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BRL ltr, 22 Apr 1981

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 it 111 -i

4- ,
S~FC r

REPORT No.934

The Aerodynamic Propertie

Of A Simple Non Rollinig
Finned Cone-Cylinder
Configuration Between
Mach Numbers 1.0 And 2.5

L C. M•ALUSTER

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PROJECT No, 5B0003-001

ORDNANE. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT No. T&3.010S

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

1.6 W-I 1,

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

/

B A LLIST I C R SEA RO1 1 'ARAT ORI ES

wo N~o. 934

MAY 1955

TE kM=YUMC PRP.*ES OF A SDL NO1 RO1LL19 FINNRM

OM-CY7flND CONEMI BBWT*W MAOR NUMWS
1.0 AM 2.4

L. C. Ma€Afliutm"

Deataa of the AMzi Plvect No, 5MO-03-00T1

* 0itamca P49seanh and Dovelop~wert Primt, Nn~Th.l-rnln

ABERDBEN PR VIV 0 R
O0UND, MARYLAND
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FPALLISTI C RESEA R H LABORATORIES

m NO. 934

Wn~ac liiat /na,,

Abe'deen ftovizS Oround, Md.
may 1955

TEE "RMZWAIC PRDPMES OF A SMIFLE. NON ROLLfM FINN=

OMT,.=MMh~T OONIMUPATICN, BM~WEE W~H NU1MEM

The aeraot properties of a finned model " given for a

taob bmmw ruge from 1 to 2.. The tegt vehiele io a ten-calibwr
long cono-.ylizder boc• with four rectangular fins, of 8% thick wedge
seation, set in a emciform configuration. The data wore determncd
by firings in a wpark photograp2h range.

Ii
I' S•BOLS

",-lal momwt of inertia

B Tranhsvere ?MOent af i.ne.a
T- &lcurb I

rd 2
S - Rafe'reoe Area
V - Volooty

b -Fin pn

0 - Finc€rd

d - Model diameater (caliber)

k•2- Axial radiw of gyration (calibr s2

k 2 - 07ruevcrao radius of gyration (calibers 2)

2

q - ve"se angular velooit.

Tr

q - Dynamo presswea
2
- Anglo of 7w

p- Air demity
OOEFt•GZZ=S (a1vaar tmits-radilan)

aNormal force/ Zsa

aq =•xr:.,
w fo ,,/ •(
 INTRDUCTION

Free flight range testing piwvidos a roans of obtalning the s~ttio

and LYa c properties of projectilea. Ridt~oricaly it has bee on% of
the most aaourate means of determining the total drag of Spin or fiu-
ntabi2lied proleotiloa in st~ersonio flight. Ptee flig),t testing mW
near be
also necessary
sonico to determine'the
peerie although tl•,s properties can and
static farce nuaaI17 be properties
moment adoquatel.7
datesrined at sasersonio and gubsonio speeds by other means. In the
case of the 67=mio forces and moments actin on the projectile onny
free fliht testtig and some s•pocial wind tunnel instrmentations are
available to yioiAl the desired informtion.

The Free Flight Aerodynaics ng azd the T so Range (1, 2)

of the Exterior Ball.stics Labcratory are instrrents for determn.ing
daba to yield the aercnazdio Oca.racteristics of moefls or fall sca1,
missiles. The properUis of several classes of bodies of reolutioCn
have besz investigated (2, 4, 5, 6) amd also some of the charscteristits
of finned shells
An overall investigation of the motions of winged and finned
projectilec of a aizlo type soared advisable. The ourremt report is
concerned with one phase of the larger pfogram: the parfomance of a
filmed projectile as a funotion cf Mach n•Ibr. Inveztigations of the
axial (7) and the rolling nations (8, 9) of this model have alreadV
been reported as haa anJ ±AItial stu* of the mcdel •1itb slight
(10)

It appeared that the detemtdatiom of static and dynamic character-

istics, through utilization of the rang•i, c•ld be accoplisheC beat by a
sta of the angular motionI of a symmetric, non-rolling model.
Acecordingly, a Ocrios of models vas designed and produced to have an
little net deflection of the fin surfaces as was practical. The data
obtained from these cone-cylinder models with tail fins for a Kach
number range of 1 to 2.5 art presented and some of the problems cn-
countered in analyzing the observed mutiona discussed,

Aeo azically this motion is resolved in two campaentai pit-h,

vertical17, and yaw, laterally. In ballistics the vector sum of the
comonemta is tamed tha yaw, The t-m pitch will usually be used
here to demote the we general ballistic yavirg motion for these
models Since they are pr flrk~Ir~~t~i +h(
The Aeoqdý eicv Rarge

The Rugq (Fig. 1) is an enclosed firing gallery containing 46

individual spark shadowgraph stations which record horizomtal and
vertical projnctions of the missile as it passes through the. The
time of flight is recorded on chronograph countore.

The model is fired from a gun through a blast chambor into the
range gallery. In passing through the blast chamber the missile passes
botwevr
As electrovtatleaUy'
the charged chargedeach
model approaches plates
station 2) aant-i~gg•ing
and ami•es Oahvgs.
antenna loop

before the station generates a signal which is amplified and dela~ed to

permit hbe modol to cone to the center of tho station before the station
fires. The modol is shado-qraphed in two planes and the characteristic
survq markd of the station imprinted on the photographic plates. These
plates yield the basic data to deterr-dne the 1notantanecus spatial
coordinates of the rdaeile and its angular orientationj the7 also pro-
vide a graphio view of the flow field about the model.

