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    Distillation: Separation and Purification of Substances

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    Vince
    1) Distillation is a process used to purify liquids by converting them to vapor and then condensing the vapor back to a liquid. 2) Simple distillation was used in this experiment to separate a mixture of acetone and water. Distillate was collected at 56°C and 100°C. 3) An ignition test showed the distillate collected at 56°C ignited, indicating it was pure acetone, while the distillate collected at 100°C did not ignite, showing it was pure water.

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    Distillation: Separation and Purification of Substances

    Uploaded by

    Vince
    1K views3 pages
    1) Distillation is a process used to purify liquids by converting them to vapor and then condensing the vapor back to a liquid. 2) Simple distillation was used in this experiment to separate a mixture of acetone and water. Distillate was collected at 56°C and 100°C. 3) An ignition test showed the distillate collected at 56°C ignited, indicating it was pure acetone, while the distillate collected at 100°C did not ignite, showing it was pure water.

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    Distillation

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    1) Distillation is a process used to purify liquids by converting them to vapor and then condensing the vapor back to a liquid. 2) Simple distillation was used in this experiment to separate a mixture of acetone and water. Distillate was collected at 56°C and 100°C. 3) An ignition test showed the distillate collected at 56°C ignited, indicating it was pure acetone, while the distillate collected at 100°C did not ignite, showing it was pure water.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Distillation: Separation and Purification of Substances

    Uploaded by

    Vince
    1) Distillation is a process used to purify liquids by converting them to vapor and then condensing the vapor back to a liquid. 2) Simple distillation was used in this experiment to separate a mixture of acetone and water. Distillate was collected at 56°C and 100°C. 3) An ignition test showed the distillate collected at 56°C ignited, indicating it was pure acetone, while the distillate collected at 100°C did not ignite, showing it was pure water.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    ACTIVITY 3.

    SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

    DISTILLATION
    The process of distillation is the procedure usually employed for the purification of
    liquid substances. This involves the conversion of the liquid to the vapour state with the aid of
    heat and condensation of the vapours back to the liquid state. The condensed liquid is called the
    distillate.

    The types of distillation commonly employed are: 1) simple distillation; 2) fractional


    distillation; 3) diminished – pressure distillation and 4) steam distillation. In the laboratory, we
    usually use the simple distillation.

    In simple distillation, a large temperature difference (more than 20 oC) between the
    boiling points of the components is necessary to obtain efficient separation. The component
    which is more volatile will distil first in almost pure form at a definite constant temperature, and
    the second component will distil over when the boiling point again remains constant for a long
    period of time

    Objective/s:

    1. To be able to separate and purify substances using distillation method


    2. To be able to determine the completeness of separation using Ignition test.

    Reagents and Materials:

    25 ml Acetone (C3H6O) Rubber stopper

    25 ml distilled water Bunsen burner

    Condenser Extension tube

    Distilling Flask Porcelain chips

    200oC Thermometer

    Procedure:

    A. Prepare a simple distillation set – up. Refer to the diagram.


    1. Introduce 50 ml of a mixture containing 25 ml distilled water and 25 ml acetone into
    the distilling flask
    2. Add 3 pieces of porcelain chips to the distilling flask. Cover with a one – holed rubber
    stopper through which the thermometer bulb has been inserted. The thermometer bulb
    should be just below the side arm of the distilling flask.
    3. Have the set – up approved by the instructor before proceeding to the next step
    4. Heat with the Bunsen burner and collect 5 ml of the distillate at 56 oC and another at 5
    ml at 100oC

    B. Test for the Completeness of Separation


    1. Place 2 – 3 drops of the distillate collected at 56oC in a dry evaporating dish. Ignite it
    with a lighted matchstick. Repeat the test using the distillate collected at 100oC
    Name: Date:
    Group no.:

    Activity 3.4
    SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES
    Distillation

    Thermometer reading Volume of distillate collected Ignition test


    (oC) (Observation)

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