Internet of Things

Ministry Of Higher Education
Northern Technical University
Technical College /Mosul
Department Computer Engineering techniques
Evening Study
Report Of :-
Student Name
Jannah helal ibrahem
Supervised By
Yousef Amen
Stage 3rd
2020----------------------------------------------------1441
Introduction
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided
with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network
without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant,
a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-
in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or
man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is
able to transfer data over a network.
Increasingly, organizations in a variety of industries are using IoT to operate

more efficiently, better understand customers to deliver enhanced customer
service, improve decision-making and increase the value of the business.
An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded

systems, such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect,
send and act on data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share
the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge
device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally.
Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on
the information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work
without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices --
for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data.
The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these

web-enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications
deployed.
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Objectives:
In objective of this report we will learn these main topics:
 Why IoT is important

 IoT benefits to organizations
 advantages and disadvantages of IoT
 Consumer and enterprise IoT applications
 IoT security and privacy issues
 Conclusion
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Why IoT is important
The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain
complete control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to
automate homes, IoT is essential to business. IoT provides businesses with a
real-time look into how their systems really work, delivering insights into
everything from the performance of machines to supply chain and logistics
operations.
IoT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also
cuts down on waste and improves service delivery, making it less expensive
to manufacture and deliver goods, as well as offering transparency into
customer transactions.
As such, IoT is one of the most important technologies of everyday life, and
it will continue to pick up steam as more businesses realize the potential of
connected devices to keep them competitive.
IoT benefits to organizations
The internet of things offers several benefits to organizations. Some benefits

are industry-specific, and some are applicable across multiple industries.
Some of the common benefits of IoT enable businesses to:
 monitor their overall business processes;

 improve the customer experience (CX);
 save time and money;
 enhance employee productivity;
 integrate and adapt business models;
 make better business decisions; and
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 generate more revenue.
IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they approach their businesses
and gives them the tools to improve their business strategies.
Generally, IoT is most abundant in manufacturing, transportation and utility

organizations, making use of sensors and other IoT devices; however, it has
also found use cases for organizations within the agriculture, infrastructure
and home automation industries, leading some organizations toward digital
transformation.
IoT can benefit farmers in agriculture by making their job easier. Sensors can
collect data on rainfall, humidity, temperature and soil content, as well as
other factors, that would help automate farming techniques.
The ability to monitor operations surrounding infrastructure is also a factor

that IoT can help with. Sensors, for example, could be used to monitor events
or changes within structural buildings, bridges and other infrastructure. This
brings benefits with it, such as cost saving, saved time, quality-of-life
workflow changes and paperless workflow.
A home automation business can utilize IoT to monitor and manipulate

mechanical and electrical systems in a building. On a broader scale, smart
cities can help citizens reduce waste and energy consumption.
IoT touches every industry, including businesses within healthcare, finance,

retail and manufacturing.
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advantages and disadvantages of IoT
Some of the advantages of IoT include the following:
 ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device;
 improved communication between connected electronic devices;
 transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and

money; and
 automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's services

and reducing the need for human intervention.
Some disadvantages of IoT include the following:
 As the number of connected devices increases and more information is

shared between devices, the potential that a hacker could steal
confidential information also increases.
 Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers --

maybe even millions -- of IoT devices, and collecting and managing the
data from all those devices will be challenging.
 If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every connected device will
become corrupted.
 Since there's no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it's

difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with
each other.
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Consumer and enterprise IoT applications
There are numerous real-world applications of the internet of things,

ranging from consumer IoT and enterprise IoT to manufacturing and
industrial IoT (IIoT). IoT applications span numerous verticals, including
automotive, telecom and energy.
In the consumer segment, for example, smart homes that are equipped
with smart thermostats, smart appliances and connected heating, lighting and
electronic devices can be controlled remotely via computers and smartphones.
Wearable devices with sensors and software can collect and analyze
user data, sending messages to other technologies about the users with the aim
of making users' lives easier and more comfortable. Wearable devices are also
used for public safety -- for example, improving first responders' response
times during emergencies by providing optimized routes to a location or by
tracking construction workers' or firefighters' vital signs at life-threatening
sites.
In healthcare, IoT offers many benefits, including the ability to monitor