The firing progrnm vas carried out in two phases. The first phaac
consiated of the launohing of twelve models, four each of three center
of mss positions. The models with various mass center positiots
would pro'vido checks, through the c.m., tranaformationl (12) , for
consistemcy of the data and give a determination of the lift and daping
foraS. The basic Mach =umbar wan 1.8.
The second phase involved the launching of eighteen models of two
center of mss positiaos in a range of MacL mmbars from about 1 to 3.
The model configuration was ten-calibers long with a 100 semi-angle
conical nose. The crucifoz- tail section was Iccated at the base of
the body and consisted of 8% thick wedge-airfoil sections with a ono-
caliber cowdrand an overall span of three calibers (Fis. 3),

The models were launched from a special sooth bore gun with an "m"
shape bore (Figs. L and 5). The model was accompanied by a sabot and
obturating wafers to permit launching Csigs. 3 and S).

Some special reductions of the rounds, and also of comuted motions

were out t* assess the various reduction procedures which mght
'.caer-d
he app~led to the motion of models of this tT"e and to evaluate the
problems were aggcsted by earlier programs and by current work n the
present program. The mechanics of, and mzq of the suggestions for,

Appendix A

IA
this latter work veý'e done by ners of the Data Reduction Section
and only the results are discussed.

It is a buic requirsmet of the free flight range tochaique that

in order to study thn AMdy'naaic proporties, other than drag, the modal
rmst y=, At the incepUon of the Virst test phases one of the more
Prmsifng mct)cq of inducing yaw with the rail 1un w~a by means of
throwers inntalled in ti, grail extensicn " (Fig. 4). These devices
intercept tha followic sabot as it clear&t the =Ls the
cc othe ex.
tension and deflect it to the side. Zf at this momoL the sabo 1" in
iontect vih the modell some of the ery of the thrown sabot will
e
delivered to the model. Since this force is delivered at the modal
base It should result in the madolt
a. yaving avn from the direction of the thrwn• sabot,
b. attain, as a result of a., an sorodynado jw av
from thAo abot,
a. auquirign some directly trazsnitted lateral velocity in
the direction of the thrmi sabot.
The latter two factors tend to nullify each other, and could con-
oa.vaayb permAt ths production of reasonable yawing motions without
probbitive lateral deflections of the rodel.
A prelirdnary progran was fired to test the feasibility of this
methd for the prosent program. The rcoults indicated that if the
amount of wezr' transferred fr'm the sabot to the model could be
Limited by, se, a f'agile shear pin botwco the sabot and the model,
the system could produce desirable yaws. It also indicated a marked
sensitivity to rdror variations in pin manufacture.
A general survey of the firings is given in Table II. It appears
that the sabot thrcevs, coupled with a shear pin, can produoe yaw
but the system is very sennitive to several varlables.- Only one
model had insufficient yaw to yield a reduction but, also, only about
a third of the models were at or near the most desirable yaw level,

A potentially better rethod was availablo for the second phase of

the program. This methed cor-isted of enclosing a high strength !agnet
in the model and launching it through the field of a powerful lectro-
mapt. Since these firings consttuted the first test of a system of

- ~ c:~:(~)vtii ationj Ln Pio s9trenith (a~fter the

large arount of machining necessary to reduce them to the desired shear
area) (b) probable variations in the separation of the model and sabot
at the instAnt of contact with the throwerz.

7
thia nature some difficulties were encountered Lhat could be avoided
in future firinSs utilizing this syste. 1
The models contained four inch long, half inch diameter, Alnlic
V
magnuts and wero launched throeh amn armoured lectromagnet vitb a
ma~d.= field strength of 18,000 Gauss4 (?ig. 6). In the main it pro-
vided a reliable source of yaw.
Table I gives the physical properties of the models and Table 1I the
lauehi.g aemodtioins.
AEM0•NAC MTA

General Treatment

The r4anmge datA were processed by the usual reduction techniques

applied Wo sinning shell and by special reduction teoohiques s$t up
for thia program (12). Tho test data of the first group were obtained
in a Haoh nwutar region of 1.734.M 1-1.84 and at an average 7aw level
vp to eight degrees. Primarily these models furnishud a check of the
,vriaticn of the aerodnamic properties with canter of o:a poatti=n for
one M&h number and secondaril the varia'ion of some of tho coeofficients
with yaw levol.

The second group wa tfired from 0.98 1- M /L 2-.5 and with average
yaws up to four degreca. These odels furnished data pri Arily as funotions
of Mach nbe'. Onl in tho case of the drag coefficient were corre-
lationa with 7a level protio•at.

The dra coafficiert, %G.a given in Table I11 and in Graphs I

and I1 as a function of YMab number and yo.

The value of the drag coefficient descends fnirly sharply from a

peak at about N - 1.O5 until Mach number 1,3 and thereafter decreamen
more slowly with izorouing Mach nurcer. "he portion of the curve
near sonic velocity Is not as well dotezmlmod as the rewan'der since
there is only one Mata poitr belce H a 1.

