Chapter 6 - Fire Fighting System

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 31

CHAPTER 6

FIRE FIGHTHING
SYSTEM
Fire Protection System
• Are used to alert people that a small fire or
some overheating has occurred, and that
there is a danger of fire happening soon.
• Smoke detectors, and heat detectors ,the fire
alarm panels, sub-control panels, bells, break-
glass can be grouped into this area.
FIRE PROTECTION
General Requirements
• The employer shall be responsible for the development of a fire protection
program to be followed throughout all phases of the construction and
demolition work, and shall provide for the firefighting equipment as specified
in this subpart. As fire hazards occur, there shall be no delay in providing
the necessary equipment.

• Access to all available firefighting equipment shall be maintained at all


times. All firefighting equipment, provided by the employer, shall be
conspicuously (easy to notice) located.

• All firefighting equipment shall be periodically inspected and maintained in


operating condition. Defective equipment shall be immediately replaced.

• The employer shall provide a trained and equipped firefighting organization


to assure adequate protection to life.
Water Supply

• A temporary or permanent water supply, of sufficient


volume, duration, and pressure, required to properly
operate the firefighting equipment shall be made
available as soon as combustible materials accumulate.

• Where underground water mains are to be provided,


they shall be installed, completed, and made available
for use as soon as practicable.
Fire Fighting System
• The fire fighting system is used when a big fire
has already started.
• There is a need to extinguish it.
• Sprinkler systems, and hose reel systems are
some of the systems used for fire fighting.
FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT
• Portable Firefighting Equipment
– Fire Extinguishers and Small Hose Lines
– Fire Hose and Connections

• Fixed Firefighting Equipment


– Sprinkler Protection
– Standpipes
– Fire Alarm Devices
– Fire Cutoffs
PORTABLE FIREFIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
Fire Extinguishers and Small Hose Lines

• A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or simply


an extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used to
extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations.

• It is not intended for use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which


has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no escape route,
smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires the expertise
of a fire department.

• A fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure


vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish
a fire.
• 5 classes of fire extinguisher:
– Class A fires involve organic solids such as paper and wood.
– Class B fires involve flammable or combustible liquids, including
petrol, grease, and oil.
– Class C fires involve flammable gases.
– Class D fires involve combustible metals.
– Class F fires involve cooking fat and oil.

• Class E has been discontinued, but covered fires


involving electrical appliances. This is no longer used on
the basis that, when the power supply is turned off, an
electrical fire can fall into any of the remaining five
categories.
• The numeral indicates the approximate relative
fire extinguishing capacity of the extinguisher for
that class (A or B) of fire.

• Generally the larger the extinguisher, the larger


the numbers. (It's mostly about the capacity of
the unit.)
• For some examples,

– 4A extinguisher can put out


approximately twice as much fire as a
2A extinguisher.

– 20B extinguisher can put out


approximately twice as much flammable
liquid fire as a 10B extinguisher.
• A fire extinguisher, rated not less than 2A, shall be
provided for each 280 m2 of the protected building area,
or major fraction thereof. Travel distance from any point
of the protected area to the nearest fire extinguisher
shall not exceed 30 m.

• One 250 liters open drum of water with two fire pails may
be substituted for a fire extinguisher having a 2A rating.

• One or more fire extinguishers, rated not less than 2A,


shall be provided on each floor.

• In multistory buildings, at least one fire extinguisher shall


be located adjacent to stairway.
Fire Hose Reels and Connections
• 30 m, or less, of 40 mm (diameter) hose, with a nozzle
capable of discharging water at 114 liters or more per minute,
may be substituted for a fire extinguisher rated not more than
2A in the designated area provided that the hose line can
reach all points in the area.

• If fire hose connections are not compatible with local


firefighting equipment, the contractor shall provide adapters,
or equivalent, to permit connections.

• During demolition involving combustible materials, charged


hose lines, supplied by hydrants, water tank trucks with
pumps, or equivalent, shall be made available.
FIXED FIREFIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
Sprinkler Protection

• A fire sprinkler is the component of a fire sprinkler system that


discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected,
such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded.

• Automatic fire sprinklers operate at a predetermined temperature,


utilizing a fusible element, a portion of which melts, or a frangible
glass bulb containing liquid which breaks, allowing the plug in the
orifice to be pushed out of the orifice by the water pressure in the
fire sprinkler piping, resulting in water flow from the orifice (spray
pattern) .
Fire sprinkler systems are triggered by extreme heat and can quickly
extinguish a fire in the room where it started

http://www.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/how-fire-sprinkler-systems-work
Standpipes

• Is a type of rigid water piping which is built into multi-


story buildings in a vertical position, to which fire
hoses can be connected, allowing manual application of
water to the fire. Within the context of a building, a
standpipe serves the same purpose as a fire hydrant.

