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    Sampling Designs

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    Von Valentine Mhute
    This document discusses different sampling designs used in research. There are two major categories of sampling designs: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling uses random selection to give every element an equal chance of being selected, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Non-probability sampling does not rely on random selection and can be biased; types include quota sampling, snowball sampling, judgment sampling, convenience sampling, and heterogeneity sampling.

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    Sampling Designs

    Uploaded by

    Von Valentine Mhute
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    This document discusses different sampling designs used in research. There are two major categories of sampling designs: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling uses random selection to give every element an equal chance of being selected, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Non-probability sampling does not rely on random selection and can be biased; types include quota sampling, snowball sampling, judgment sampling, convenience sampling, and heterogeneity sampling.

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    This document discusses different sampling designs used in research. There are two major categories of sampling designs: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling uses random selection to give every element an equal chance of being selected, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Non-probability sampling does not rely on random selection and can be biased; types include quota sampling, snowball sampling, judgment sampling, convenience sampling, and heterogeneity sampling.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    35 views2 pages

    Sampling Designs

    Uploaded by

    Von Valentine Mhute
    This document discusses different sampling designs used in research. There are two major categories of sampling designs: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling uses random selection to give every element an equal chance of being selected, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Non-probability sampling does not rely on random selection and can be biased; types include quota sampling, snowball sampling, judgment sampling, convenience sampling, and heterogeneity sampling.

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    SAMPLING DESIGNS

    INTRODUCTION

    Sampling design refers to the rules and procedures by which elements of the population are
    included in the sample.

    TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SAMPLING DESIGNS

    1. Probability sampling
    2. Non-probability sampling

    PROBABILITY SAMPLING

    A sampling technique that uses randomization to make sure that every element of the
    population gets an equal chance of being selected to form the sample.

    Types of probability sampling methods

    1. Simple random sampling


    Every element should have an equal chance of getting selected. It is used when you
    don’t have any kind of prior information about the target population. For example in a
    random selection of 20 students from a class of 50 students, each student has an equal
    chance of getting selected.

    2. Stratified sampling
    The technique divides the elements of population into small sub-groups based on
    similarity .The elements within the group can either be homogeneous or
    heterogeneous.

    3. Cluster sampling
    The population is divided into sections which are identified using details such as sex,
    age and location and then the clusters are randomly selected.
    Cluster sampling can be done in the following ways:
    a) Single stage cluster sampling -- the entire cluster is randomly selected for
    sampling.
    b) Two stage cluster sampling -- clusters are randomly selected first and then from
    those clusters elements are randomly selected for sampling
    c) Systematic clustering --The selection of elements is systematic and not random
    except the first element. Elements of a sample are chosen at regular intervals of
    population. All the elements are put together in a sequence first where each
    element has the equal chance of being selected.

    4. Multi-stage sampling
    It is the combination of one or more methods. Population is divided into multiple
    clusters and then these clusters are further divided and grouped into various subgroups
    (strata) based on similarity. One or more clusters can be randomly selected from each
    stratum.
    NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

    It does not rely on randomisation. This technique is more reliant on the researcher’s ability to
    select elements for a sample. Outcome of sampling might be biased and makes it difficult for
    all the elements of population to be part of the sample equally. This type of sampling is also
    known as non-random sampling.

    Types of non-probability sampling methods


    1. Quota Sampling
    This type of sampling depends on some pre-set standards. It selects the representative
    sample from the population. Proportion of characteristics/trait in sample should be the
    same as population. Elements are selected until exact proportions of certain types of
    data are obtained or sufficient data in different categories is collected.

    2. Referral/Snowball Sampling
    This technique is used in the situations where the population is completely unknown
    and rare. Therefore we will take the help from the first element which we select for
    the population and ask him to recommend other elements who will fit the description
    of the sample needed. This referral technique goes on increasing the size of
    population like a snowball.

    3. Judgment Sampling/Purposive/Modal Instance Sampling


    The units are selected using the characteristics of the interest

    4. Convenience Sampling
    Selection of subjects is based on availability.

    5. Haphazard Sampling
    This is where a researcher chooses items haphazardly, trying to simulate randomness.
    However, the result may not be random at all and is often tainted by selection bias.

    6. Expert Sampling
    In this method, the researcher draws the sample from a list of experts in the field.

    7. Heterogeneity Sampling/ Diversity Sampling


    This is a type of sampling where you deliberately choose members so that all views
    are represented. However, those views may not be represented proportionally.

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