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Abbreviations
MRI Resources
Acronyms
Brain MRI - MRA - Mobile MRI - Corporations - Pediatric and Fetal MRI - The daily magnetic
Patient Supplies field is risky :
Information no
only inside the
Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo magnet
(HASTE) A pulse not really
sequence with data no, I need it
acquisition after an
initial preparation yes
pulse for contrast forgot the
enhancement with the question
use of a very long Contribute
Out-
echo train (Single shot
side Results
TSE), whereat each
Congresses echo is individually
phase encoded. This
Resources technique is a heavily
Look
T2 weighted, high
Ups
speed sequence with
Greeks
partial Fourier
technique, a great Symbols
sensitivity for fluid detection and a fast acquisition time of about 1 sec per Units & M.
slice. This advantage makes it possible for using breath-hold with excellent
motionless MRI, e.g. used for liver and lung imaging.
See also Segmented HASTE.

Images, Movies, Sliders:

Anatomic Imaging of the Lungs

Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman

Radiology

Ultrasound

MRI

Fetus (Brain) and Dermoid in Mother Give MR-TIP a

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Help Page
Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman
Submit a
Link/Resource

Further Reading:
Basics:

Combined MRI Data Acquisition of Multi-Contrast Images

by medimage.bme.columbia.edu

News & More:

EVALUATION OF HUMAN STROKE BY MR IMAGING (.pdf)

2000

The cerebello-pontine angle, ACNR • VOLUME 2 NUMBER 3, Page 16

See a
comprehensive 2002
list of
sequences! Body Imaging with PPA
Friday, 2 March 2001

Fetal MRI
Ultrasound imaging is the primary fetal monitoring modality during pregnancy,
nevertheless fetal MRI is increasingly used to image anatomical regions and
structures difficult to see with sonography. Given its long record of safety,
utility, and cost-effectiveness, ultrasound will remain the modality of first
choice in fetal screening. However, MRI is beginning to fill a niche in
situations where ultrasound does not provide enough information to diagnose
abnormalities before the baby’s birth. Magnetic resonance imaging of the
fetus provides multiplanar views also in sub-optimal positions, better
characterization of anatomic details of e.g. the fetal brain, and information for
planning the mode of delivery and airway management at birth.
Indications:
Fetal anomalies
Maternal tumors
Pelvimetry
Examinations of the placenta
Modern fetal MRI requires no sedatives or muscle relaxants to control fetal
movement. Ultrafast MRI techniques (e.g., single shot techniques like Half
fourier Acquisition Single shot T urbo spin Echo HASTE) enable images to be
acquired in less than one second to eliminate fetal motion. Such technology
has led to increased usage of fetal MRI, which can lead to earlier diagnosis
of conditions affecting the baby and has proven useful in planning fetal
surgery and designing postnatal treatments. As MR technology continues to
improve, more advances in the prenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal
abnormalities are to expect. More advances in in-utero interventions are
likely as well. Eventually, fetal MRI may replace even some prenatal tests
that require invasive procedures such as amniocentesis.

For Ultrasound Imaging (USI) see Fetal Ultrasound at US-TIP.com.

Images, Movies, Sliders:

Normal Fetus

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Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman

Pregnancy and Small Bowel Obstruction

Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman

Fetus (Brain) and Dermoid in Mother

Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman

Radiation Safety

Fetal Ultrasound, 4D Ultrasound

Further Reading:
Basics:

Fetal MRI "a powerful screening tool for fetal brain anomalies"
Wednesday, 28 November 2007 by www.medicexchange.com

News & More:

Fetal MRI "a powerful screening tool for fetal brain anomalies"
Wednesday, 28 November 2007 by www.medicexchange.com

Real-time MRI helps doctors assess beating heart in fetus

Thursday, 29 September 2005 by www.eurekalert.org

•• There are 2 news about 'Fetal MRI'.