The y drag coefficoent de:reases from about 15.O per rdiamn 5qeArod
to 8.9 frcm a Mach numer of 1.4 to 2.4.

1 Primrv nzong these wae the extreme v•'iability in resictance to

dghstiszasion am the first lot of magnets procured. Later
lots appearO to be fre-r of this defect.

2 The theory of the Electroma.netic Yaw Inducer and the detailed

results will be the subject of another report and will not be
considered here.

8
 Several models of the second group had stable laminar b,3undary
t'• layers over the cons and part of the cylindrical body. Since the r•Jority
• of the models had turbulent layers over the whole body, the friction~al
dr fh olso with 2A layer, were corrected to a full tur-
inar
bulezt condition and the curve drawn for this latter state.

Yaw Mom.ent and Cantbr of Pressure

The yaw mnoent derivative, CM., is given in Table Mi, in Graph IV

as a function of Mach number and in Graph V as a function of center of

mass position for M - 1.8. fhe movement of the center of pressure of
the norrAl force as a function of Mach number is presmted In Graph I1.

The behavior of the noment coefficient appears typical above M - 1.4.

A mzJim= value for the two center of mass posicns occurs near a Maoh
number of 1.2. Balw this speed the value of Iincreases slightly to a

m.rLun vilue betweaz M a 1.05 and 1 and appears to decrease sharply

ssanhoically (althougbh this latter behavior hinges on one point below
N-* ).

The phaae I tests indicated a linear variation with center of mass

pooiticns for the three e.g. positions uned at M a 1.8. The elope of
the curve (Graph V) yields IN for thisa Mach number,

The center of pressure appears to be in a maximum rearward position

near X w I at about I-4/L calibers fror the base and moves for-ard for
greater or lesser speeds. As Mach number increases the c.p. moves
formard urtil about M a 1.1, rearward until M - 1,4 and there begins to
move fomr d again steadily with increasing Mach number. A position of
about 2.6 calibers forward of the base would be reached by M - 2.6.

Normal Force
The normal forclo coefficient could be determined by two methods in
this program. The Tariatiom of the yaw moment as a function of center
of mass position at a given Mach number determines the derivatiae of
the normal force via thn o.m. transformation. 1 The transverse motion
of the center of mans of the projectile in response to the lift force
can also be used to determine the lift (hence normal) force through an
analysis of the swerv-ing motion. Both methods have advantages and
disadvatages. On the credit side the o.n. transformations involve only
phpsiczl dimcwions and the well determined moment cofficients.
Hawevr, two searate rounds are involved which cannot be exactly the
same shape. In addition, interpolation of the moment values with
repect to Mach nuber is usnally required to deterrire the rrnrn!1 force

dividual round through tho swerve reduction. However, this reductior is

App endix B
subJect to adverse conditionsr (1) the actual displacerent involved is
emal, on the order of a tenth of an inch; (2) the swerve equations rely
on the accu'rac of the yaw determination, and since this in-vulves a
dolible ilntep3= ol the yaw the eworve fitting is very sensitive to
even minwr anaozieo In the yawing motion. Both methods wore used and
"are shown in Ursph V1.
Tim normal force ooefficient, O, appears to follow, qualitatively,

the trand of the moment coefficient. At about M n 1.1 a i' == Cn of

S- 25 is rm•baed and the value than increases to about - 14.9 at
M s 1. It appears to decrease for the lower speed.

The dmping moment derivatives, (CMq ÷ .) are dotmm.nod from

thp total damping of the yawing motion once the lift force derivative
and the drag coefficient are Iciown, Pence the accurac7 of the deter-
ninatLon of these coefficients hinges on the overall fitting accuracy
of the yawing motion and the accuracy of the determination of the lift
coefficient 0
The damping moment derivatives are a quadratic function of center
of ass po•sitlon. This variation is given in Graph V1l for the first
gro1V of models (M - 1.8). The least daplc•g occurs for a a.m. positicn
2.1 calibers from the base.

(CM + rr) values are given for twu center of mass positions as a
q MI
fuMotion of Mach ncber in Graph WT. "The overall behavior is similar
for both om•m positions. The value increases from a large negative
level near M - 1 to em ill-defined and possib2y positive value at about
X M 105 and thereafter decreases ra±i.y to a maximum negAtive value
at M = 1.3. At higher Mach numbers there is a general -.9nd to
decrease in magnitmue.

The damzpin3 for C' coefficients, (CM + CN.) can be detarrined by

two methods, in minners analoous to those used to determino the Lift
coefficient., (C 4 C11) a be isolated by a compavison of the
Vq

10
dming1 moments from models wi5th two c.m. positions or from the swerve
of the idividual model due to ý.e damping forces.

The accuracy with whi.h the lamping moments are deternined is lover
than that of the yaw moment henc, the daping force determination from
two momewtu is weaker than the si~ilar process for t he lift. In the
oases of determination from the sew-ving motion it should be noted that
the displacenent due t o the damping forces is considerAbly less than
the displacement due to lift. In view of tnis it is gratifying that the
botter deturmlod values from the swerve are in reasonable agreement with
tho curwv dotormined from the damping m=ment.

(a +. CNe), evaluated at the centrold, is given in Graph IX as a

fw.otion of Maoh rnmmei.

