Week3 CHAPTER1: Laplace Transform MAT485/565
Week3 CHAPTER1: Laplace Transform MAT485/565
Week3 CHAPTER1: Laplace Transform MAT485/565
Definition
U(t-c)
t
c
Rusyah/Norma Page 13
WEEK3 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565
𝑓1 (𝑡) 0≤𝑡<𝑎
f(t) = {𝑓2 (𝑡) 𝑎≤𝑡<𝑏
𝑓3 (𝑡) 𝑡≥𝑏
Example
Express the following piecewise continuous function in terms of the unit step
function
2𝑡 2 0 ≤ 𝑡 < 3
a) 𝑓(𝑡) = {𝑡 + 4 3 < 𝑡 < 5
9 𝑡≥5
0 𝑡<1
1 1≤𝑡<3
b) 𝑔(𝑡) = 3 3≤𝑡<5
2 5≤𝑡<6
{0 𝑡≥6
Solution
Rusyah/Norma Page 14
WEEK3 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565
Proof:
∞
ℒ { U(t-a) } = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑈(𝑡 − 𝑎)𝑑𝑡
𝑎 ∞
= ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (0)𝑑𝑡 + ∫𝑎 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (1)𝑑𝑡
since
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 < 𝑎
𝑈(𝑡 − 𝑎) = {
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 ≥ 𝑎
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 ∞
= lim |
𝑚→∞ −𝑠 𝑎
1
= − 𝑠 lim (𝑒 −𝑠𝑚 − 𝑒 −𝑠𝑎 )
𝑚→∞
1
= − 𝑠 lim (0 − 𝑒 −𝑠𝑎 ) , s>0
𝑚→∞
𝑒 −𝑎𝑠
= 𝑠
Example
𝑒 −𝑠
a) ℒ{ U(t – 1) } = 𝑠
𝑒 4𝑠
b) ℒ{ U(t + 4) } = 𝑠
𝑒 −6𝑠
c) ℒ{ U(t – 6) } = 𝑠
𝑒 11𝑠
d) ℒ{ U(t + 11) } = 𝑠
If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s), then ℒ {f(t – a) U(t – a)} = e-as ℒ { f(t) } = e-as F(s)
(FOR ℒ {f(t) U(t – a)} = e-as ℒ { f(t + a) })
Example
1
a) ℒ {(t – 2) U(t – 2) = 𝑒 −2𝑠 ℒ{𝑡} = 𝑒 −2𝑠 (𝑠2 )
Rusyah/Norma Page 15
WEEK3 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565
2
b) ℒ { (t – 2)2 U(t – 2) = 𝑒 −2𝑠 ℒ{𝑡 2 } = 𝑒 −2𝑠 (𝑠3 )
1
c) ℒ {sin (t – 4) U(t – 4) = = 𝑒 −4𝑠 ℒ{sin 𝑡} = 𝑒 −4𝑠 (𝑠2 +1)
𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
g) ℒ {sin t U(t - 2 )} = 𝑒 − 2 𝑠 ℒ{sin (𝑡 + 2 ) = 𝑒 − 2 𝑠 ℒ {sin 𝑡 cos 2 +
𝜋
sin 2 cos 𝑡}
𝜋 𝜋
𝑠
= 𝑒 − 2 𝑠 ℒ {cos 𝑡} = 𝑒 − 2 𝑠 (𝑠2 +1)
Example
2𝑡 2 0 ≤ 𝑡 < 3
a) f(t) = {𝑡 + 4 3 ≤ 𝑡 < 5
9 𝑡≥5
𝑡 0≤𝑡<1
b) f(t) = {
0 𝑡>1
3𝑡 2 0<𝑡≤4
c) f(t) = {2𝑡 − 3 4<𝑡<6
5 𝑡>6
𝑡 0≤𝑡<1
d) f(t) = {2 − 𝑡 1<𝑡<2
0 𝑡>2
Rusyah/Norma Page 16
WEEK3 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565
Solution
a) f(t) = 2t2 [U(t – 0) – U(t – 3)] + (t + 4) [U(t – 3) – U(t – 5)] + 9[U(t – 5)]
2 e−3s
= 2 (𝑠3 ) + 𝑒 −3𝑠 ℒ{t + 3} + 4 ( ) − 2e−3s ℒ{ (t + 3)2 } − e−5s ℒ{t}
s
4 4 11 11 e−5s
= (𝑠3 ) − 𝑒 −3𝑠 (𝑠3 + s2 + )−
s s2