patients more closely using an analysis of the data that's generated. Hospitals
often use IoT systems to complete tasks such as inventory management for
both pharmaceuticals and medical instruments.
Smart buildings can, for instance, reduce energy costs using sensors
that detect how many occupants are in a room. The temperature can adjust
automatically -- for example, turning the air conditioner on if sensors detect a
conference room is full or turning the heat down if everyone in the office has
gone home.
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In agriculture, IoT-based smart farming systems can help monitor, for
instance, light, temperature, humidity and soil moisture of crop fields using
connected sensors. IoT is also instrumental in automating irrigation systems.
In a smart city, IoT sensors and deployments, such as smart streetlights and
smart meters, can help alleviate traffic, conserve energy, monitor and address
environmental concerns, and improve sanitation.
IoT security and privacy issues
The internet of things connects billions of devices to the internet and involves
the use of billions of data points, all of which need to be secured. Due to its
expanded attack surface, IoT security and IoT privacy are cited as major
concerns.
In 2016, one of the most notorious recent IoT attacks was Mirai, a botnet that
infiltrated domain name server provider Dyn and took down many websites
for an extended period of time in one of the biggest distributed denial-of-
service (DDoS) attacks ever seen. Attackers gained access to the network by
exploiting poorly secured IoT devices.
Because IoT devices are closely connected, all a hacker has to do is exploit
one vulnerability to manipulate all the data, rendering it unusable.
Manufacturers that don't update their devices regularly -- or at all -- leave them
vulnerable to cybercriminals.
Additionally, connected devices often ask users to input their personal

information, including names, ages, addresses, phone numbers and even
social media accounts -- information that's invaluable to hackers.
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Hackers aren't the only threat to the internet of things; privacy is another major
concern for IoT users. For instance, companies that make and distribute
consumer IoT devices could use those devices to obtain and sell users'
personal data.
Beyond leaking personal data, IoT poses a risk to critical infrastructure,

including electricity, transportation and financial services.
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Conclusion
The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT)-connected devices has had

impact on so many facets of daily life, and this growth is expected to continue.
From connected cars to traffic lights, home security systems, connected toys
and smart speakers, the IoT market has grown for some time and is due to
reach 31 billion connected devices by 2020 and 75 billion devices by 2025.
The future of IoT devices certainly signals more connected things—billions
more.
But IoT devices function in an entire ecosystem of technology

advancements—technologies that will continue to fuel advancements in these
connected devices themselves. The Fourth Industrial Revolution—a
confluence of technologies such as 5G networks, artificial
intelligence, robotics, and cloud and edge computing—will usher in new
benefits with IoT devices, including more immersive experiences via virtual
and artificial reality, even faster, more contextual decision making using real-
time data, greater automation and more human-robotic interaction as well as
reduced costs, greater operational efficiency and more.
With increasingly more connected things, enterprises also have to face the
threat of an expanding attack surface. How enterprises secure things and the
infrastructure that connects them will become increasingly important to the
security of the IoT ecosystem and to successful Internet of Things adoption.
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References
1. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/internet-of-things/future-of-
iot.html
2. https://magazine.wharton.upenn.edu/digital/the-future-of-the-internet-
of-things/
3. https://perfectial.com/blog/future-of-iot/
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Ministry Of Higher Education

Northern Technical University

Technical College /Mosul

Department Computer Engineering techniques

The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices,

Increasingly, organizations in a variety of industries are using IoT to operate

An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded

The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these

In objective of this report we will learn these main topics:

 Why IoT is important

IoT benefits to organizations

The internet of things offers several benefits to organizations. Some benefits

 monitor their overall business processes;

Generally, IoT is most abundant in manufacturing, transportation and utility

The ability to monitor operations surrounding infrastructure is also a factor

A home automation business can utilize IoT to monitor and manipulate

IoT touches every industry, including businesses within healthcare, finance,

Some of the advantages of IoT include the following:

 ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device;

 improved communication between connected electronic devices;

 transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and

 automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's services

Some disadvantages of IoT include the following:

 As the number of connected devices increases and more information is

 Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers --

 Since there's no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it's

There are numerous real-world applications of the internet of things,

In healthcare, IoT offers many benefits, including the ability to monitor

IoT security and privacy issues

Additionally, connected devices often ask users to input their personal

Beyond leaking personal data, IoT poses a risk to critical infrastructure,

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT)-connected devices has had

But IoT devices function in an entire ecosystem of technology

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