Solution

Class 08 - Mathematics

8thmath chaptaer 1,3,6,7

Section A
(9×(−1) −9 (7×(−1)) −7
1. a. = (
13
) and = (
12
)
(−13×(−1)) (−12×(−1))

LCM of 13 and 12 is 156

(−108,−91)

156
−108 −91
<
156 156
−7
Hence, 12
is greater
b. LCM of 9 and 10 is 90.
(−80,−81)

90
−81 −80
<
90 90
−8
Hence, is greater.
9

8 −9 −3 2
2. Given numbers are ,
8
,
2
, 0,
5
7

First, we convert the given numbers as like denominators.

LCM of 7, 8, 2, 5 = 2 × 7 × 4 × 5 = 280
8 8 40 320
Now, 7
=
7
×
40
=
280
−9 −9 35 −315
= × =
8 8 35 280
−3 −3 140 −420
= × =
2 2 140 280
2 2 56 112
= × =
5 5 56 280

In descending order,
320 112 −315 −420
∵ > > 0 > >
280 280 280 280
8 2 −9 −3
⇒ > > 0 > >
7 5 8 2

3. Commutative property of multiplication is x × y = y × x

L.H.S
−7 −14
2× =
8 8

R.H.S
−7 −14
× 2 =
8 8

Therefore, L.H.S =R.H.S

Hence, verified.
1
4. Number of above average students = of the class students
6
1
Number of average students = of the class students
6

∴ Number of below average students = 1 - [ 1 +

1
] of the class students
6 4

2+3
= 1− [ ]
12

5 7
=1− 12
=
12
of the class students
Since, number of students in the class = 48 [given]
7
∴ Number of below average students = × 48 = 28
12

So, number of below average students are 28.

3×−1 −3 5×−1 −5
5. =
2
, =
3
(−2×−1) (−3×−1)

LCM of 3,2,3 and 1 is 6

[−10+(−9)+(−14)+18]
=
6
[−10−9−14+18]
=
6
−15 −5
= =
6 2

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 6. OA is half the diagonal AC and OD is half the diagonal BD.
Since the diagonals of a rectangle are equal, their halves must also be equal.
Hence
OA = OD
⇒ 5x – 1 = 4x + 4

⇒ 5x – 4x = 4 + 1

⇒ x = 5

7. i. Method :
∵ SP∥RQ

∴ m∠P + m∠Q = 180°

⇒ m∠P + 130° = 180°
m∠P = 180° – 130°
m∠P = 50°
m∠R = 90°
ii. Method :
m∠R = 90°
m∠S = 90°
m∠Q = 130°
By angle sum property of a quadrilateral.
m∠P + m∠Q + m∠R + m∠S = 360°
⇒ m∠P + 130° + 90° + 90° = 360°
⇒ m∠P + 310° = 360°
⇒ m∠P = 360° – 310°
⇒ m∠P = 50°.
8. The names of the quadrilaterals whose diagonals bisect each other are parallelogram, rhombus, square,
rectangle.
9. x + 50° = 180° [Conjoint angles are equal]
⇒ x = 180° – 50° = 130°

y = x = 130°[ Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal]

180° – z = 50°
⇒ z = 180° – 50° = 130° [Sum of angles on a straight line is equal to two right angles]

10. By angle sum property of a quadrilateral.

180°– x + 180° – y + 180° – z + 180° – w = 360°
-x -y -z -w =360° -180° -180° -180° -180°
-x -y -z -w = - 360°
Multiplying -1 to both sides we get,
∴ x + y + z + w = 360°.
11. i. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 52 = 25
ii. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 +17 + 19 = 102 = 100
iii. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 +13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 = 122 = 144.
12. The least number divisible by each one of 8, 15 and 20 is their L.C.M.

The L.C.M. of 8, 15 and 20 is 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120

Now prime factorisation of 120 is 120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
The prime factors 2, 3 and 5are not in pairs. Therefore 120 is not a perfect square.
In order to get a perfect square, each factor of 120 must be paired. So, we need to make pairs of 2, 3 and 5.
Therefore 120 should be multiplied by 2 × 3 × 5 ; i.e. 30.
Hence, the required number is 120 × 30 = 3600.

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13.

This shows that 152 < 252

Next perfect square is 162 = 256
Hence, the number to be added is 162 – 252 = 256 – 252 = 4
Therefore, the perfect square so obtained is 252 + 4 = 256
−− −
Hence, √256 = 16.

14.

This shows that 422 < 1825

Next perfect square is 432 = 1849
Hence, the number to be added is 432 – 1825 = 1849 – 1825 = 24
Therefore, the perfect square so obtained is 1825 + 24 = 1849
−−−−
Hence, √1849 = 43.
15. If we take m2 – 1 = 12
Then, m2 = 12 + 1 = 13
Then the value of m will not be an integer.
So, we try to take m2 + 1 = 12. Again m2 = 11 will not give an integer value for m.
So, let us take 2m = 12
then m = 6
Thus, m2 – 1 = 36 – 1 = 35 and m2 + 1 = 36 + 1 = 37
Therefore, the required triplet is 12, 35, 37.

