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    Theories of Motivation

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    ineedsheetz
    The document discusses several theories of arousal and performance: - Drive theory proposed that arousal and performance followed a linear relationship, but factors like skill level and task complexity affect optimal arousal levels. - Inverted-U theory states that arousal facilitates performance up to an optimal point, after which performance suffers. - Individual zones of optimal functioning theory recognizes different people perform best at different arousal levels and optimal performance can occur within a range rather than a single point. Both positive and negative emotions can enhance performance.

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    Theories of Motivation

    Uploaded by

    ineedsheetz
    23 views3 pages
    The document discusses several theories of arousal and performance: - Drive theory proposed that arousal and performance followed a linear relationship, but factors like skill level and task complexity affect optimal arousal levels. - Inverted-U theory states that arousal facilitates performance up to an optimal point, after which performance suffers. - Individual zones of optimal functioning theory recognizes different people perform best at different arousal levels and optimal performance can occur within a range rather than a single point. Both positive and negative emotions can enhance performance.

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    theories of motivation

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    The document discusses several theories of arousal and performance: - Drive theory proposed that arousal and performance followed a linear relationship, but factors like skill level and task complexity affect optimal arousal levels. - Inverted-U theory states that arousal facilitates performance up to an optimal point, after which performance suffers. - Individual zones of optimal functioning theory recognizes different people perform best at different arousal levels and optimal performance can occur within a range rather than a single point. Both positive and negative emotions can enhance performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views3 pages

    Theories of Motivation

    Uploaded by

    ineedsheetz
    The document discusses several theories of arousal and performance: - Drive theory proposed that arousal and performance followed a linear relationship, but factors like skill level and task complexity affect optimal arousal levels. - Inverted-U theory states that arousal facilitates performance up to an optimal point, after which performance suffers. - Individual zones of optimal functioning theory recognizes different people perform best at different arousal levels and optimal performance can occur within a range rather than a single point. Both positive and negative emotions can enhance performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Theories of Description

    arousal and
    performanc
    e
    Drive - Previously thought that arousal and performance followed a linear progression
    theory - Hull proposed that as arousal or state anxiety increases, so too does
    (Hull) performance
    - Factors that affect levels of arousal
    o Skill level
    ▪ Increased skill level can increase latitude of optimal arousal
    ▪ Optimal arousal point is lower for less skilled athletes than for
    more advanced players
    ▪ Coaches should lower arousal and decrease decision-making
    responsibilities of developing athletes
    o Task complexity
    ▪ Refers to complexity in decision-making, not biomechanically
    ▪ Simple or well-learned skills (e.g. long distance running) less
    affected by high degrees of arousal. Benefit from higher
    degrees of arousal
    ▪ Vice versa for skills that take conscious decision-making effort
    (e.g. goalie in soccer). Arousal should be kept relatively low
    Inverted-U - States that arousal facilitates performance up until an optimal point, beyond
    theory which performance can suffer
    (Yerkes and - Various modifications based on influences of skill, ability, experience, task
    Dodson) complexity, etc.
    Individual - Different people, in different types of performances, perform best with
    zones of different levels of arousal
    optimal - Differs from inverted-U in several ways:
    functioning o Ideal performance not always at midpoint of arousal continuum
    theory o Optimal performance can occur within a small range or arousal level
    (Hanin) - Both positive and negative emotions can enhance performance
    - Recognizes that specific emotions can be positively perceived by one athlete
    and negatively perceived by another
    Catastrophe - Proposes that somatic arousal has a curvilinear, inverted-U relationship to
    theory athletic performance whereas cognitive anxiety shows a steady negative
    (Hardy) relationship to performance
    - When physiological arousal occurs in presence of cognitive anxiety, there is a
    sudden drop in performance
    Reversal - Effects of arousal and anxiety on performance depends on individual’s
    Theory interpretation of that arousal
    (Kerr) - Athletes have the ability to reverse their interpretation of their own arousal
    (e.g. changing mindset of high arousal from scary and worrisome to
    excitement and anticipation)
    - Effects of arousal and anxiety within the control of the individual

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