0esevable Phenomen an
= 7aration of the A odyeraio Prportios
A seriou of shadvwraphn Showing the flow field at different FAch
n=bera is given in 7i4. 7 & 8, The relation of the cbsw-,m drag and
the state ; Lbe boudary lgTer has been disoussod. Other properties
of the obanginJ flow pattern with Mach numer also seem to be reflected
in definite cbnqes of the various force and =iant properties, A
correlation i xivcn in Table IV. In general two major oharges in the
flow, the atta0chmet of the boc' shock and the attachnent of the fin
shock system, appear to influence all the coefficients. The Macb
numbers associated with the interaction of the fin tip Mach cone with
the bod and with the one•t of fin-on-fin interference also ;nppr
to be points of changn --=or o4 parsawters,
In the ,ase of the better determined properties, the general
behavior is valitativey explainable from corsideration of the model as
a su of the propeties or the body alone and the tail alone. The moment
coefficient may be considered as an -alpe.
The moment coefficie~t decreases with decreasing Fach number from
X - 2.5 to 1.4 in a manner suggeng n the theoretical variation of win&
lift with Mach number. The value continues to decrease until H a 1.i1
but with a decareing rate as the three dimensional tip effects influence
more end more the neighboriM surfaces. At M a 1.15 the fin chock
system detaches and the tail suffers a loss of lift.

As toted in Appendix A the variation of the damping moment, coefficiamts

is a quadratic fuction of center of mass position and involves %,C %
and 4 %.) This comlic~tes the determination of the latter

Lcoefficients. tithever, a function of (%n+C14*) and Ch can be

constmieted so that the fmetion varif- llnoarly id~th c.m. with a
slope directly related to +%
 The body, however, is still supersonic and its destabilizing moment
is still increa•sing with decreasing Mach nurbor. Hence tLe moment
coefficient increases from M w 1.15 until M - 1.05 when tho body shook
detaches and equalizes matters. Below M - 1.05 the moment decreases in
magnitude.

The use of models designed, and carefully manufactured, to produce

a p•e pitching motion in the firing range is a feasible methnd for
determining the static and dynamic aerodyrardc properties of a finned
missile. Antually however, a considarable nmbsr of the projectiles so
manufaotured will not be perfeot enough and will exhibit a rolling
motion azd/or trinmed flight. In order to yield th9 best Iata these
mcdols must be treated by reduotions that permit roll and asy etry,
or must be discarded. As is noted in the Appendix B these defects
introduce errors in the determinations of the yaw damping and of the
lift and daMing force from the swerving notion if only qvmetric
reductions and/or non-rolling reductions are us•td.

In the present program prAotical accuracy could have been

obtained by syrmetric-non-rolling reductions on all but two rounds as
long as it was not ucýasarý tu rbly nuthe fit of thA Rwervi._nZ motion
to deturmine the lift. Approxdmately a third of the models required
asymmetric reductions to yield good lift coefficients from the srweuve.

~c YzAZaca21
L. C. MacAllister

tI
/
L
1. Rgoers, •.K., The Transonic Free Flight RAnge, BL 8L5.
2. Charters, A.C.-, ome Sal.istio Contributions to Aerodynarcs, JASO
Vol. 1,4, No. 3, 1947.
3. Hupk, C.H., Sohr'dt, L.E. Effect of 1Leith on tho Aaeý411U;Idc
Characteriatics of Bodies ;f'Y97 =on inSpronic
Fiit, M876 (C).
4i.Murpv '.H., S0=dt, LE., The Ao=.4ao Pro ertivu of the 7-
Caliber ,AN-21nner Rocket In Tran.one k-11gt, EMLM 775.
5. hrddt, L.E., The Dynamie Properties of Pure Cones and Cons-

6. Marten A.C. Thomas, The Aemotnady o Performnoo of Small .heres

SSubscn~o to Aupson-••t JMassVol, lei NO. 4, IF45.
7. MacAllister, L.C., The Dr-• o' Leg Arrow Projectiles, NW 600.
. oolaiden, J.D., Boltz, R.E,• The foterrination of Some Aerocynamia
Coeftci;a .fro S..upersonic r-ee'
W 712.
9. Nleolaid•a• J.D., Boltz, R.E., On the Pure Rol1ing Motion of Winsad
and/or Finned X.asiles in 7 ieqocklet M79
10. Nicolaide, J.D. On the
Slight Configupaticm-l Iree FlightMLMotions of Projectiles with
Asymn-,2 d5d,
21. Kelly, MoShane, Reno, Exteor Sllistice, Denver Press, 193.
12. Hu'plp, C.P., Data Faduction for the Fnee FYliht S ark Ranges I 900#
23. NHiolaides J.D., VTafitin of the Aemrtamlo F7rce and Moment Caeftf-

114, "u.p, C.R., On the StabUilZt Criteria of the Kelly4-aShdne Linearized

Thw7 of Y-vi o M 53.

A
 L

L..
P4v
 /_.

/r

L..

SJA'
40C
Raw-"
c7C
M 0,975 M 1,016

M= 1,034 M 1,058

M 1.063 M 1,070
F"IC 7 1, I ,wS ,-,d ,, i a, h ,
M =1,10~ 12

M= 1,16 M= 1.28

FIG. 8, Fh-w d rD '

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30
 APPENDIX A
Fittmj Equations and Trons±ormtioun
The equations utitmad in processing firinw range d•t are repeated
here for convom:enoe. Further details may be obtained fro the indicated
ref erenoo.

