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Defining Constants: Gaussian Gravitational Constant

This document defines various astronomical and physical constants that are used as standard reference values. It provides the symbol, value, relative uncertainty, and reference for constants like the Gaussian gravitational constant, speed of light, ratios of different time scales, Earth's equatorial radius, gravitational constants, and mass ratios of astronomical bodies. It also defines some derived constants and conversions between astronomical units like the parsec and light-year.

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Nelly Bling Bailey
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32 views

Defining Constants: Gaussian Gravitational Constant

This document defines various astronomical and physical constants that are used as standard reference values. It provides the symbol, value, relative uncertainty, and reference for constants like the Gaussian gravitational constant, speed of light, ratios of different time scales, Earth's equatorial radius, gravitational constants, and mass ratios of astronomical bodies. It also defines some derived constants and conversions between astronomical units like the parsec and light-year.

Uploaded by

Nelly Bling Bailey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relative

Symbo
Quantity Value uncertaint Ref.
l
y

Defining constants

Gaussian gravitational constant k 0.017 202 098 95 A3/2 S−1/2 D−1 defined [1]

Speed of light c 299 792 458 m s−1 defined [3]

Mean ratio of the TT second to the TCG second 1 − LG 1 − 6.969 290 134 × 10−10 defined [4]

Mean ratio of the TCB second to the TDB second 1 − LB 1 − 1.550 519 767 72 × 10−8 defined [5]

Primary constants

Mean ratio of the TCB second to the TCG second 1 − LC 1 − 1.480 826 867 41 × 10−8 1.4 × 10−9 [4]

Light-time for unit distance τA 499.004 786 3852 s 4.0 × 10−11 [6][7]

Equatorial radius for Earth ae 6.378 1366 × 106 m 1.6 × 10−8 [7]

Potential of the geoid W0 6.263 685 60 × 107 m2 s−2 8.0 × 10−9 [7]

Dynamical form-factor for Earth J2 0.001 082 6359 9.2 × 10−8 [7]

0.003 352 8197
Flattening factor for Earth 1/ƒ 3.4 × 10−8 [7]
= 1/298.256 42

Geocentric gravitational constant GE 3.986 004 391 × 1014 m3 s−2 2.0 × 10−9 [6]

Constant of gravitation G 6.674 28 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 1.0 × 10−4 [6][8]


0.012 300 0383
Ratio of mass of Moon to mass of Earth μ 4.0 × 10−8 [6][7]
= 1/81.300 56

General precession in longitude, per Julian century, at standard [9]


ρ 5029.796 195″ *
epoch 2000

[9]
Obliquity of the ecliptic, at standard epoch 2000 ε 23° 26′ 21.406″ *

Derived constants

[10]
Constant of nutation, at standard epoch 2000 N 9.205 2331″ *

Unit distance = cτA A 149 597 870 691 m 4.0 × 10−11 [6][7]

Solar parallax = arcsin(ae/A) π☉ 8.794 1433″ 1.6 × 10−8 [1]


†

[1]
Constant of aberration, at standard epoch 2000 κ 20.495 52″

Heliocentric gravitational constant = A3k2/D2 GS 1.327 2440 × 1020 m3 s−2 3.8 × 10−10 [7]

[6]
Ratio of mass of Sun to mass of Earth = (GS)/(GE) S/E 332 946.050 895

(S/E) [6]
Ratio of mass of Sun to mass of (Earth + Moon) 328 900.561 400
(1 + μ)

Mass of Sun = (GS)/G S 1.9818 × 1030 kg 1.0 × 10−4 [1]


†

System of planetary masses: Ratios of mass of Sun to mass of planet[6]

Mercury 6 023 600

Venus 408 523.71
Earth + Moon 328 900.561 400

Mars 3 098 708

Jupiter 1047.3486

Saturn 3497.898

Uranus 22 908.98

Neptune 19 412.24

Pluto 135 200 000

Other constants (outside the formal IAU System)

Parsec = A/tan(1") pc 3.085 677 581 28×1016 m 4.0 × 10−11 [11]


†

Light-year = 365.25cD ly 9.460 730 472 5808 × 1015 m defined [11]


†

Hubble constant H0 70.1 km s−1 Mpc−1 0.019 [12]

3.939 × 1026 W variable, [13]


Solar luminosity L☉
= 2.107 × 10−15 S D−1 ±0.1%

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