NAME: VINCENT WARREN YANIB

(WEEK 1-9)

Let’s Check
Activity 1.1a. TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statements are correct and FALSE if they are
incorrect.

FALSE 1. The United Nations is a convention participated by 16 European countries and

several American states that aims to adopt a convention for the treatment of
wounded soldiers in combat.
FALSE 2. The Great Charter is translated as “Magnum Charta”
FALSE 3. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is recognized as the world’s first
charter of human rights.
FALSE 4. It was Eleanor Roosevelt that authored the American Declaration of
Independence.
FALSE 5. The two themes stressed by the United States Declaration of Independence
were individual rights and political rights.
TRUE 6. It was on October 24, 1945 that the United Nations came into being comprising
50 countries all over the world.
TRUE 7. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights outlined the 30 fundamental rights
that form the basis for a democratic society.
TRUE 8. The main principles laid down in the Geneva Convention provided for the
obligation to extend care without discrimination to wounded and sick military
personnel.
TRUE 9. The US Bill of Rights was the first ten amendments to the US Constitution that
protected the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors in American territory.
FALSE 10. The United Nations Human Rights Commission was established under the
UN’s Economic and Social Council and under the Chairmanship of Eleanor
Roosevelt.

Activity 1.1b. Enumerate the different documents that asserted individual rights throughout the
world.

The different documents that asserted individual rights throughout the world are the the
Magna Carta, Petition of Right, United States Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of
the United States of America and the Bill of Rights, French Declaration of the Rights of Man and
the Citizen, so on and so forth.
Let’s Analyze
Activity 1.2. Answer the following questions.

1. If Cyrus the Great had not set forth the Cyrus Cylinder to the Babylons, had he not freed the
slaves and declared that all people had the right to choose their own religion, do you think we
would still acquire our rights as humans at this present time? Explain your answer.

Maybe we won’t acquire our rights, because in my own perspective the Cyrus Cylinder
was used as a basis and foundation of many different documents that asserted human rights. To
make it concise, it is used as a historical reference in these present and existing human rights.
Meaning to say, there are certain human rights that will not arise considering that there are no
basis from the past.

2. Explain the contribution of the United Nations on the promotion of human rights worldwide.

The United Nations contributed a lot in the promotion of human rights worldwide like
giving protocols and making treaties in order to protect every human being and uphold their
rights across the world.

3. In your view, how important is the acquisition of rights to every human being?

Strictly speaking, the acquisition of rights to every person is way too important
considering that without human rights, world will be more chaotic for the reason that human
being will not settle down not unless their rights are being compromised. Human rights are not a
privilege granted by the few, they are a liberty entitled to all, and human rights, by definition,
include the rights of all humans, those in the dawn of life, the dusk of life, or the shadows of life.
With the acquisition, humans will live in the sense of freedom or liberty.
In a Nutshell
MY TIMELINE. Studying the history of human rights is of importance in order to know where our
basic rights have originated and how it evolved from protecting not just our basic rights but also
our multifaceted rights. In this portion of the unit, you will be required to make a timeline of the
development of the protection of human rights from the creation of Cyrus Cylinder up to the
present.

The timeline must be presented in this manner:

DATE NAME OF THE LAW, RIGHTS

CONVENTION OR BEING
DOCUMENT SPECIFIED
539 B.C. Cyrus Cylinder  Freedom of
slaves
 Right to
choose own
religion

1215 Magna Carta  Right of the Church

(Great Charter) to be free from
government
 Right of widows
who owned
property not to
remarry
 Right of all citizens
to own and inherit
property

1776 United States Declaration  Individual Rights

Of Independence  Right of revolution.

1787 The Constitution of the United  Basic rights of

States of America citizens.

 Rights of
“liberty,
1789 French Declaration of the property,
Rights of Man and the Citizen security, and
resistance to
oppression”
 Equality of
rights
  Rights of all
citizens, residents
1791 The Bill of Rights and visitors in
American territory.
 Right to keep and
bear arms

 Rights must be
The Universal respected at all
1948 Declaration times, anywhere in
on Human Rights the world.
 Fundamental rights
that form the basis
for a democratic
society.