Tayl=~ Hatlanz
The eqaatomI usuall7y wed for fittir the observed motion of spi~tri
(1) to-• tote

vhere p is ds~tanmo a•ong the tra.eotoor In oalUborm, X. and Mrs

Irdtl &I cenattaeto The za~ pars~utera rs eae t h it
paaimetersU followva

and
£g ( S .2 , ,) 2 2(foot-

md S~er~l.yvwith spinning shell 1

(~) 2

1Red7otUo Symboli,t Corplex 7nw %a ilk

03- Swrerve x + ±y, motion transverse to the mean
, raject-ory
Spdyelit turning rates

S=picyclic damping rates

2
NOrmA1y7
A
IT _~k,
-2" IT (I In +)rr-? of tl'-' b'nl ',tic i:c aS
6i - vP the spin in radians per caliber. Hence tkho term should
be sero or vem small for the present ease.

S|1
 Squa•tl (1) involve-0 10 okn eOs00,
dj, 0J)
alyOjos a for j w 1, 2.
V•, cax be shown that if tho spin is zero and Mach numbr variation is neg-
ligible for the oberveda•iagt thAt it iu poatlble to reduce equation (1)
to 6 unm simae
I I ty it

(• - 4 1." 1'P) -K20' V + : (020 "•P)

(01 + 0z
Ifw t tl the model
dem as ivuvy tha a third codf entmustd be
added tore2a11n
iaeld, (10P61c c),Ai 0ý t 1 i k

Tiae oitting,equ tons astrei.•= derve (3# 11 U) aad as

uvan.,3 utbli±ed a f a te tnurbat= on the
ad rstatt Mof aent soluthe
ofthe dffeteontf p a qnathae , Tits plrturbatiemon ta vaioeo
is

•4-,a (2 - H(-
.)
ithout detls the =3 tae involves tho Momfst Co e nte and the ePsn,
Sthe danpin8 mment et ffie tets, T the Xagaw moman
s t oelfl ent and 1
is tva rate
feioienatopvit ofesp
of Ghange ahnvolvingterm.
i Th aoti~sa~.=
. proa eo hep'tw
AotuaLly in prog:wo imolvJing mo-dln with esseatialk. zar apin
vaaw e " to
ed for the pantae bation andhaMne
the rate of of thel
rate term• 0)1 v'Atoh seem signiicat.Aam and do not apper• hM~
eable o
the offe"t of spiAn. The most lqrical i-acom r•luan is vwa~tion
of coefficients with Mach numbr. The a~twa yrnen of the parur
Utian does not se cif what the varatic s are# but the tiviatg
the spi is evaluated as the major one for epiwndM sam tlMMMA•T

ane neglig•,1 indicates that the rate of change of the moment

coefficlent' wtb Mach nnbsr Is probably the mjor remning tam
Praetical.., 'thi tam o=old be of signiflicat alms only in the transonio
reon--but obtaining data in this region is one of the fortes of free
flight, rang. testin3 . The total pertabatlom terr (for spin - 0) is

[.
f ~i2

/F-
of the om

of wkdoh the ao vod- eem to bu

1 41k'- L - ( ; 1-
from th data of tle present progrm the coefficient terms in the
denom.nator arc neligible with roepect to 1 and hoee

Cionnidt1g that rate chaong~e ce Is the prir.ary futot', then

in tarm of the it• follow thtt

k -2
• it •.v-

11 k2 - M

T ki

-A
 (9)8 0 i 2Ko+0j p1n)
md also from the relation of the

let f

then (10) becoes

=d kh a % c emlt

?be eq=u=, fitted to the observatiae of tbo meigales mtion

travn•e to its basic tftajto17 Is of the following foa vhie
£87st37 is ma~idereds

(3-1) 17,zO a 17aso so

0 p

The last Utzn ts oi.tted foruyoio ,e uetiona, and rednotioae mitb

kWlo tayizvokJvý Lhu ripL~ ooi. cuaulJ to aci7- aiko al.o uULIcd.~ C4iuo
the y fit haa beem established the intesral m be eiLluated by
Severml men u disneo d in •ef. 12. Tz, subseript %"-to as e

gr/fty oatlow, the la abhcript to a Corioli correctiona.

I1
 Cciter of Mass Transformation

In order to determine the force coefficients from ==fmt data or to

apply aro
there the roltions betweanto tho
data partainirng one ceofficents for tho cases. 10-1
centor of =ass position~ to V 3
As~teisks repro•nen tho val.u" of a,given c-officient at a now egg.
position in terms of those at another position equrated by a diot=:o q
(in 64.1bers, positive if the mtooion from the old Wth %5 now is nos.uard)

(aNq -CN.)
IN a%q *%> .

