) Winogradsky c) Alexander Fleming d) Salman A waksman
Answer: b. Winogradsky
A2 Nitrogen fixation is mediated by
4
a) Cellulase b) Hemicelluloses c) Both a and b d) Nitrogenase enzyme
Answer: d. Nitrogenase enzyme
A3 Bradyrhizobium A. Dhaincha
6
A3 Azorhizobium B. Soybean
7
A3 Rhizobium trifoli C. Winogradsky
8
A3 Frankia D. Clover
9
A4 Clostridium pasteurianum E. Casuarina
0
PART-B
Two mark questions
B1. Read the following passage and answer the questions 46-49
A microbiology teacher want to explain, soil microbiology emerged a distinct branch of soil science
only in 1838. Since then several significant developments made in soil microbiology.
46. The pure culture of Rhizobium was isolated in 1888 by
a) Beijerinck b) Winogradsky c) Alexander Fleming d) Salman A waksman
Answer: a. Beijerinck
47. The first authenticated drawings of microorganisms by
a) Antony van b) Winogradsky c) Alexander Fleming d) Salman A
Leeuwenhoek waksman
48 Answer: a. Antony van Leeuwenhoek
The following which scientist identify the Legumes can obtain nitrogen from air
a) Boussingault b) Woroni c) Hillriegel and Wilfarth d) Salman A waksman
n
Answer: a. Boussingault
49 The pure form of Azosprillum isolated by
a) Beijerinck b) Winogradsk c) Alexander Fleming d) Salman A waksman
y
Answer: a. Beijerinck
B2 Read the following passage and answer the questions 50-53
A microbiology teacher want to explain, soil contain five major groups of microorganisms.
Bacteria, Actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. The soil ecosystem includes these microbial
groups as well as the inorganic and organic constituents of a given site.
50 The following which soil horizon have more Microbial population
a) A b) B c) C d) All the above
Answer: a. Beijerinck
51 Which type of organism most frequently dominates the soil in terms of total biomass
a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Algae d) Protozoa
Answer: b. Fungi
52 Which type of organism most frequently dominates the soil in terms of total population
a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Algae d) Protozoa
Answer: a. Bacteria
53 The earthy odour is due to the presence of ----- in soil
a) Bacteria b) Actinomycetes c) Fungi d) Yeast
Answer: B. Actinomycetes
B3 Read the following passage and answer the questions 54-57
A microbiology teacher want to explain, Nitrogen is an essential constituent of protein and is a
major component of the atmosphere (78%). However, in its gaseous state, it is unavailable to most
life and must be converted to a usable form. Nitrogen undergoes a number of transformations,
which make the element available for plant growth
54 --------------is a pink colored compound present in the nodules of legumes which regulates oxygen
supply to bacteroids
a) Leghaemoglobin b) Lectins c) Flavanoids d) Rhicadhesin
Answer: a. Leghaemoglobin
55 The crops which are involved in nitrogen fixation are
a) alfalfa and b) soybean c) bean and lupine d) All the above
clover
Answer: C. all the above
56 Denitrification may be distinguished as
a) Dissimilative b) Assimilative c) both (a) and (b) d) Blue baby syndrome
Answer: C. both (a) and (b)
57 The reduction of gaseous nitrogen to ammonia is called
a) Nitrogen fixation b) Nitrification c) Denitrification d) Ammonification
Answer: A. Nitrogen fixation
B4 Read the following passage and answer the questions 58-61
A microbiology teacher want to explain, fixation of elemental nitrogen in the atmosphere by the
micro organism through a reductive process into ammonia is called as BNF. A variety of
prokaryotic organism has the ability to reduce the atmosphere N 2. BNF accounts for about 70% of
the total N fixed in the biosphere.