= t U(t) – t U(t – 1)
1 1 1 1
ℒ {f(t)} = 𝑠2 − 𝑒 −𝑠 ℒ {t + 1} = 𝑠2 − 𝑒 −𝑠 (𝑠2 + 𝑠 )
Rusyah/Norma Page 17
WEEK3 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565
6 e−4s e−6s
= 𝑠3 + 2𝑒 −4𝑠 ℒ{t + 4} − 3 − 3e−4s ℒ{(t + 4)2 } − 5
s s
−2e−6s ℒ{t + 6}
6 2𝑒 −4𝑠 5𝑒 −4𝑠 6𝑒 −4𝑠 24𝑒 −4𝑠 48𝑒 −4𝑠 17𝑒 −6𝑠 2𝑒 −6𝑠
= 𝑠3 + + − − − − −
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠3 𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠2
6 6 22 43𝑒 −4𝑠 17 2
= 3
− 𝑒 −4𝑠 ( 3 + + ) − 𝑒 −6𝑠 ( + 2)
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
1 2𝑒 −𝑠
= 𝑠2 + − 2𝑒 −𝑠 ℒ{t + 1} + e−2s ℒ{t}
𝑠
1 2𝑒 −𝑠 2𝑒 −𝑠 2𝑒 −𝑠 𝑒 −2𝑠
= 𝑠2 + − − +
𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠2
1 2𝑒 −𝑠 𝑒 −2𝑠
= 𝑠2 − +
𝑠2 𝑠2
Rusyah/Norma Page 18
WEEK3 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565
𝑡 ℒ {𝑓(𝑡)} 𝐹(𝑠)
If ℒ {(f(t)} = F(s) , then ℒ {∫0 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢} = =
𝑠 𝑠
Example
𝑡
Find a) ℒ {∫0 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢}
𝑡
b) ℒ {∫0 (𝑢4 + sin 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢}
𝑡
c) ℒ {∫0 𝑒 −2𝑢 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢}
𝑡
d) ℒ {𝑒 3𝑡 ∫0 𝑒 4𝑢 u cos 4𝑢 𝑑𝑢}
Solution
𝑡 1 1 3! 6
a) ℒ {∫0 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢} = 𝑠 ℒ{𝑡 3 } = ( ) = 𝑠5
𝑠 𝑠4
𝑡 1 1 4! 2 24 2
b) ℒ {∫0 (𝑢4 + sin 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢} = ℒ{t 4 + sin 2𝑡} = (𝑠5 + 𝑠2 +4) = + 𝑠(𝑠2 +4)
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠6
𝑡 1 1 s+2
c) ℒ {∫0 𝑒 −2𝑢 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} = 𝑠 ℒ{e−2t cos t} = ( )
s (s+2)2 +1
𝑠
since {𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡} = 𝑠2 +1 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑡
d) ℒ {𝑒 3𝑡 ∫0 𝑒 4𝑢 u cos 4𝑢 𝑑𝑢} = 𝑓(𝑠 − 3)
𝑡 1
where F(s)= ℒ ∫0 𝑒 4𝑢 u cos 4𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ℒ{e4t t cos 4t}
𝑠
d s
Consider ℒ{t cos 4t} = (−1) ds (s2+16) by property of multiplication by t
𝑡 (𝑠−4)2 −16
ℒ{∫0 𝑒 4𝑡 t cos 4𝑡 𝑑𝑡} = 𝑠[(𝑠−4)2 +16]2 by first shifting
𝑡
[(𝑠 − 3) − 4]2 − 16
∴ ℒ {𝑒 3𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 4𝑢 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑢 𝑑𝑢} =
(𝑠 − 3)[((𝑠 − 3) − 4)2 + 16]2
0
(𝑠 − 7)2 − 16
=
(𝑠 − 3)[(𝑠 − 7)2 + 16]2
Rusyah/Norma Page 19