:1~9 in M QC aM

(Cp~q CN)V(a

Modified damp••g relation

2(Ci.+qCx;)

'15
 ft'oatb iab"'annovir poitU U progra of tbfb naturi LBt
ý,'ost~nt ap~re of iall and trim that indicate that the model Is not
a;4the simle vyet- reduotlcuorw htotba It is eesaryto

Tal
Vgvea a cagwazibn of *a 'qyes of qxaet reductionsaon
tva'*Wdrounds and 'tobzrve acptmd actions. The aiLz-unkOrovn reduatioz
poaikltesnospin vle tMe ten- m ovn pmvlt8 sfpin ani variAtion of
si.7ot the two actui4 'Wo=01 tbve VWa little. or co uigni.ficant
differece betweem the two reduticas?. The spin leval itvolied was
nall (39dogper foot), In the eue oftbe omutmd motionsaen
act4'effAof L bWjt IS error 1z the d~ping inop inaw'i'ed b7 applying
th x=nf ~utc p oarl ~t f1/t (Rofll ates on
the afr'diz 6 two dzegre per foot ha~preiously ouaed trou~bl1e so tkat
it was a queftion of wh~at lowe vilve.. tvul do.)
Rffeet of Trim
In orider to evaluate the effeat oft varimous trim on the rGaultan frm
8y~t~i~~edut~oac'the yuwift =d'Wsrvin viotions,'reductions of
A&~n with gad vithotrt kiln trim iwe tried. A yuing motion vua
comuted from the symmetric equatiom sad reduced and a asielaw motion
uith trim vaa campu ad sad reduoad ±gmoring the trim. A aver±Mg wtion
was comp ad fromi the sym~etrio sqztions for this Pntion and for thru
diffeenttr-In levels an treated by wymetzio rsductionse
TAble 7rT shows the affect of voz'Ioun levels Of iny~tz" an the
4ampiW mozent det-4 7dzatiou and on the Lift and du~ping, for'ce deate-
mination from t.m &werve, Cen.ide,~r4 the yaving motions trim iqlas
which might be jUft visible in tIha data C002$
1 radians) produced an cacwr
in tse da~ing maxet detarairtion of anbout I4%. A tris of .OQ0rendangs
I'which abould be quit& avielmtj prdtnc-ed about a 13% error. Tho 7=
amooit coefficient war not sa iccaly affected. The caue of the swierving
motion in nub 'weaswtit70. A t~la argle of .002 zadi~s yielded a
satLt&tUol w'rrr of 10l% forr the lift c'ffilent from the fit (the
actual diff~'ece, betWe ±zqut and cownted van of the order of 2%
but W Lh b't iitu The sim tztn gave an OrTdr for the'
dx*W tt'f i-6ifflciEftt of 35% (actual difference 11$), However,

it Gvpean' that emon in the Utt dcatersiticon of up to %~and in the

damping tbooe vp to 10% zdgbt rwuat frow aseyaetries that are not
4030ate]y evidint in the rv- dat~a and idebt evon ho ot= d in a
daring force detunnation from tkanrserre and rkij introduce signiflez--t
e~rrr in the Ianping Mofa det~erdxizAtAon9

[3
 Ii
AMINM 0

TA EU I

FW md Mach MA cAg.
Nog NQ. p gm in gm-in in from
base
2588 1.82 104.65 13. 14 551.46 3..12
2589 1.827 10.73 13.52 552.53 3.n4
259c 1.103 17.68 13. 5 552.06 3.112
2595 1.7814 31.4777 13.72. 552-73 3.2.09
2596 1.81 255.95 26.69 664.84 2.252
2598 1.79 255.95 25.88 859.61 2.258
2599 1.788 2 eL. 65 27.02 8614.1462.0
2591 1.801 255.39 39.80 896.31.4.002
2593 733 2494.8 19.87 896.67 3.999
259L4 1.7145 249.60 19.914 897o99 L8001
3246 1,398 227,02 20,02 013.57 3.045
3247 1.264 227.-25 1.978 81.152 3.056
3248 1.077 228.18 20.43 816.14 3.035
3 sý00227.1.4 19.99 813,72 3.051
3252 l.0oon 227.38 20.04 811.1a 3.044
3253 1.047 227,57 28.18 812.41 3.043
3254 1.506 313.82 2.60 1053.2 2.592
3255 2.032 313.11 28.90 1054.5 2.588
3256 1.993 312.03 28.45 10149,2 2.588
.257 1.390 31.2.46 28.33 1050.3 2.598
25 1,9 311;95 28.09 1050.3 2.599
1084
S3259 313.00 28.49 1050.8 2.590
3260 10017 313.38 28.49 1059.2 2.597
3261 0.975 3n,1 .4 28.21 101459) 2.595
1.,044 31•2,38
S3242 28s42 1047.7 2.590

32614 2,1465 227.26 19.91 819.02 3.076

31
 Row~d TA=~ I-

?e.L. viII &ve Yaw Yothod _

25 1,80 0.7 Sheir Fin

8 11,83 0.9
90 1.80 0,3
95 1,78 0,8
11.,81 1.2
98 1.80 2.4 a
99 1.79 1.2
91 1.50 0.5 "
93 1.73 7.4 "
94 1.714 6.0
324~6 1.s0 14.2
4~7 1062.5
Y&V lato
148 3.08 0.5
10 2.05 2.3
0.5 S1.Lm
53 1.05 0o,6
A• :1.5 1,9 a
55 2.03 0 a Model Mgnet de-
56 1.99 2.6 , =notzed
57 1.39 0.7
58 1,1L 2.3
1.01106 Modea Magma% do-
1.02 ,) upgnot4.ed
m
61 0.08 403
62 1.04 0.3
63 2.42 1.7 U