58 The predominant symbiotic N2 fixing bacterium
a) Rhizobium b) Frankia c) Anabaena azollae d) All the above
Answer: a. Rhizobium
59 Example of the Associative N fixers bacterium
a) Azospirillum b) Gulconacetobact c) Burkholderia d) All the above
er,
Answer: a. Azospirillum
60 The Nitrogenase enzyme containing
a) Mo-Fe Protein b) Fe protein c) Mu-Fe Protein d) Both a & b
Answer: a. Both a & b
61 What are the structural genes for nitrogenase.
a) nif HDK b) nif Y c) nif ENX d) nif J
Answer: a. nif HDK
B5 Read the following passage and answer the questions 62-65
A microbiology teacher want to explain, Nitrogen fixation by legume Rhizobium, symbiosis is of
considerable agricultural importance, as it leads to very significant increases in combined nitrogen
in the soil
62. During nodulation process, which one of the following protein produced by Rhizobium
a) Rhicadhesin b) Lectins c) Flavanoids d) Bacteriods
Answer: a. Rhicadhesin
63. A swallon deformed Rhizobium cell found in the root nodule called as
a) Rhicadhesin b) Lectins c) Flavanoids d) Bacteriods
Answer: d. Bacteriods
64. The following which gene is a Regulatory gene
a) Nod A b) Nod B c) Nod C d) Nod D
Answer: d. Nod D
65. The genes encoding enzymes involved in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
a) Nif gene b) Nod gens c) Sym gene d) All the above
Answer: d. Nif gene
B6 . Read the following passage and answer the questions 66-69
A Microbiology teacher want to explain, phosphorus is only second to N2 as an inorganic nutrient
required by both plants and micro organisms. Phosphate constitutes nearly 0.1% of the earth’s
crust. They occur in soil in inorganic and organic forms.
66. Enzyme involved in the P solubilization is
a) Peroxidases b) Phosphatase c) laccases, d) Mn peroxidases
Answer: B. Phosphatase
67. Mineralization refers to -------
a) Conversion of inorganic complex compounds into simple inorganic compounds
b) Conversion of complex organic compounds into simple inorganic compounds
c) Conversion of complex organic compounds into simple organic constituents
d) Conversion of inorganic complex materials into elements
Answer: B. Conversion of complex organic compounds into simple inorganic compounds
68. The process of converting organic substrate to protoplasmic carbon is
a) Mineralization b) Assimilation c) Immobilization d) Nitrification
Answer: b. Assimilation
69. The decomposition of organic matter is measured by
a) decrease in b) Measurement c) Disappearance of d) All the above
organic matter of CO2 cellulose,
evolution or O2 hemicellulose or
uptake lignin
Answer: D. All the above
B7. Read the following passage and answer the questions 70-73
The following are the contributions of important scientist related to soil microbiology. The students
can learn the inventions thoroughly by answering to the following questions
69. Who isolated root nodule bacteria in pure culture?
a) Beijerinck b) WInogradsky c) Omeliansky d) Frank
Answer: a. Beijerinck
70 Lysozyme was discovered by -----
a) Louis Pasteur b) Alexander c) Robert Koch d) Frank
Fleming
Answer: b. Alexander Fleming
71. Who developed the Antibiotic Streptomycin
a) Louis Pasteur b) Alexander c) Salman A d) Frank
Fleming Waksman
Answer: C. Salman A Waksman
72 Who wrote book on “ Principles of Soil Microbiology”
a) Louis Pasteur b) Alexander c) Salman A d) Frank
Fleming Waksman
Answer: C. Salman A Waksman
B8 Read the following passage and answer the questions 74-77
The following questions will help the students to know about the different factors affecting
microbial activities in soil
73. ------- influences the structure and texture of soil besides enriching with nutrients for plants and
microorganisms
a) Soil pH b) Soil Organic c) Soil temperature d) All the above
matter
Answer: b. Soil Organic matter
74. Addition of nitrate to soil inhibits --------
a) Azotobacter b) Phosphobacter c) Thiobacillus d) Pasteuria
Answer: a. Azotobacter
75. Cell number is greatest during -------- season
a) Spring b) Autumn c) Winter d) d. both a and b
Answer: d. both a and b
75. In soil ecosystem the bacterial population controlled by
a) Protozoans b) algae c) Fungi d) All the above
Answer: a. Protozoans
B9. Read the following passage and answer the questions 78-81 The following questions will help
the students to know about the Soil organic matter and humus formation affect the microbial
activities in soil
78. The rapid decomposition by microbes, the substrate should have a C/N ratio of
a) 10:1 b) 40:1 c) 60:1 d) All the above
Answer: d. All the above
79. The organic matter decomposition is considerably slow in
a) Aerobic b) Anaerobic c) Microaerophilic d) Both a & b
Answer: b. Anaerobic
80. The dark coloured and fairly stable partially decomposed organic matter is
a) Humus b) Compost c) Cellulose d) Lignin
Answer: a.Humus
81. Cellulose decomposition by
a) β 1-4 b β 1-4 exoglucanase c Cellobiase d All the above
endoglucanase
Answer: a. All the above
B10. Read the following passage and answer the questions 82-85
The following questions will help them to understand about the process of Nitrogen fixation
82. How many molecules of ATP is required to fix a molecule of N2
a) 8 b 12 c 16 d 18
Answer: c.16
83. The first stable product of nitrogen fixation is -----
a) Nitrate b Ammonia c Nitrite d Glutamine
Answer: b. Ammonia
84. The Mo-Fe protein consists of ______ subunits
a) 2 subunits b 4 sub units c 3 sub units d 8 Subunits
Answer: b. 4 sub units
85. During the assimilation of ammonia, glutamine is synthesized using the enzyme
a) Glutamate b Glutamine c Nitrate d Glutamine synthase
synthase synthetase reductase
Answer: b. Glutamine synthetase