• They shall be provided with fire department connections


on the outside of the structure, at the street level, which
shall be conspicuously marked.
Hydrants in streets are below ground level. The standpipe is "sunk" into the
hydrant, and the hose is connected to the exposed ends of the standpipe.
The bar is then combined with the key, and is used to turn the hydrant on
and off.
Fire Alarm Devices

• An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc.,


shall be established by the employer whereby
employees on the site and the local fire department can
be alerted for an emergency.

• The alarm code and reporting instructions shall be


conspicuously posted at phones and at employee
entrances.
Smoke detector

Fire bell
Fire Cutoffs

• Fire walls and exit stairways, required for the completed


buildings, shall be given construction priority. Fire doors,
with automatic closing devices, shall be hung on
openings as soon as practicable.

• Fire cutoffs shall be retained in buildings undergoing


alterations or demolition until operations necessitate their
removal.
Fire Prevention
• Minimizing ignition sources, as well as
educating the occupants and operators of the
facility, ship or structure concerning operation
and maintenance of fire-related systems for
correct function, and emergency procedures
including notification for fire service response
and emergency evacuation.
FIRE PREVENTION
• Ignition Hazards
• Temporary Buildings
• Open Yard Storage
• Indoor Storage
FIRE PREVENTION
Ignition Hazards

• Electrical wiring and equipment for light, heat, or power purposes


shall be installed in compliance with their requirements.

• Internal combustion engine powered equipment shall be so located


that the exhausts are well away from combustible materials (a
clearance of at least 152 mm shall be maintained between such
piping and combustible material).

• Smoking shall be prohibited at or in the vicinity of operations which


constitute a fire hazard, and shall be conspicuously posted: "No
Smoking or Open Flame."

http://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/subpartf.html
CONTINUED
• Portable battery powered lighting equipment, used in connection
with the storage, handling, or use of flammable gases or liquids,
shall be of the type approved for the hazardous locations.

• The nozzle of air, inert gas, and steam lines or hoses, when used in
the cleaning or ventilation of tanks and vessels that contain
hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors, shall be
bonded to the tank or vessel shell.

• Bonding devices shall not be attached or detached in hazardous


concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
Temporary Buildings

• Temporary buildings, when located within another building or


structure, shall be of either noncombustible construction or of
combustible construction having a fire resistance of not less than
1 hour.

• Temporary buildings, located other than inside another building and


not used for the storage, handling, or use of flammable or
combustible liquids, flammable gases, explosives, or blasting
agents, or similar hazardous occupancies.

• Shall be located at a distance of not less than 3 m from another


building or structure.
Open Yard Storage

• Combustible materials shall be piled with due regard to the stability


of piles and in no case higher than 6 m.

• Driveways between and around combustible storage piles shall be


at least 4.6 m wide and maintained free from accumulation of
rubbish, equipment, or other articles or materials. Driveways shall be
so spaced that a maximum grid system unit of 15 m by 46 m is
produced.
CONTINUED
• The entire storage site shall be kept free from accumulation of
unnecessary combustible materials. Weeds and grass shall be kept
down and a regular procedure provided for the periodic cleanup of
the entire area.

• When there is a danger of an underground fire, that land shall not be


used for combustible or flammable storage.

• Portable fire extinguishing equipment, suitable for the fire hazard


involved, shall be provided at convenient, conspicuously accessible
locations in the yard area.
Indoor Storage

• Storage shall not obstruct, or adversely affect, means of exit. All


materials shall be stored, handled, and piled with due regard to their
fire characteristics.

• Noncompatible materials, which may create a fire hazard, shall be


segregated by a barrier having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour

• Material shall be piled to minimize the spread of fire internally and to


permit convenient access for firefighting.
CONTINUED
• Clearance of at least 0.9 m shall be maintained between
the top level of the stored material and the sprinkler
deflectors.

• Clearance shall be maintained around lights and heating


units to prevent ignition of combustible materials.

• A clearance of 0.6 m shall be maintained around the


path of travel of fire doors unless a barricade is provided,
in which case no clearance is needed. Material shall not
be stored within 0.9 m of a fire door opening.

You might also like