6L• 2oh7
I
1TJ07 ION VALUES

No@ No. , a-____

2-
MOBp or ri) -(PaRZ
2588 L.812 o.L 0,66 8 (2%) 22.61. (0.7%) 266 (W4)
.9 1.827 0.7 0.614 = (16%) 21.95 (0.6%) 3 LO ( 8%)
90 1.803 o01 0-.6U
9 1•.784 o.6 0.624 22.27 (0.6%) 238 (W4)
96 1.8• 1.5 o,629 U (2W) 9.12 (0.6%) 163 (2W)
98 1,798 5.6 0.621 15 (114) 9.81 (o,4) 216 (8%)
99 1-.788 1.5 0.6U ,5 (,9%) 9.56 (1.0%) 178 (22%)
91 1.801 0.2 0.604 5 (93%) 36.58 (0.6%) 508 ( 8%)
93 1.733 53.14 0.873 1.3(05%) 39.69 (0.14) 1466 ( 7%)
914 1.714536,2 0.777 12.6(3%) 39.29 (0.05%) 518 ( 7%)
32.46 1.318 17.8 0,789 16,3(3,3%) 3o9 (1,2%) 326 ( 4%)
147 1,2614 6,2 0.753 16-7(14-4%) 141.2. (0.2%) 3149 ( 3%) -108 (149%)
148 1.07 0.2o .895 19,0(19#5%) 40.0 (0.9%) 173 (43.%)
49 2.050 5.0 0o,56 10o3(1-3%) 16.8 (0.2$) 304 (%)
52 1.0= 0.2 0.889 9.3(56.5%) 37.7 (0o0%) 51( %)
53 1•,047 0.3 0.883 15.7(22.3%) 38.0 %) 283 ( ) -289 (2c0%)
`4 1.506 3.7 0.710 10.2(20.2%) 21.8 (0.3%) 333 (8%)
5 2.032 0.568
56 1.993 6.6 0.584 11.2k 1.4%) 10.8 (0.0%) 165 (%)
57 1.390 0.5 0.706 25.9 ( %)
58 1•139 5.4 0.850 17.9( L.1%) 27.8 (0.0%) 191 (%)
59 1.c84 0.884 26.9 (0.0%) 138 (%)
60 1,017 .0 0.900 27.8 (5.1%) 177 (35%)
61 0.975 18.14 0.893 19.6( 5.0%) 32.6 (1.3%) -92 (115%)
62 1.044 0.1 0.905 31.;(27.4%) 30.1 (1.7%) 170 (11%)
63 2.4.23 29ý0 -on2 .7( rU";
614 2.1468 0.2 O.1419 21-7

2V
 TABU IV

'UWUT=A!~ OF A ONAMIC PRMMESX AND OWMVAM PHMMLNA

mash liv ehoeo., d

-Douahrmt of Body shock

"-etacbont 7MShock
of
lSlmd of tinteact atin fin tip fu, d an bad$
2.14 fof ntactlu of aug fin cm its no •baolA
Pz~w~ IHub R~m*o
_______ .04 O 2,

,ulm Lppzo•maty ino of

of 1r4~&5iM z~id ilb?8em
"3op witb de-. witb d4oai'ang

Vow' Ucal3 Nua mi~ Ayprcozmte3J

* ~ w point of 0"-
Inia dwre~e
wlth duwrcaaW~
x
?ossib2l' lacal awe, [email protected] SUIRM wona "0f
beim aft wo fmvays~d aft poigitlan rsts of forwa.rd
positLou psi mation wIth I.n-
cieue of X
durgame
* Lcal pa.L Nin±d

Kai=LOWa w~p~m~ loael mu

/=
ILI
RIO m O~lMA
 TATq.1P V
O ARt MN Or JUJTION TYPED

OaC D -V12 k( Cý cm

Compuedt 0 0 /ft Spin 12.27 7.32 6 unknovrw

Oow~ut ed sO f./ft Spin 12.21 7.Lj1 6 uw'im~wn

1.0 % .%
ft~utod t 1.C)0 /ft Sprin 12.21 7.140 6 uxm)on u
%a 1.3%
Rv~uld 2.94 39.29 $5.21 6 unkn=m
7
(spin '1/2 /tt 0.05% 0.6 %
39.2 .5,1,19.510 uimov~ne
0..o08 0,7%
Rou d 2598 9,80 30.81 6 unIawro
(Gpin -1/2 */ft 0.J42% L.9 %
10,01 31-58 2n
0,76% 8.0

I_=
 TA~
MS
CPW
TW ON~ OUCET OMAIN1M FlXM BMW=1 YAW AN~D WMV

c D )C-2 +CH

1. Cu-- ted yn-zUg mtin with 20. L 25-9L

me'o trim 0 0
2, OuVutod yawing rn@tlem with 20.06269
0. CC25 r.A trim o.3 3.6
3. YaIn rati" ofz or 258 9.80 30.9
0.4 4.9

Stim1.2 7

Computed wur,1" intLM with f.~1.

a•ar tri 0 0
o patw With .IoM5 trim U.48
.0o.?
2.14 8
Co:•,ted with .OMl tri .11 143.6
14.8 16

9.7 35

.42
 Attni -DITR•I~JTZ• ZXST
No. of Nof

Qla of oidnanco 2 Cowmdar

Departrwnt of' the A Naval Odnanco Tont
Attni O - Ba Boo 04na Lako California
Attnu ToK Library