  Right of the people

to be secure in
their persons,
houses, papers,
and effects against
unreasonable
searches and
seizures of
whatever nature.
  Right of the people
to information on
The Constitution of the matters of public
1987 Republic of the Philippines concern shall be
ARTICLE III. Bill of Rights recognized.
 Right of the people,
including those
employed in the
public and private
sectors, to form
unions,
associations, or
societies for
purposes not
contrary to law
shall not be
abridged.

2016 United Nations Human  Right to internet

Rights Council access.
Let’s Check

Activity 2.1a. Classify the enumerated rights by writing the corresponding letter of each correct
answer on the space provided before each number.
C - Civil Rights
P - Political Rights
E - Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

__ P____ 1. Right to Suffrage ____E__ 11. Right to Work

___ C ___ 2. Right to Marry ____E__ 12. Right to Adequate Wages
____P____ 3. Right to Hold Public Office ____P__ 13. Right to Get Elected
____C____ 4. Right to Oppose the Government ____C__ 14. Right to Life
____C___ 5. Right to Family Life ___E___ 15. Right to Fixed Hours of Work
____E____ 6. Right to Religious Freedom ___C___16. Right to Personal Freedom
____E____ 7. Right to Social Security ____E__ 17. Freedom of Press
____P____ 8. Right to Form Political Parties ____E__ 18. Right to Rest and Leisure
____C_____9. Right to Equality ____C___19. Right to Health
____C____ 10. Right to Justice ____C___ 20. Right to Housing

Activity 2.1b. Fill in the Blanks. Write your answers on the space provided before each number.
AS A BIRTHRIGHT 1. It defined human rights as rights which are inherent in nature and we cannot live
as human beings without these rights.
INPRESCRIPTIBLE 2. It is that principle stressing that human rights remain on a person even if he fails
to assert such rights.
____PROTECT_ _ 3. It is the obligation of the state and its agents to take necessary measures in
preventing other individuals from violating another individuals’ human rights.
HUMAN RIGHTS_ 4. Defined as those rights that are supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life,
dignity and self-development.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 5. These are rights guaranteed in the Constitution’s Bill of Rights.
DEROGABLE OR RELATIVE RIGHTS 6. Rights that can be suspended or restricted or limited
depending or circumstances.
NATURE OR MORAL RIGHTS 7. These are God given rights.
INALIENABLE 8. A principle stating that human rights cannot be taken away from any free human
person.
POLITICAL RIGHTS 9. What do you call those rights which enable a person to participate directly or
indirectly in running the affairs of the government?
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS 10. This is also called positive or programmable
rights.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1.2. Answer the following questions.

1. Can an individual’s rights be limited, suspended or restricted? Provide an explanation for

your answer.
Yes, there are certain rights than can be limited, suspended or restricted. Like right to religion, it
may be subject to limitations in accordance with article 18(3) of ICCPR. 

2. Choose one Non-Derogable Right granted to an individual that you think could be a
Derogable Right. Explain your choice.
As far as my belief concern, I think right to vote could be a derogable right considering
that the person being restricted or suspended to vote due to conviction of a crime does
not merely affect and his political perspective and insights. Meaning to say, Convicted or
not, everyone should vote.
In a Nutshell
MY RIGHTS. As a human being, it is essential that we know our own rights so that we can’t
become victims of any unjust, inhumane and inappropriate exploitation of our basic human rights.
In this portion of the unit, you will be required to choose one Article in the Bill of Rights of the 1987
Philippine Constitution which contains one right which you like best. You are not obliged to
memorize the Article in verbatim (word for word), it is enough that you can convey correctly the
specific right. You are also required to provide an example of that right and site a case which has
violated your chosen right.

I have chosen the Article 11 of the 1987 Philippine constitution bill of rights which stated that:
Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to
any person by reason of poverty. It is very common in our country, like in the case of Ricardo Rio, where
he is convicted of rape yet he didn’t receive a fair trial on his appeal because he can’t afford a private
counsel. It emphasizes the injustice in our country. Knowing that justice is just for the rich. I don’t
specifically blame the government, yet I blame the system and how it works.
Let’s Check
Activity 3.1. TWO TRUTHS AND A LIE. Each item will have three choices. Pick the letter of the
answer, which you think is a lie among the three choices. Write your answers on the space
provided before each number.