16.

Prime factorisation of 15625 is

5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 [grouping the factors in triplets]
= 53 × 53 = (5 × 5)3 = 253
−− −−−
Therefore, √15625 = 5 × 5 = 25.
3

17. 1188 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 11
The primes 2 and 11 do not appear in groups of three. So, 1188 is not a perfect cube.
In the factorisation of 1188, the prime 2 appears only two times and the prime 11 appears once. So, if we
divide 1188 by 2 × 2 × 11 = 44, then the prime factorisation of the quotient will not contain 2 and 11.
Hence the smallest natural number by which 1188 should be divided to make it a perfect cube is 44.
And the resulting perfect cube is 1188 ÷ 44 = 27 = 33

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18.

Prime factorisation of 91125 is

3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 [grouping the factors in triplets]
= 33 × 33 × 53 = (3 × 3 × 5)3 = 453
−−− −−
Therefore, √91125 = 3 × 3 × 5 =
3
45.

19.

Prime factorisation of 27000 is

2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 [grouping the factors in triplets]
= 23 × 33 × 53
−−−−−
Therefore, √27000 .
3
= 2 × 3 × 5 = 30

20.

By prime factorisation,
256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 [grouping the factors in triplets]
In the above factorisation, 2 remains after grouping 2's in triplets. Therefore, 128 is not a perfect cube. To
make it a cube, we need one 2's more. In that case,
256 × 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 23 × 23 × 23
= (2 × 2 × 2)3
= 83 = 512 which is a perfect cube.
Hence, the smallest number by which 256 must be multiplied to obtain a perfect cube is 2.
The resulting perfect cube is 512 (= 83).
(7×−1) −7
21. =
(−9×−1) 9

Lcm of 9 and 8 is 72

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 Equivalent fractions are
−56 45
and −
72 72
−56 45
We get rational numbers 72
and − 72
−56 −55 −54 −53 −52 −51 −50 −49 48
Therefore we can write any 10 rational numbers between 72
, 72
, 72
, 72
, 72
, 72
, 72
, 72
−
72
,
45
− .
72
1 2 3 1 7
22. (
2
×
3
)+ (
5
×
2
)+
5
1
Taking common
2
1 2 3 7
= ( + )+
2 3 5 5
1 10 9 7
= ( + )+
2 15 15 5
1 19 7
= ( )+
2 15 5
(19+42)
=
30
61
=
30

−14 3 −4 15
23. a. [ ] × × [ ] ×
9 5 7 16

1
=
2
1
Hence answer is .
2
0 −1 −5
b. Divide the number line on the left side of zero into 5 equal parts starting from 5
,
5
,..... 5
. Bold mark
−1

5
as required in the question and mark it as any alphabet like A,X,P,etc.

2 26 2 15
24. a. 5
÷
15
= 5
×
26
2
=
13
−36 −3 −36 75
b. 125
÷ = 125
×
−3
75
36
=
5

a+b a+b
25. If a and b are two rational numbers, then 2
is a rational number between a and b such that a <
2
< b .
1 1
Thus, the mean of the given rational numbers 4
and 2
is
1 1 1+2 3 1 3
( + )÷ 2 = ( ) ÷ 2 = × =
4 2 4 4 2 8

1 3 1
and < <
4 8 2
3 1 1
Thus, 8
lies between 4
and 2
.
26. Given, an isosceles trapezium, where AB || DC and AD = BC and ∠A = 60 °.
Then, ∠B = 60°.
Draw a line parallel to BC through D which intersects the line AB at E. 
Then, DEBC is a parallelogram, where
BE = CD = 20 cm and DE = BC = 10 cm
now ∠DEB+ ∠CBE = 180 °
[adjacent angles are supplementary in parallelogram]
⇒ ∠DEB =180° – 60° = 120°
∴ in ΔADE, ∠ADE = 60°  [exterior angle]
Also ∠DEA = 60° [∵AD = DE = 10 cm and ∠DAE =  60°]
Then ΔADE is an equilateral triangle.
∴ AE = 10 cm

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 ⇒ AB = AE + EB = 10 + 20 = 30 cm
Hence x = 30 cm