Arnold Rn noortnS
Devolopment Centc
3Cef Buzeau of Ordnanoo Tulah~o Tonooosee
ea t of- the 'Navy Attn: Deputy Chiaf of
uhia~ngton 25 P.C. Bu~iff 0 R0
AttnI Ra3

ANMI Pr.in Ground Dovedelopet osTO•

roSr,, •aC.•o
or

1 eiermnt endmt Knott Buiding

Nabal. Pontgrads, School Dyton 2, Ohio
Mtor, C i fcrBia Attni 3 "lan
2 Co dar Ai1ttA Raferenco CDeter
Rval Air Missile Test Tech Infornation Di==sion
Center Library of Conres
SlPoen'r Srnu, Y.lforni• W ngton 2, D.C.
1 Ccttzndn Officer .3 D' eovt:or
amd Mrecto.V Nationrl Advisory ogncttee
David H. Taylor for Aeronautics
Mo~g •.i 112 B Street, N.W.
WNah gtonCommandmg
?s D.C.
Oficer WaShnglston
Dretor 25, D.C,
Artt AerCalif.or nab.
1 C O iecaor National Advisory Coonittee

Naval Air Development for Aeronautics

Cent er Ames Laboratory
John"_• Ile, Penns. Moffett Fields Ca~lifoimia
Ittnt Dr. A.C. Charters
Mr. H.J. Allen
 DZ97~1M ION

¢Cmvdttee for Xn atallat.in

Ageonata Dpo'martm oft heAn
Umg;•w HawrW L800 Oa Go.ve Di•-vo
AwuiuUoi. Lab. Paoadema 2, Califorya,
uvlt7 Fe~d,
l Viz¶1nr.u Attna Mr. Izr1 Be WewLan
* .,. 3,. .' Reporte Gou.
0, B. B"m
0,
We k4olf Ra u I Diroctor, Op'-,-tiow
Rhearch Oft'oo
1
Hati~lmml &dv m 7100 Coneo•tio-t Avenue
Comdttea for Obew' Chue mmpaz.nd
hatinauiztdo wash.ngtAor 15, D.C.
Labwatury 2 Amour Rearo- Fomdation
01,•mean, AOrpct ;, W. 33rd Street
,
Wmey.1ando 0oto Chicago 16, l11±nis
£ttni ?.1. Youwe Attni Mr, W. Wialer
Diretor
Nat.. , Mail of 1 Aem1rbo oaea•D olt

0oinneutiou Avenue & POO. Box 657

vanz eag 1• t NoW. Pacific P.liaiedest Q1lif.

4tr
-Ar&r Ow&O 1 Calif.±ornia 1atiuto of
-=1o
ifobim..w JeaAlm•
25 Atnso Bridge
Norman Dr.• Ltosratory
Wliam 1e
i.,:of IQ of pkui.ea
A•btn
Fpsudsm, Galiazwira
3 Onnwz ftmgOffoar Attnt Dr. Levevatt Daviss are
Plost~wi' Arsenal
Dover, Now Jej 1
I. Co.aol.idated V1utee
Attnt smuel YOU= Lirora ft Corp.
A
kmantJ.m Labarat~orlea Ordnmca Aervpt'ajos Lab.
DaingsrfiOld' Tema
ommmdmn OGaileS1 Attni vý%. J!E. Airnold
7?mkor'd Ar1imal
Pbiladealpb.rh 37 Pwmia. 1 Comeu.l Aeronautical
Attnt Reports 6=%p Laborat=•, Inc.
COmmMMng Officer 9falo, eov TY'k
Radiologicsl Laborntory Librarian
CrcV Cbe!4cal Cemttw, Md.

J44
(.

DISThIB3T'ON IeST
No. of

Calitfornita Institute of I Dr. A. ". Fxkett

11Tehnology Huhes Airteaft Oo4,ron
OGgg~ aoim Aero•autical Florence A--u.-ue at
Pazsadona, California Teal Str.
Attn: Professor H.W.Liepmn COulv' Cit;, California

2. Ooval Sl'ctivto Co. I. Prcfessor Osorge Car•ier

Project M Division of Applied
Soheetad~y IVhw York Soiences
"Attr.1 Mr. J.C-- offtan Fhrvard Univorsity
Ccbridze 38, AMss.
2 Sandia Corporation
USn&na BhO I Prof93or Francis H, OlauEr
P.O. B= 5800 rWaetent of Aroautico
Albuqu.z uo, Now MeXdo John sHpkins 7niversity
attnt ;4. Wye K. C= Baltimore 18, Kirylan

Uzdvermit7 of F40higan
Willow Fbm Rop-e=aeh Cen ar
S'Al.ow Fb= Airport
, E. Co
t t nt M r. JMichigan
'iqbilantis re y
i,.,
1 Unite Airrmoft Corp.
floe.rh partment-
Saut •-atford 8, Connect-i,+
Attri 1r. 0. H. King

1 University of South CALix-nia

Dhrinemring Center
IQo9 Xn~eles 7a Cali~fm-da
bttni Mr. B. R. Saffell,
Z•.recte~r

1. Profesaor Clark B. Xillikan

Guggenheim Aeronauticr,.
asd oratory

N..