_____C_______ 1.
a. Extra-Judicial Killing is the unlawful killing with the acquiescence of the government.
b. Torture is the infliction of physical pain to acquire information.
c. Enforced Disappearances is the taking of person into custody and denying him proper
treatment.
______C______ 2.
a. All detainees must not be deprived of access to their family and lawyer.
b. Personnel must not carry out orders of enforced disappearances.
c. Persons can be arrested even if there are no legal grounds to do so.
______A______ 3.
a. Fire trucks must not be used during non-violent assemblies to avoid serious to
permanent injury.
b. During non-violent assemblies, open dialogue must be done with protest leaders to
help the police establish “ground rules” and communication lines.
c. Female CDM personnel who are properly trained and equipped must be deployed as
front liners during non-violent assemblies.
_____B_______ 4.
a. Citizens are Claim-Holders whose rights must be protected by the police.
b. States are Rights-Holders who protects the rights of its citizens.
c. Police are Duty-Holders with the obligation to protect, fulfill and respect human rights.
_____A_______ 5.
a. To RESPECT human rights means interfering with the enjoyment of people’s rights.
b. To PROTECT human rights means to implement laws that provide equal protection to
all persons from human rights violations by state authorities or by non-state actors.
c. To FULFILL human rights means act of establishing institutions and implementing
systems, mechanisms or procedures that enable people to claim and enjoy their
rights.
_____C_______ 6.
a. Allocating a well-secured room where the detainee can privately speak with his
lawyers and family is a considered a respectful treatment.
b. Designate a liaison officer who shall be responsible for coordinating with the Office of
the Prosecutor and the Court for the speedy release of commitment orders is
considered a respectful treatment.
c. Using a more commanding and unprofessional language to obtain compliance or
control over persons who are uncooperative is considered a respectful treatment.
_____B______ 7.
a. Equal Protection is discriminating no one on any grounds, and especially against
violence and other threats.
b. Use of Lethal Force should not be used only when your property is in imminent
danger.
c. Humane Treatment of Detainees is not inflicting nor tolerating any act of torture or ill-
treatment to detainees under any circumstances.
______A______ 8.
a. Use force only when ordered by superior.
b. Respect and safeguard human rights.
c. Never commit any act of corruption.
______A______ 9.
 a. Human rights abuse can adversely affect the trust and confidence of the state.
b. Human rights abuse delays or denies justice to be given to victims of the crime and
their families.
c. Human rights abuse subjects the police and other government agencies to local and
international criticism and possible sanctions
______A_____ 10.
a. Equal Protection means to not inflict, instigate, nor tolerate any act of torture or ill-
treatment to detainees.
b. Equal Protection means without discrimination on any grounds, and especially against
violence and other threats.
c. Equal protection means to be especially vigilant in protecting potentially vulnerable
groups such as children, the elderly, women, refugees, displaced persons, and
members of minority groups.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 3.2. Answer the following questions.

1. Do you think human rights can be protected even without the presence of our law
enforcement? How important is law enforcement in the protection of human rights?

Yes, because it’s not just the law enforcement agency that can protect human rights
considering that there are several government agencies that can also protect either way. Yet,
law enforcement is too essential in protecting human rights because they lie at the very core
or front of maintain peace and order, upholding the rule of law in the country and ensuring
public safety.

2. What is Human Rights-Based Policing?

It is the comprehensive, systematic, and institutional compliance with international human

rights standards and practices in the conduct of police or law enforcement functions. It is also an
approach to policing that defines the relationship between individual citizens and various groups or
sectors of society as claim holders whose rights have to be respected and protected by the police
and the Police as duty holders that have obligations to respect, protect and fulfill human rights.

3. Do you think that the implementation of a rights-based policing system in the Philippines has
contributed to the welfare of the state and its citizens? Explain your answer.
Yes, it contributed and pave out a way of building trust, respect and confidence from the
states towards its citizens.
4. Why must the police protect human rights? How does protecting human rights benefit them?

Police must protect human rights since that it is also their main task as a duty-holder. In
protecting the rights, law enforcement can benefit from it in the way that it maintains their good
public image.
In a Nutshell
MY TAKE OF ANALYSIS. The promotion and protection of human rights is a very
important role that must be played by the law enforcement pillar of criminal justice in the
Philippines. Especially during this Covid-19 pandemic, the need for them is at its peak to
protect and prevent any violations of the law promulgated by the government during this
pandemic. However, these frontliners have been involved in several cases that includes
issues of human rights. In this portion of the unit, you are required to do an analysis of the
most famous cases that happened since the lockdown started in the country involving law
enforcement officers.