27. AC = 10 cm
We know that all sides of a square are equal.
∴ AB = BC = CD = DA
and each angle measures 90°
∴ ∠ABC = ∠BCD = ∠CDA = ∠DAB = 90°
Now in right angled triangle ABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 (By Pythagorean theorem)
⇒ 102 = AB2 + AB2
⇒ 100 = 2 AB2
⇒ AB2 = 100/2
⇒ AB2 = 50
⇒ AB = √50 = 7.07(approx)
28. Given in a kite WEAR, ∠WEA = 70°, ∠ARW = 80°
Now by the interior angle sum property of a quadrilateral,
∠RWE + ∠WEA + ∠EAR + ∠ARW = 360°
⇒ ∠RWE + 70° + ∠EAR + 80° = 360°
⇒ ∠RWA + ∠EAR = 360° - 150
⇒ ∠RWA + ∠EAR = 210° ----------- (i)
Now ∠RWA = ∠RAW [∵ RW = RA]………… (ii)
and ∠AWE = ∠WAE [∵ WE = AE]………… (iii)
On adding equations (ii) and (iii) we get
∠RWA + ∠AWE = ∠RAW + ∠WAE
⇒ ∠RWA = ∠RAW
From equation (i)
2∠RWE = 210°
⇒ ∠RWE = 105°
⇒ ∠RWE = ∠RAE = 105°
29. Let angles be 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x.
Thus, 3x + 4x + 5x + 6x = 360°
since sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.
So, 18x = 360° or, x = 20°
Thus, angles are 60°, 80°, 100°, 120°.
30. The sum of the measures of the angles of a convex quadrilateral is 360° as a convex quadrilateral is made of
two triangles.
This property also holds true for a quadrilateral which is not convex. This is because any quadrilateral can be
divided into two triangles.
Let ABCD is a non-convex quadrilateral and join BD, which also divides the quadrilateral into two triangles.

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 Using angle sum property of triangle,
In ΔABD, ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 180∘
In ΔBDC, ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6 = 180∘
Adding eq. (i) and (ii),
∘
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6 = 360

⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 + (∠3 + ∠4) + ∠5 + ∠6

= 360o
∘
⇒ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360

Hence proved.
31. Number of person in each queue = the number of queues
The number of queues = √441 = √3 × 3 × 7 × 7 = 3 × 7 = 21
∴ 21 people standing in each queue and there are 21 queues.
32. The prime factorisation of 396 is 396 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11
We see that prime factor 11 has no pair. So, if we divide 396 by 11, then we get

396 / 11 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Now each prime factor has a pair. Therefore, 396 / 11 = 36 is a perfect square. Thus, the required smallest
number is 11.
33. The prime factorisation of 2645 is 2645 = 5 × 23 × 23.
We see that prime factor 5 has no pair. So, if we divide 2645 by 5, then we get

2645 / 5 = 23 × 23
Now the only prime factor 23 has a pair. Therefore, 2645 / 5 = 529 is a perfect square. Thus the required
smallest number is 5.
−−−
Hence, √529 = 23.
34. The prime factorisation of 1008 is 1008 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
As the prime factor 7 has no pair, 1008 is not a perfect square.
If 7 gets a pair, then the number will be a perfect square. So, we multiply 1008 by 7 to get

1008 × 7 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
Now each prime factor has a pair. Therefore, 1008 × 7 = 7056 is a perfect square. Thus the required smallest
number is 7.
−−−−
Thus, √7056 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 87.
35. The prime factorisation of 1620 is 1620 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
We see that prime factor 5 has no pair. So, if we divide 1620 by 5, then we get

1620 ÷ 5 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3

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 Now each factor has a pair. Therefore, 1620 / 5 = 324 is a perfect square. Thus the required smallest number
is 5.
36. 26244 is not a perfect cube. By prime factorization, we have,
26244= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 9 × 9 × 9 = 22 × 32 × 93.
As 22 and 32 does not appear in triplets, 26244 is not a perfect cube.
To make it a perfect cube, 26244 should be divided by 22 × 32 = 4 × 9 = 36.
Therefore it becomes, 26244 ÷ 36 =729, which is a perfect cube.
729 = 93
−−−
i.e., √729
3
= 9

37. Given, 81a4 = a6

6
a
i.e., 81= 4
= a
2

81 = a2
−−
a = √81 = 9

Therefore, a3 = 93 = 729.
38. No.of plants in the garden = 400
400 is not a perfect cube. So, some number should be added to 400 to make it a perfect cube.
400 lies between 73 = 343 and 83 = 512.
Therefore, to make 400 to 512, the number that should be added to 400 is
512 - 400 = 112.
So, 112 more plants should be grown, to make total number 512, which is a perfect cube.
39. {[52 + (122)1/2]3}
= {[25 + (12)2x1/2]3}
= {[25 + 12]3}
= {[37]3} = 37 × 37 × 37 = 50653.
40. Resolving into prime factors, 4913 = 17 × 17 × 17
3
4913 17×17×17 17 17 17 17
Now, 4.913 = 1000
=
10×10×10
=
10
×
10
×
10
= (
10
)
3 −−−− 17
√4.913 =
10
= 1.7 .

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