MRI Resources
Most Wanted - Intraoperative MRI - IR - Pregnancy - Liver Imaging -
Homepages

Lung Imaging
Lung imaging is furthermore a challenge in MRI because of the predominance
of air within the lungs and associated susceptibility issues as well as low
signal to noise of the inflated lung parenchyma. Cardiac and respiratory
triggered or breath hold sequences allow diagnostic imaging, however a
comparable image quality with computed tomography is still difficult to
achieve.
Assumptions for lung MRI:
Low signal to noise ratio of the inherently low lung proton density.
Cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts.
Magnetic susceptibility effects of large magnetic field gradients.

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Very short transverse relaxation times and significant diffusion yielding

short T2 (30-70 msec), short T2* (1-3 msec), and additional long T1
relaxation times (1300-1500 msec).
The extreme short T2 values are responsible for a fast signal decay
during a single shot readout, resulting in blurring.
The current trends in MRI are the use of new imaging technologies and
increasingly powerful magnetic fields. Among these technologies are parallel
imaging techniques as well as ventilation agents like hyperpolarized helium
for the use as an inert inhalational contrast agent to study lung ventilation
properties. With hyperpolarized gases clear images of the lungs can be
obtained without using a large magnetic field (see also back projection
imaging). Single shot sequences (e.g. TSE or Half Fourier Acquisition
Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo HASTE) used in lung MR imaging benefits
from parallel imaging techniques due to reduced relaxation time effects
during the echo train and therefore reduced image blurring as well as
reduced motion artifacts.
In the future, more effective contrast agents may provide an alternative
solution to the need for high field MRI. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
perfusion has demonstrated a potential in the diagnosis of pulmonary
embolism or to characterize lung cancer and mediastinal tumors. 3D contrast
enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the thoracic vessel.

See also the related poll result: 'MRI will have replaced 50% of x-ray exams
by'

Images, Movies, Sliders:

Anatomic Imaging of the Lungs

Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman

Normal Lung Gd Perfusion MRI

Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman

MRI Thorax Basal Plane

Lung Scintigraphy

Further Reading:
Basics:

3D static imaging using Helispin - normal pre-clinical model

by www.imanet.com

Parallel Lung Imaging (.pdf)

News & More:

Body Imaging with PPA

Friday, 2 March 2001

Chembytes e-zine, Special agents

1998

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Image Gallery - Division of Academic Radiology - University of

Nottingham
by www.nottingham.ac.uk

Low-Field MRI of Laser Polarized Noble Gas

by xenon.unh.edu

Amersham signs global HeliSpin™ evaluation agreement with Pfizer

Tuesday, 27 January 2004 by www.amersham.com

•• There are 3 news about 'Lung Imaging'.

Segmented HASTE
A variation of the (Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo)
HASTE sequence, whereat half of the image information is aquired after the
first excitation pulse, and the half after the second excitation pulse. The
acquired data are then interleaved into the raw data matrix. A long time to
repetition (TR) is selected to allow the spin system to recover between
excitation pulses and the dead time is used for additional slices. The lenght
of the echo train is cut in half. Also more than 2 segments are possible.

Single Shot Technique

In single shot techniques (used for EPI, TSE, FSE, RARE, HASTE), the
entire raw data set is acquired with a single excitation pulse. The
magnetization of a fully relaxed spin system is used. Each of the subsequent
echoes is given a different phase encoding. For improved SNR, spatial
resolution or FOV, the needed raw data are acquired over a number of
sequence repetitions. Each repetition then collects a fraction of the complete
raw data set. Only slightly more than a half of the raw data is acquired. The
image is obtained through half Fourier reconstruction.
A single shot sequence is useful in cases where movement is to expect e.g.
in abdominal Imaging or fetal MRI.
See also Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo.

Further Reading:
News & More:

Single Shot T2* Measurement to Establish Optimum Echo Time for fMRI
at 3.0T (.pdf)
2001 by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Body Imaging with PPA

Friday, 2 March 2001

MRI Resources
Musculoskeletal and Joint MRI - Directories - Case Studies - Pregnancy - MRI
Accidents - Journals

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