'Prejudgment, differing testimonies': 'Self-defense' remark over Ragos slay worries

Philippine Army

Since the lockdown, there are several cases that include the law enforcement agency and the
citizens. Like the killing of a former soldier at a Quezon City quarantine checkpoint and was done in
a judgment call and a self-defence according to Police Master Sgt Daniel florendo. In other hand,
witness gave statements that differ from the latter.
Rights of ex-soldier, Cpl. Winston Ragos were violated because there are no legal grounds to
kill him based on the video footage recorded by a witness. Clearly, the footage showed that
florendo with his firearm pointed at Ragos, ordering him to drop to the ground several times. As for
clarifications, Ragos is suffering post-traumatic stress disorder caused by his war encounters
against communist rebels at Bicol region.
Strictly speaking, Law enforcers must not kill well or mentally ill man based on what they believe
or judge without due process of the law. Even when judgment was clever and good enough, police
officers should‘ve put him under their custody for questioning not by making him gone forever just
for a single judgment and decision. If the Law Enforcement Agency didn’t mitigate and avoid cases
like this, maybe public trust and confidence are at stake for them as they were the so-called Duty-
holders that respect and fulfill human rights yet they’re the main law breaker, considering that their
officers violated some constitutional rights.
Let’s Check
Activity 4.1. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write your answer on
the space provided before each number.
_____C______ 1. Genocide means:
a. The act of destroying in whole an ethnic or racial group.
b. The act of destroying in part a national or religious permanent group.
c. Both a and b.
d. None of the answers are correct.
______D_____ 2. Genocide can be committed through the following acts, EXCEPT:
a. Killing the members of a group.
b. Causing serious bodily harm to the members of a group.
c. Imposing measures prevent births within a group.
d. Forcibly giving birth to children who is not a member of a group.
______A____ 3. This is also known as the “Human Rights Victims Reparation and Recognition
Act of 2013”
a. RA 10368 c. RA 10575
b. RA 9851 d. RA 6975
______C_____ 4. This refers to the act of taking a person into custody against his will by persons
acting in an official capacity.
a. Arrest c. Detention
b. Enslavement d. Human Rights Violation
______C_____ 5. What is that act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental,
is intentionally inflicted on any person under the custody of persons acting in an official capacity?
a. Punishment c. Torture
b. Enslavement d. Apartheid
______C_____ 6. The international infliction of conditions of life, inter alia, the deprivation of access to
food and medicine, calculated to bring about the destruction of a part of a population.
a. Enslavement c. Extermination
b. Apartheid d. Enforced Disappearances
_______B____ 7. When a person who takes no active part in hostilities is killed or seriously
injured, the crime committed is?
a. Other Crimes Against Humanity c. Genocide
b. War Crimes d. Persecution
_______A____ 8. All person who shall commit international crimes punishable under Republic Act
No. 9851 shall be prosecuted under the original and exclusive jurisdiction of?
a. Regional Trial Court c. Municipal Trial Court
b. International Court of Justice d. Supreme Court
_______D____ 9. Which of the following is not true about the provisions of RA 9851?
a. The Philippines adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of
the law of the country.
b. The Regional Trial Court shall have exclusive and original jurisdiction over crimes
committed under the Revised Penal Code.
c. The prosecution and execution of sentences imposed on the crimes committed under
the law shall not prescribe.
d. The MILF, MNLF and ASG may also be held individually criminally liable for grave
breaches of the International Humanitarian Law
______C_____ 10. Which of the following is not a crime?
a. Enlisting Gino who is 14 years old into the national armed forces.
b. Enlisting Tino who is 17 years old into an armed force which is not an armed force of
the state.
c. Using Lino who is 19 years old to participate in hostilities actively.
d. Using Nino who is 17 years old to participate in the national armed forces.
_____D______ 11. A person who is considered Hors de Combat is any of the following, EXCEPT:
a. In the power of an adverse party.
b. Has clearly expressed an intention to surrender.
c. Has been rendered incapacitated by wounds or sickness and therefore is incapable of
 defending himself and does not attempt to escape.
d. None of these
______A_____ 12. When a war happens between the United States and China, such armed
conflict is classified as
a. International Armed Conflict c. Non-International Armed Conflict
b. National Armed Conflict d. State Armed Conflict
______B_____ 13. When a person feigns surrender and this invites the confidence of an enemy
to believe that he is entitled to protection under the rules of International Humanitarian Law, with
the intent to betray that confidence, he is committing?
a. SApartheid c. Enslavement
b. Perfidy d. Persecution
______C_____ 14. “No quarter will be given” means
a. Willing to give mercy. c. Refusing to spare a life.
b. Giving full respect to life. d. Refusing to give full authorization to kill.
______B_____ 15. Which of the following is not punishable under Republic Act No. 9851?
a. Crimes Against the International Humanitarian Law
b. Crimes Against the Rules War
c. Crimes Against Humanity
d. Genocide

Let’s Analyze
Activity 4.2. Answer the following questions.

1. Explain how an international law becomes a part of our Philippine law.

An international law becomes a part of our Philippine law when our country basically
started to adopt treaties, doctrines and general principles of an international law.

2. Is the adoption of the Geneva Convention and its Additional Protocols has helped the
Philippines in addressing its problems in relation to the violation of human rights in the
country?

Yes, it strengthens the citizens in the way that it sets out as a basic principle and treaty of
human rights in dealing violation like the lack of human control and systems.

3. What do you think is the benefit of Republic Act No. 10368 to the victims of Martial Law during
the time of Marcos?

For me the benefit of the before said act to the victims is that it recognize their heroism,
sacrifice and acknowledge their sufferings and damages inflicted upon them during the regime
of former President Marcos.
In a Nutshell
MY ARTICLE. It is known that Republic Act 9851 and Republic Act 10368 are laws that protect
human rights and prohibit gross violations of human rights in the Philippines. In this portion of the
unit, you will be asked to utilize your internet connections. You are required to search any kind of
article that contains violations of Ra 9851 and RA 10368 that you think has jeopardized the rights
accorded to every Filipinos.

The article must come from reliable sources in the internet. This must be handwritten. At the last
page of the article however, you must give your own opinion whether you personally think that it is
a violation of the laws or not. Explain your view.

Q & A LIST. This section allows you to list down all emerging questions or issues. Questions or
issues may be also raised in the Schoology, Facebook messenger, email and etc. If not through
online, you can write your answers in this printed module after clarification. This Q & A portion will
help you in the review of concepts and essential knowledge

Based on the article of Rappler, Drug suspects are still killed even after surrendering to
authorities, which is a violation of Hors de combat under Ra 9851.

In my own point of view, it is clearly a violation of the rights accorded to every Filipino
considering that each human being has the right to life and right against cruel, inhuman and
degrading punishment, without due process of the law. Shame to those victims who do clearly
expressed an intention to surrender and not attempting or trying to escape in the hands of the
authorities yet being murdered judgmentally.
Let’s Check
Activity 5.1. Fill in the Blanks. Choose the correct answer among the choices given inside the
box and write it on the blanks. Provide for the definition of the unchosen words below.

Hors de Combat International Armed Conflict Non-International Armed Conflict

Genocide Henry Dunant Civilian
Combatants De Martens Clause Civilian Objects
Military Objectives Treaty Law Customary Law
Ratification Accession Principle of Limitation

1. Nestle is considered a civilian when she is not a member of the armed forces and is protected
against attack.
2. All members of armed forces are considered Combatants.
3. De Martens Clause is also known as the “Fall Back Principle”.
4. Rea Mae is considered Hors de Combat since she is no longer in condition to engage in any
form of combat.
5. If a war between China and US ensues, this conflict can be called International Armed Conflict.
6. It is called genocide when Christin and his army would kill a national, or religious group.
7. Angelica, the leader of the New People’s Army in the Philippines waged a war against
President Maria Jessa Capoy. The war between them is considered Non-International Armed
Conflict
8. Ratification is the act of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement,
making it officially valid.
9. Houses, schools, churches, farms, commercial buildings, public transport are considered
Civilian objects.
10. Military Objectives are limited to those objects which, by nature, location, purpose or use,
make for an effective contribution to military action and whose destruction, capture or
neutralization under the circumstances, offers a definite military advantage.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 5.2. Explain the difference between the following.

1. International Armed Conflict and Non-International Armed Conflict

International armed conflict are those chaos or disputes in which at least two
states are involved while non-international armed conflict are those restricted or limited to
the territory of a single state, involving either regular armed forces fighting groups of
armed dissidents, or armed groups fighting each other

2. Civilians and Combatants

Civilians are person who are not members of the armed forces of party to an
armed conflict, and are protected against attack, unless and for such time as they take a
direct part in armed hostilities. While combatants all members of such armed forces
usually or international armed conflicts, except medical and religious personnel.

3. Military Objectives and Civilian Objects

Civilian Objects are all objects that are not military objectives and are protected
against attack, unless and for such time as they are military objectives. Like houses,
schools, churches, farms, commercial buildings, public transport while military
objectives are limited to those objects which, by nature, location, purpose or use, make
for an effective contribution to military action and whose destruction, capture or
neutralization under the circumstances, offers a definite military advantage such
 asweapons, mar material, military works and establishments, supplies and vehicles.

4. Ratification and Accession

Ratification is the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty,

contract, or agreement, making it officially valid while accession is the act
whereby a state accepts the offer or the opportunity to become a party to a treaty
already negotiated and signed by other states and has the same legal effect
as ratification

5. Treaty Law and Customary Law

Treaty law are treaties, conventions, protocols and similar international

legal instruments – binging on States Parties which ratify or accede while
customary law are generally accepted principles and rules established by
sufficient stat practice and legal opinion which are binding on all, particularly on all
parties to armed conflicts

In a Nutshell
MY ESSAY. The International Humanitarian Law has provided countries a chance to adopt an
international basis in protecting the rights of its own citizens. In this portion of the unit, you will be
required to state your arguments or synthesis relevant to International Humanitarian Law. You are
to explain the importance and significance of International Humanitarian Law to every human
being living in the Philippines, especially to a human being like you in an essay. The essay must
contain a minimum of 500 words. Written in an A4 coupon bond.

NOTE: Rubrics for scoring your essay shall be provided a day before the making of the essay.

Q & A LIST. This section allows you to list down all emerging questions or issues. Questions or issues may be
also raised in the Schoology, Facebook messenger, email and etc. If not through online, you can write your
answers in this printed module after clarification. This Q & A portion will help you in the review of concepts and
essential knowledge

International humanitarian law generally recognized as a law of war was made in order
to set body of rules to protect and secure people during times of crisis. After the excesses of World War
II, the international community was more or less in agreement as to what needed to be done about the
brutality of war, and as a result IHL, as embodied by the Geneva Conventions and Hague Declarations,
was born. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) applies solely in armed conflict situations, and its first
rule is very emphatic. The parties to the conflict must at all times be distinguished between civilians and
combatants. Attacks may only be directed at combatants as well as attacks must not be directed
against civilians. In addition to what has been said, IHL prohibited several types of combat tactics and
practices with the goal in mind of, curbing if not completely eradicating such weapons and tactics which
cause indiscriminate damage or unnecessary suffering. The scope of this law also applies to the
domestic conflicts between states and non-state actors in accordance to Additional Protocol II to the
1949 Geneva Conventions (1977). International Humanitarian Law, therefore, applies to the
Philippines, which is embroiled in a number of its own domestic conflicts.
The Philippines is no stranger to conflict, having been occupied by the Spanish, Americans and
Japanese over a four-hundred year period, more often than not with varying levels of armed force
involved. Whether in a classroom or government office, community health center and transportation
terminals; the discussion about armed conflict in the Philippines is usually concrete and maybe even
personal. The country is no stranger to the consequences of internal armed conflict, having witnessed
two of the longest on going armed opposition movements in the region. This is why the rules of
international humanitarian law (IHL) are so important in this country and in many others. International
Humanitarian Law seeks to limit the human suffering and cost of armed conflict, by imposing limits on
the ways the opposing sides wage war. But it isn’t enough for this law to exist. These rules must be
followed if they are ever to improve the plight of the people they are designed to protect, such as
civilians.
The promotion of human and peoples’ rights is pursued through individual and collective action.
They are the product or purposive struggle and are linked to the real conditions and concerns of the
people. While much has been achieved, much remains to be done. In this new millennium, there will
remain the need for human protection as well as defenders so long as repressive regimes, systems and
structures exist that threaten to oppose across our gains. In our world today, more and more people
have become aware and thus aspire to live in an environment that protects the universal standards.
Human rights are our source of strength and power, as a citizen in the country it enable us to continue
to work for peace, prosperity, progress and sustainable development. The cause of this law enlivens
our commitment to the realizations of the fullness of life. This is our collective task as a people in
solidarity with all the people of the world.
Let’s Check
Activity 6.1. Write P if the weapons enumerated is prohibited by the International Humanitarian
Law in its limitations on methods and warfare and NP if it is not prohibited. Write your answers on
the space provided.

____ P _____ 1. Incendiary Weapon _____P_____ 11. Expanding Bullet

____ NP ______2. Dumdum Bullet ____ NP ____ 12. Zip Guns
____P______ 3. Nuclear Weapon ____ NP ____13. Tracing Bullet
____P______ 4. Armor-Piercing Projectiles ____ NP ____14. Machine Gun
____ NP _____5. Spears ____ NP ____15. Tank
_____ NP _____6. Bayonet ____ NP ____16. Detectable Fragments
_____P______ 7. Cluster Munition _____P_____17. Poison
_____P______ 8. Blinding Laser Weapon _____P_____18. Booby Traps
___ NP ______ 9. Colt 45 _____P_____ 19. Laser Weapons
_____P______ 10. Anti-Personnel Landmines _____P_____ 20. Dazzler

Let’s Analyze
Activity 5.2. Answer the following question.

1. Why are these means and methods prohibited?

a. Incendiary Weapons- it is prohibited for the reason it set fire to objects or burn injury to
persons throught action of flame
b. Laser Weapons- it is prohibited for the reason it is designed to cause permanent
blindness to every human
c. Cluster Munitions- it is prohibited for the reason it is designed to disperse or release
explosive submunitions each weighing less than 20 kilograms, and includes those
explosive munitions.
d. Anti-Personnel Landmine- it is prohibited for the reason it is crafted to exploded by the
presence, proximity or contact of a person and that will incapacitate, injure or kill
one or more persons

2. On what instances can these remedies be availed?

a. Writ of Habeas Corpus- it can be available to all cases of all illegal confinement or
detention
b. Writ of Habeas Data- it is accessible or available to any person whose right to privacy
in life, liberty or security is violated or threatened by an unlawful act or omission of
a public official or private individual
c. Writ of Amparo- it can be Available to person whose right to life, liberty and security
has been violated or is threatened with violation by an unlawful act or omission of a
public official, private individual or entity.
In a Nutshell
MY ARGUMENT. The Filipinos have been under the leadership of the late President Ferdinand
Marcos and the country has already been put under Martial Law which have provided great
opportunities for abusive law enforcers and militaries to oppress and mistreat humans during their
time. In this portion of the unit, you will be required to state your arguments or synthesis relevant
to the topics presented.

Now that the whole world is experiencing a pandemic in which our country the Philippines has
also been a part of, a lockdown has been put into effect in the entire archipelago. However, talks
of Martial Law being implemented have surfaced ever since the lockdown started. Let us pretend
now that the President has declared Martial Law. What do you think would happen to the citizens,
the law enforcers, militaries and even the government?

In this task, the students shall be required to log in through their FB accounts for an hour. The
one-hour argument shall be conducted in a private group to be made by the Course Coordinator
where only students enrolled in the course are added. Students will be free to post their thoughts
on the wall and free to comment on posts. Provided, that no trash talks or abusive comments or
posts will be given. Grades shall depend on the arguments presented by the student in the group.

Note: For those students who cannot access this platform due to internet connection shall be
given an alternative by the Course Coordinator.

Q & A LIST. This section allows you to list down all emerging questions or issues. Questions or
issues may be also raised in the Schoology, Facebook messenger, email and etc. If not through
online, you can write your answers in this printed module after clarification. This Q & A portion will
help you in the review of concepts and essential knowledge

I think our nation will be all right if our beloved President declared martial law considering that
he is a true leader. Martial law is good when the president is not greedy for power. Without any malice to
the previous martial law of former President Marcos. The word martial law can only be abusive when the
leader wants to do it. We can visualize it through a car and a driver. The car is the martial law while the
president is the driver. If the car is pretty well driven by the driver then there will be no harm and pain.
There is no such thing as a bad martial law if the president is aiming or conceptualizing a whole
new country.